RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical performance of mildly acidic universal adhesives Scotchbond Universal (SU, 3M Oral Care, St Paul, MN, USA) and Prime & Bond Elect (PBE, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) in the restoration of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 63 patients in need of 203 NCCL restorations participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Notch-shaped lesions were restored with Kalore (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) after application of either SU or PBE, following the etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) techniques. Subjects were followed up for 60 months. The focus of the statistical analyses was on the change of outcome over time as assessed by the Modified USPHS rating system (ie, Alfa vs Bravo + Charlie outcomes). Logistic regression was performed for each outcome separately with compound symmetric variance-covariance structure assumed to consider a correlation of restorations within subjects. All analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 (SAS, Cary, NC, USA). RESULTS: One-hundred twenty-nine teeth in 35 subjects were assessed at the 60-month follow-up. In addition, three restorations that failed prior to the 60-month evaluation, two of which were in subjects who did not present for the 60-month follow-up, were included in the statistical analysis. In total, two restorations in the SU_ER group and three restorations in the PBE_SE group failed the retention category. Statistically significant differences were obtained for the comparison of restorations in the PBE_SE and PBE_ER groups, where the former was 58% less likely to maintain a score of Alfa for marginal discoloration than the latter. CONCLUSIONS: SU and PBE demonstrated acceptable clinical performance at 60 months with regard to restoration retention. Phosphoric-acid etching of the NCCLs prior to adhesive application significantly improved the performance of PBE in regard to marginal discoloration.
Assuntos
Cimentos Dentários , Adesivos Dentinários , Humanos , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Corrosão Dentária/métodos , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Adaptação Marginal Dentária , Cimentos de Resina/uso terapêutico , Cimentos de Resina/química , Colo do Dente , AdesivosRESUMO
To determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of recombinant soluble CD4 (sCD4) administered by continuous intravenous infusion to children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, we conducted a phase I study at the National Cancer Institute. Three dose levels of sCD4 were evaluated: 100, 300, and 1000 micrograms/kg per day. After an initial 12 weeks of treatment with sCD4 alone, dideoxyinosine at a dose of 90 mg/m2 every 8 hours was added and subjects were observed for an additional 12 weeks. Combination therapy was continued in patients in whom it was well tolerated. In addition to toxicity and pharmacokinetic monitoring, surrogate markers of antiviral activity were evaluated. Eleven children were enrolled in the study. During the 12 weeks of treatment with sCD4 alone, and during subsequent sCD4 plus dideoxyinosine combination therapy, no significant toxic reaction attributable to sCD4 or dideoxyinosine was encountered. Low-level anti-CD4 antibodies developed in two patients. Steady-state sCD4 levels increased proportionately at higher doses. The CD4 cell counts and serum p24 antigen levels did not provide evidence of antiviral activity. We conclude that sCD4 was well tolerated at doses up to 1000 micrograms/kg per day when administered by continuous intravenous infusion; however, evidence of in vivo antiviral activity was not observed in this study.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Antígenos CD4/uso terapêutico , Didanosina/uso terapêutico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adolescente , Antígenos Virais/sangue , Antígenos CD4/administração & dosagem , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Didanosina/administração & dosagem , Didanosina/farmacocinética , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Infusões Intravenosas , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacocinética , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A two-dimensional (2D) linear predictor which has an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) representation well as a bias term is adapted for adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) encoding of nonnegative images. The predictor coefficients are updated by using a 2D recursive LMS (TRLMS) algorithm. A constraint on optimum values for the convergence factors and an updating algorithm based on the constraint are developed. The coefficient updating algorithm can be modified with a stability control factor. This realization can operate in real time and in the spatial domain. A comparison of three different types of predictors is made for real images. ARMA predictors show improved performance relative to an AR algorithm.