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The Editorial Office was made aware of an error in Figure S1 within the original publication [...].
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In this study, using a large database, we examined the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) in hospitalized patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and in-hospital mortality and other adverse hospital outcomes. This study was a retrospective analysis of the United States National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2014. All hospitalizations for patients diagnosed with primary PH and over the age of 65 years were included and then grouped based on the presence AF. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality rate, hospital length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Weighted regression analyses were performed to find the association between AF and outcomes. Of the 5,428,332 hospitalizations with PH, 2,531,075 (46.6%) had concomitant AF. The Cox proportional regression analysis showed that in patients with PE, all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.35, confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 1.55) was significantly higher in patients with AF than those without AF. In addition, PH hospitalizations with AF had a longer hospital length of stay (ß coefficient 1.74, 95% CI 1.58 to 1.83) and higher hospitalization cost (ß coefficient 1.33, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.42). In patients aged over 65 years admitted for PH, the presence of AF was very frequent and worsened the prognosis. In conclusion, to improve patient outcomes and decrease hospital burden, it is important to consider AF during risk stratification for patients with PH to provide timely and prompt interventions. An interdisciplinary approach to treatment should be used to account for the burden of co-morbidities in this population.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Hospitalização , Mortalidade Hospitalar , HospitaisRESUMO
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and Elaeis Oleifera Cortes) is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Colombia is the fourth-largest oil palm producer worldwide. However, oil palm diseases are a significant factor affecting yield. Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De Seynes) Höhn is a pathogen that affects young palm trees, causing spear rot. Four disease establishment methods were studied to replicate, in a controlled environment, the symptoms of the disease found in the field. Young palm trees were inoculated with a suspension of endoconidia using either local infiltration, drip, scissor cut, or direct contact with agar blocks bearing mycelia and conidia. The effects of the inoculation methods were studied in dose-method-disease severity experiments conducted in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. All four methods resulted in T. paradoxa infections and the development of symptoms of the disease. The disease severity was correlated with the method and dose of inoculation. In trials to test Koch's postulates, T. paradoxa was isolated from areas of disease progression in the inoculated trees, but the teleomorph Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) Moreau was not observed. A photographic record of the infection process at different times post-infection was compiled. Given that establishing the disease through artificial inoculation is essential for assessing plant pathogenesis, this study determined that the local infiltration method (1 × 106 endoconidia mL-1) and a 3-7 day incubation period were critical for the development of symptoms as severe as those observed in natural infections in the field.
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Whey in large quantities can cause environmental problems when discarded, because it reduces dissolved oxygen and aquatic life. Nonetheless, it could be used as an easily available and economical alternative to reduce culture medium costs in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). In this work, a native Sporosarcina pasteurii was isolated and then cultured by using different proportions of whey (W) in nutrient broth (NB). The solids were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and SEM. The potential applications in bioconsolidation were also studied. Whey concentration was directly related to CaCO3 production. Higher whey concentrations reduced calcium carbonate purity to nearly 80%. All experiments showed calcite and vaterite fractions, where a whey increment in the media increased calcite content and decreased vaterite content, causing a decrease in crystal size. MICP improved compressive strength (CS) in sand and fly ash. The best CS results were obtained by fly ash treated with 25 W-75 NB (37.2 kPa) and sand with 75 W-25 NB (32.1 kPa). Whey changed crystal polymorphism in biogenic CaCO3 production. Material bioconsolidation depends on the CaCO3 polymorph, thus fly ash was effectively bioconsolidated by crystallization of vaterite and sand by crystallization of calcite.
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BACKGROUND: Data on heart failure (HF) epidemiology in less developed areas of Brazil are scarce. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the HF morbidity and mortality in Paraiba and Brazil and its 10-year trends. METHODS: A retrospective search was conducted from 2008 to 2017 using the DATASUS database and included patients ≥ 15 years old with a primary diagnosis of HF. Data on in-hospital and population morbidity and mortality were collected and stratified by year, gender and age. Pearson correlation and linear-by-linear association test for trends were calculated, with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2017, HF admissions decreased 62% (p = 0.004) in Paraiba and 34% (p = 0.004) in Brazil. The in-hospital mortality rate increased in Paraiba and Brazil [65.1% (p = 0.006) and 30.1% (p = 0.003), respectively], but the absolute in-hospital mortality had a significant decrease only in Paraiba [37.5% (p = 0.013)], which was maintained after age stratification, except for groups 15-19, 60-69 and > 80 years. It was observed an increase in the hospital stay [44% (p = 0.004) in Paraiba and 12.3% (p = 0.004) in Brazil]. From 2008 to 2015, mortality rate for HF in the population decreased 10.7% (p = 0.047) in Paraiba and 7.7% (p = 0.017) in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Although HF mortality rate has been decreasing in Paraiba and Brazil, an increase in the in-hospital mortality rate and length of stay for HF has been observed. Hospital-based clinical studies should be performed to identify the causes for these trends of increase.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Hospitalização/tendências , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Background: Data on heart failure (HF) epidemiology in less developed areas of Brazil are scarce. Objective: Our aim was to determine the HF morbidity and mortality in Paraiba and Brazil and its 10-year trends. Methods: A retrospective search was conducted from 2008 to 2017 using the DATASUS database and included patients ≥ 15 years old with a primary diagnosis of HF. Data on in-hospital and population morbidity and mortality were collected and stratified by year, gender and age. Pearson correlation and linear-by-linear association test for trends were calculated, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: From 2008 to 2017, HF admissions decreased 62% (p = 0.004) in Paraiba and 34% (p = 0.004) in Brazil. The in-hospital mortality rate increased in Paraiba and Brazil [65.1% (p = 0.006) and 30.1% (p = 0.003), respectively], but the absolute in-hospital mortality had a significant decrease only in Paraiba [37.5% (p = 0.013)], which was maintained after age stratification, except for groups 15-19, 60-69 and > 80 years. It was observed an increase in the hospital stay [44% (p = 0.004) in Paraiba and 12.3% (p = 0.004) in Brazil]. From 2008 to 2015, mortality rate for HF in the population decreased 10.7% (p = 0.047) in Paraiba and 7.7% (p = 0.017) in Brazil. Conclusions: Although HF mortality rate has been decreasing in Paraiba and Brazil, an increase in the in-hospital mortality rate and length of stay for HF has been observed. Hospital-based clinical studies should be performed to identify the causes for these trends of increase.
Resumo Fundamento: Dados sobre a epidemiologia da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em áreas pouco desenvolvidas são escassos. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi determinar a morbidade e a mortalidade por IC na Paraíba e no Brasil, e sua tendência em dez anos. Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca retrospectiva de 2008 a 2017 utilizando-se o banco de dados do DATASUS incluindo pacientes com idade ≥ 15 anos, com diagnóstico primário de IC. Os dados da morbimortalidade por IC foram coletados e estratificados por ano, sexo e idade. Foram realizados correlação de Pearson e teste para tendências de Mantel-Haenzsel. Um nível de 5% foi definido como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: De 2008 a 2017, as internações por IC diminuíram 62% (p = 0,004) na Paraíba, e 34% (p = 0,004) no Brasil. A taxa de mortalidade hospitalar aumentou na Paraíba e no Brasil [65,1% (p = 0,006) e 30,1% (p = 0,003), respectivamente], mas a mortalidade hospitalar em números absolutos apresentou uma diminuição significativa somente na Paraíba [37,5% (p = 0,013)], o que foi mantido após a estratificação por idade, exceto para os grupos 15-19, 60-69 e > 80 anos. Observou-se um aumento no período de internação [44% (p = 0,004) na Paraíba e 12,3% (p = 0,004) no Brasil]. De 2008 a 2015, a taxa de mortalidade por IC na população diminuiu 10,7% na Paraíba (p = 0,047) e 7,7% (p = 0,017) no Brasil. Conclusões: Apesar de a taxa de mortalidade por IC estar diminuindo na Paraíba e no Brasil, observou-se um aumento na taxa de mortalidade hospitalar e na duração da internação por IC. Devem ser realizados estudos clínicos em hospitais para serem identificadas as causas dessa tendência de aumento.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Hospitalização/tendências , Fatores de Tempo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Morbidade , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por Idade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gaining interest as potential therapeutic agents. Peptides derived from bovine lactoferricin B (LfcinB) have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity, and the LfcinB RRWQWR sequence is the smallest known motif that exhibits antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. Our goal was to examine the effect of multicopy arrangements of the RRWQWR motif, on its antibacterial activity against healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Linear and branched peptides containing the RRWQWR motif were generated using solid phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc/tBu methodology, purified, and characterized using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. For each peptide, the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 and 33591 strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883 and 700603 strains) was assessed by measuring the minimum inhibitory and the minimum bactericidal concentrations, in the exponential phase. Cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hemolytic activity of the peptides was assessed. The overall results demonstrate that, compared to linear analogues, polyvalent presentation of the RRWQWR motif enhances its antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria even on resistant strain.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Lactoferrina/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Bovinos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In peripartum cardiomyopathy, the prevalence of focal myocardial damage detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance is important to elucidate mechanisms of myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. LGE equates irreversible myocardial injury, but LGE prevalence in peripartum cardiomyopathy is uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 100 women enrolled within the Investigations of Pregnancy Associated Cardiomyopathy cohort, we recruited 40 women at 13 centers to undergo LGE cardiovascular magnetic resonance, enrolled within the first 13 weeks postpartum. Follow-up scans occurred at 6 months postpartum, and death/transplant rates at 12 months. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly in the parent cohort according to cardiovascular magnetic resonance enrollment except for mechanical circulatory support. LGE was noted only in 2 women (5%) at baseline. While left ventricular dysfunction with enlargement was prevalent at baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance scans (eg, ejection fraction 38% [Q1-Q3 31-50%], end diastolic volume index=108 mL/m2 [Q1-Q3 83-134 mL/m2]), most women demonstrated significant improvements at 6 months, consistent with a low prevalence of LGE. LGE was not related to baseline clinical variables, ejection fraction, New York Heart Association heart failure class, or mortality. Neither of the 2 women who died exhibited LGE. LGE was inversely associated with persistent left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Factors other than focal myocardial damage detectable by LGE explain the initial transient depressions in baseline left ventricular ejection fraction, yet focal myocardial damage may contribute to persistent myocardial dysfunction and hinder recovery in a small minority. Most women exhibit favorable changes in ventricular function over 6 months. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01085955.
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Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Compostos Heterocíclicos/administração & dosagem , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Miocárdio/patologia , Compostos Organometálicos/administração & dosagem , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Remodelação Ventricular , Canadá , Cardiomiopatias/mortalidade , Cardiomiopatias/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Feminino , Fibrose , Gadolínio/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Coração , Humanos , Período Periparto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/mortalidade , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Volume Sistólico , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/mortalidade , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/terapia , Função Ventricular DireitaRESUMO
Este artículo tiene el objetivo de hacer una revisión de los estudios que desde las ciencias sociales, especialmente la antropología urbana, han trabajado sobre los barrios y vecindarios y, por ende, sobre la ciudad. Para ello, se desarrolla una breve reseña de los primeros estudios que se realizaron sobre los vecindarios en la Escuela de Chicago y en la Escuela de Mánchester. En la segunda parte, se muestran las diferentes aproximaciones sobre los barrios desde la década de 1990, miradas que, en el escenario teórico, reproducen supuestos de "lugar" anteriores al giro espacial y herederos de la Escuela de Chicago. Para finalizar, se concluye sobre los límites de los estudios barriales, entre los que se destacan pensar y reconceptualizar los barrios y desligarse de fronteras geométricas definidas y de la visión de comunidad. Por tanto, el presente artículo apuesta por la reflexión en torno a las nuevas concepciones del lugar que se dan después del giro espacial, unas concepciones más dinámicas y relacionales, en las que los barrios se configuran a partir de trayectorias, influencias, intercambios, prácticas e historias de sus residentes. Así, el barrio se entiende de una forma interconectada, articulado con los múltiples lugares que conforman la ciudad, y no como una entidad aislada o un telón de fondo sobre el que se produce lo social.
This article aims to review the made by social sciences and urban anthropology about neighborhoods, and thus the city. For this porpuse a brief overview of the initial work of the Chicago School and the University of Machester about neighborhoods is developed. In the second part, the different approaches since the 90's about neighborhoods are shown. Views that in a theoretical scenario reproduced assumptions of "place" before the spatial turn and the heirs of the School of Chicago. Finally, the challenges that neighborhood studies face are discussed. Among the challenges is the need to think and reconceptualized the neighborhood, separating them from geometric boundaries and the community vision. Therefore, this article focuses on reflection of the new conceptions of the place given after the spatial turn, more dynamic and relational conceptions, in which the neighborhoods are configured out of its inhabitant's trajectories, influences, interchanges, practices and histories (Massey, 2004). Thus, the neighborhood is understood interconnected, articulated with the multiple places that make up the city, and not as an isolated entity or a backdrop on which the social is produced
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En el presente trabajo se establece el efecto de la hidratación y la cocción sobre las características físicas y funcionales de la harina de vitabosa (Mucuna deeringiana). La capacidad de absorción de aceite es superioren la vitabosa sin tratamiento que en la sometida a hidratación y cocción (vitabosa sometida a hidratacióny cocción), 2,12 mL/g y 1,89 mL/g respectivamente. La mayor capacidad de absorción de agua se da en lavitabosa sometida a hidratación y cocción y disminuye con el incremento de la fuerza iónica en el rango de 0,1-1 M de NaCl. La capacidad emulsificante se reduce con el aumento de la concentración de las harinas. Además, la actividad y la estabilidad emulsificantes se incrementan en un rango de fuerza iónica de0,0 - 0,4 M, pero disminuyen con el aumento de las concentraciones de sal. Ambas harinas tienen capacidades espumantes bajas, alcanzando valores máximos en concentraciones 0,4 M de NaCl de 10,3% vitabosa sin tratar y 6,04% (vitabosa sometida a hidratación y cocción). La mejor capacidad de gelificación se observa a una concentración del 12% y en ausencia de cloruro de sodio, en tanto que el incremento de la fuerza iónica(0,1-1 M NaCl) tiene un efecto desfavorable en la capacidad de gelificación de ambas harinas.
The effect of soaking and cooking on physical characteristics and functional properties of vitabosa (Mucunadeeringiana) flour is investigated. Oil absorption capacity of vitabosa without treatment is higher than seed with soaking and cooking treatment, 2.12 mL/g and 1.89 mL/g, respectively. The best water absorption capacity is in vitabosa with soaking and cooking treatment and it decreases with the increase of ionic strength ranges of 0.1 - 1 M of NaCl. Emulsifying activity decreases as the concentration of flour in solution increased. Emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability of flours increase in the ionic strength range 0.0 - 0.4 M but reduced afterwards with further increase in NaCl concentration. Vitabosa without treatment and vitabosa with soaking and cooking treatment have low foam capacity, their best results are 10.3% vitabosa without treatment and 6.04% (vitabosa with soaking and cooking treatment) at 0.4 M of NaCl. The highest gelation capacity is at 12% concentration and without sodium chloride. At the same time the increase in ionic strength (0.1 - 1 M NaCl) has an unfavorable effect in the gelation capacity of flours.
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Concentração Osmolar , SementesRESUMO
La investigación, de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, identifica las estrategias desarrolladas por veinte niños, de 7 a 12 años del suroriente de la ciudad de Bogotá, para afrontar el castigo y adaptarse a su entorno sociocultural y doméstico. Para esto, se acudió a elementos antropológicos, ya que si bien la Psicología permite conceptualizar la problemática, la Antropología proporciona las herramientas para conocer los elementos socioculturales en los que está inmerso el niño. La investigación se divide en dos fases. En la primera, se identificaron las estrategias de los niños frente al castigo, a través de la realización de una entrevista semiestructurada. En la segunda, se describe, a partir de la elaboración de historias de vida, entrevistas en profundidad y observación de campo, el sistema sociocultural de cuatro (4) de los niños. De acuerdo con estas dos fases, se establece un diálogo entre la Psicología y la Teoría de Redes Sociales.
The main objective of this exploratory descriptive research was to identify the strategies developed by children between 7 and 12 years old fromsouthwest Bogotá to cope with punishment and to adapt themselves to their sociocultural and home environments. Anthropological methods have been used in this research because even though Psychology allows for a general conceptualization of this issue, Anthropology provides different tools forthe understanding of the cultural and social elements in which the child lives. This research is composed by two different parts, in the first one childrenstrategies to cope punishment are identified through semi-structuredinterviews. In the second part, through life histories, the social and culturalsystem of four children is described. Thus, results and discussion are separated according to this two moments, in order to try to present a dialogue between psychology and socials networks theory.