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ABSTRACT The description and analysis of the different antibiotics registered in a country allow establishment of criteria on their use, species, and routes of administration, which translates into better controls for the entities in stakeholders. This study is the first report of antibiotics for veterinary use in Guatemala and was carried out through data mining and analysis of the same through Principal Component Analysis, where the registration of 141 molecules of antibiotics and their combinations was exhibited, in which enrofloxacin (10.26%) and oxytetracycline (9.01%) stand out as the antibiotics with the largest number of registrations in the country and the most used in food-producing species, specifically cattle, pigs, and poultry.

RESUMEN La descripción y el análisis sobre los distintos antibióticos registrados en un país permiten establecer criterios sobre uso, especies y vías de administración, lo que se traduce en mejores controles para los entes encargados de la toma de decisiones. El presente estudio es el primer reporte de antibióticos de uso veterinario en Guatemala y se realizó a través de minería de datos y análisis de estos a través de Análisis de Componentes Principales, donde se determinó el registro de 141 moléculas de antibióticos y sus combinaciones, en la que destacan la enrofloxacina (10,26%) y la oxitetraciclina (9,01%) como los antibióticos con mayor número de registros en el país y los más utilizados en las especies productoras de alimento para consumo humano, específicamente bovinos, porcinos y aves.

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The spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus, is an important commercial and recreational fishery resource in Korea. Aquacultural production of this species has increased because of recent resource declines, growing consumption, and ongoing government-operated stock release programs. Therefore, the genetic characterization of hatchery populations is necessary to maintain the genetic diversity of this species and to develop more effective aquaculture practices. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of three cultured populations in Korea were assessed using multiplex assays with 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci; 144 alleles were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 28, with an average of 13.1. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.724 and 0.753, respectively. Low levels of inbreeding were detected according to the inbreeding coefficient (mean FIS = 0.003-0.073). All hatchery populations were significantly differentiated from each other (overall fixation index (FST) = 0.027, P < 0.01), and no population formed a separate cluster. Pairwise multilocus FST tests, estimates of genetic distance, mantel test, and principal component analyses did not show a consistent relationship between geographic and genetic distances. These results could reflect the exchange of breeds and eggs between hatcheries and/or genetic drift due to intensive breeding practices. For optimal resource management, the genetic variation of hatchery stocks should be monitored and inbreeding controlled within the spotted sea bass stocks that are being released every year. This genetic information will be useful for the management of both L. maculatus fisheries and the aquaculture industry.

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Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia de trastornos alimentarios en los alumnos de la facultad de medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo en el año 2012. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Material y métodos: Se empleó el Test de actitudes alimentarias (EAT-26) a 292 alumnos de la facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo (USAT) en el año 2012, seleccionados por un muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados y estratificado por escuelas profesionales, en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo en Lambayeque ­ Perú. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue 100%. 63 de los participantes fueron varones (21,5%) y 229, mujeres (78,5%). La edad promedio de los participantes fue 19,7 ±1,2 años. 3 (1,02%) alumnas encuestadas obtuvieron un resultado positivo, todas ellas mujeres y pertenecientes a la escuela de enfermería. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de trastornos alimentarios en nuestro estudio confirma hallazgos previos en poblaciones similares.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: External beam radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy (CRT) is widely used for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer. Noncoplanar (NCP) 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and coplanar (CP) IMRT have been reported to lower the radiation dose to organs at risk (OARs). The purpose of this article is to examine the utility of noncoplanar beam angles in IMRT for the management of pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients who were treated with CRT for unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head or neck were re-planned using CP and NCP beams in 3DCRT and IMRT with the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system. RESULTS: Compared to CP IMRT, NCP IMRT had similar target coverage with slightly increased maximum point dose, 5,799 versus 5,775 cGy (p = 0.008). NCP IMRT resulted in lower mean kidney dose, 787 versus 1,210 cGy (p < 0.0001) and higher mean liver dose, 1,208 versus 1,061 cGy (p < 0.0001). Also, NCP IMRT resulted in similar mean stomach dose, 1,257 versus 1,248 cGy (p = 0.86) but slightly higher mean small bowel dose, 981 versus 866 cGy (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The NCP IMRT was able to significantly decrease bilateral kidney dose, but did not improve other dose-volume criteria. The use of NCP beam angles is preferred only in patients with risk factors for treatment-related kidney dysfunction.

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Saccharum spontaneum is a wild sugarcane species that is native to and widely distributed in China. It has been extensively used in sugarcane breeding programs, and is being tested for the development of bioenergy cultivars. In order to provide basic information for the exploitation of this species, we analyzed genetic variation among and within native S. spontaneum populations collected from Sichuan, China. Eighty plants from nine native populations were sampled. Twenty-one sequence-related amplified polymorphism primer pairs generated 235 clearly scorable bands, of which 185 were polymorphic (78.7%). Nei's genetic diversity was 0.2801 and Shannon's information index was 0.4155 across the populations. Genetic diversity parameters, G(ST) value (0.2088) and N(m) value (1.8944), showed that the genetic variation within populations was greater than that among populations. In the cluster analysis, one major grouping was formed by populations from Ya'an and another one by populations from Sichuan basin; a population from Baoxing formed a single cluster. In order to fully comprehend the genetic diversity of cold-tolerant local germplasm in this species, germplasm should be collected from the heterogeneous environments along the northern regions of this species' distribution. The germplasm that we collected should be a valuable resource for Saccharum breeding.

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Metaplastic carcinoma is a very rare breast neoplasm that is often confused with benign and others malignant entities on both clinical and conventional histopathologic basis. Three cases of metaplastic carcinoma of breast are presented. The difficulties found on fine needle aspiration cytology and the limitations of this procedure are discussed as well the main features of this tumor.

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Recent reports of torsade de pointes and heart block associated with prolonged QT interval in children receiving cisapride raise questions about its safety. We prospectively examined the effects of cisapride on the QT interval in children. Electrocardiography was performed on 30 children before and after cisapride was administered. An additional 71 children underwent electrocardiography only after starting cisapride. The incidence of a corrected QT (QTc) interval > 440 msec or a marked abnormality in T wave morphology was determined in all 101 children. Cisapride significantly lengthened the QTc with a mean increase of 15.5 +/- 4.6 msec (mean +/- SEM, p = 0.002 in the 30 children with baseline electrocardiographs. Twelve of the 101 patients were found to have a QTc > 440 msec, and one had a new prominent notched T wave in all leads. In these 13 (13%) patients with repolarization abnormalities, other factors that might contribute to a long QT were noted in 11 (85%) patients. We conclude that cisapride use in children is associated with a modest increase in QT interval. The incidence of QTc > 440 msec is low. Most children with long QTc have other factors that could compound the effects of cisapride.

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A rinomanometria anterior ativa foi considerado o método de escolha para avaliaçäo da permeabilidade nasal em crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam obstruçäo nasal e foram submetidos a algum tipo de cirurgia para sua correçäo. Desta maneira, pode ser realizado, uma comparaçäo objetiva entre os resultados pré e pós-operatórios

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There are many factors that may affect the onset of the menopause, particularly cigarette smoking. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors may influence the onset of the menopause in Trinidadian women. A consecutive sample of 384 post-menopausal women attending Chronic Disease Clinics in 12 randomly selected Health Centres in North Trinidad comprised the study population. A pretested interview-type questionnaire was the instrument used to collect the data. Our findings from 379 (98.7 per cent) respondents aged 45 - 81 (mean = 61.5) years showed a mean age at menopause of 49.3 years. There were more women of African (56.3 per cent) than East Indian (28.3 per cent) origin; 84.9 per cent of women were non-smokers, 40 (10.6 per cent) and 17 (4.5 per cent) were smokers and ex-smokers, respectively. The mean age of menopause in Trinidadian women who smoke was reduced by as much as 5 years (49.7 vs 44.6 years), while women who were ex-smokers showed a reduction in the age of onset of the menopause by 3 years (49.7 vs 46.5 years). Chi-squared test showed these differences to be significant (p = 0.00312). However, there were no relationships with nutritional status, parity, chronic disease status or the use of hormonal contraception. It was interesting to note that all the hypertensive women in this sample acquired the disease post-menopause and 95 per cent acquired diabetes mellitus similarly (AU)

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The accuracy and working condition of 65 sphygmomanometers were tested: 32 mercury and 21 aneroid models were used at the Port-of-Spain General Hospital and 12 mercury only units at the St. Clair Medical Centre. Faults in the inflation-deflation system were common and caused mainly by leakage at the inlet of control valves or at connections. The accuracy of the gauges was examined at 90 and 160mm Hg. Six per cent of the mercury and 67 percent of the aneroid models at the Port-of-Spain General Hospital had errors >+/- 4 mm Hg. At the St. Clair Medical Centre, using the same standard procedures, 8 percent of the mercury were found to have errors. Most of the cuffs examined (>50 percent) had a bladder dimension which did not meet the recommendations of the American Heart Association - 13 x 24 cm. Mercury sphygmomanometers should be bought in preference to aneroid models because they are more accurate, less expensive in the long-term and easily maintained. They should be checked every 6 - 12 months depending upon usage. Replacement parts should be readily available (AU)

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