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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often accompanied with metabolic disturbances attributed to androgen excess and obesity, but the contribution of each has not been defined, and the occurrence of metabolic disturbances is usually not investigated. Ninety-nine women with PCOS and forty-one without PCOS were evaluated. The clinical biomarkers of alterations related to glucose (glucose, insulin, and clamp-derived glucose disposal - M), liver (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), and endothelium (arginine, asymmetric dymethylarginine, carotid intima-media thickness, and flow-mediated dilation) metabolism were measured; participants were categorized into four groups according to their obesity (OB) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) status as follows: Healthy (no-HA, lean), HA (HA, lean), OB (no-HA, OB), and HAOB (HA, OB). Metabolic disturbances were very frequent in women with PCOS (≈70%). BMI correlated with all biomarkers, whereas free testosterone (FT) correlated with only glucose- and liver-related indicators. Although insulin sensitivity and liver enzymes were associated with FT, women with obesity showed lower M (coef = 8.56 - 0.080(FT) - 3.71(Ob); p < 0.001) and higher aspartate aminotransferase (coef = 26.27 + 0.532 (FT) + 8.08 (Ob); p = 0.015) than lean women with the same level of FT. Women with obesity showed a higher risk of metabolic disorders than lean women, independent of hyperandrogenemia. Clinicians are compelled to look for metabolic alterations in women with PCOS. Obesity should be treated in all cases, but hyperandrogenemia should also be monitored in those with glucose-or liver-related disturbances.
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We previously reported preliminary characterization of adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction through the adiponectin/leptin ratio (ALR) and fasting/postprandial (F/P) gene expression in subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue (AT) biopsies obtained from participants in the GEMM study, a precision medicine research project. Here we present integrative data replication of previous findings from an increased number of GEMM symptom-free (SF) adults (N = 124) to improve characterization of early biomarkers for cardiovascular (CV)/immunometabolic risk in SF adults with AT dysfunction. We achieved this goal by taking advantage of the rich set of GEMM F/P 5 h time course data and three tissue samples collected at the same time and frequency on each adult participant (F/P blood, biopsies of SQAT and skeletal muscle (SKM)). We classified them with the presence/absence of AT dysfunction: low (<1) or high (>1) ALR. We also examined the presence of metabolically healthy (MH)/unhealthy (MUH) individuals through low-grade chronic subclinical inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)), whole body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index) and Metabolic Syndrome criteria in people with/without AT dysfunction. Molecular data directly measured from three tissues in a subset of participants allowed fine-scale multi-OMIC profiling of individual postprandial responses (RNA-seq in SKM and SQAT, miRNA from plasma exosomes and shotgun lipidomics in blood). Dynamic postprandial immunometabolic molecular endophenotypes were obtained to move towards a personalized, patient-defined medicine. This study offers an example of integrative translational research, which applies bench-to-bedside research to clinical medicine. Our F/P study design has the potential to characterize CV/immunometabolic early risk detection in support of precision medicine and discovery in SF individuals.
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Objetivo: La dispersión transmural de la repolarización ventricular (DTMRV) es un factor de riesgo para muerte en pacientes con síndrome isquémico coronario agudo (SICA). Con el objetivo de conocer el efecto de la realización de angioplastia sobre la DTMRV, se estudió la relación Tp-f/QTc en pacientes con SICA sometidos a angioplastia. Método: Se diseñó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se incluyeron 150 pacientes (N = 150) con diagnóstico de SICA. Se valoró la relación Tp-f/QTc inicial y se evaluó su acortamiento posangioplastia. Como objetivo secundario, se comparó la asociación de dichos cambios en la relación Tp-f/QTc con la mortalidad cardiovascular y los eventos adversos cardiovasculares. Resultados: El promedio en la relación Tp-f/QTc inicial fue de 0.2529, mientras que posangioplastia fue de 0.2397. Por medio de prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon se evidenció un descenso significativo en la relación Tp-f/QTc posterior a la angioplastia, con un valor Z de -2.051 y una p < 0.04. En el análisis secundario se encontró que una Tp-f/QTc ≥ 0.29 posangioplastia es factor de riesgo para presentación de los siguientes eventos adversos: muerte intrahospitalaria (7.4 vs 0%; p < 0.003), nuevo SICA en seguimiento a 1 año (25.9 vs. 18.5%; p < 0.006) y reintervención en seguimiento a 1 año (29.6 vs. 15.0%; p < 0.002). Conclusiones: Existe un acortamiento significativo en la relación Tp-f/QTc posangioplastia en pacientes con SICA. Esta medida de la DTMRV puede servir como un predictor de muerte intrahospitalaria, eventos cardiovasculares y reintervención a 1 año en pacientes con SICA tratados con angioplastia. Objective: Transmural Dispersion of Repolarization (TDR) is a Risk factor for Death in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). In order to know the effect of angioplasty on TDR, the Tp-e/QTc ratio was studied in patients with ACS undergoing angioplasty. Method: An observational, retrospective and descriptive study was designed. 150 patients (N = 150) with diagnosis of ACS were included. The initial Tp-e/QTc ratio was assessed and then its post-angioplasty shortening was evaluated. As a secondary objective, we compared the association of these Tp-e/QTc ratio changes with cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular adverse events. Results: The average in the initial Tp-e/QTc ratio was 0.2529, while post-angioplasty was 0.2397. Through a Wilcoxon rage test, a significant decrease in the Tp-e/QTc ratio after angioplasty was observed, with a Z value of −2.051 and p < 0.04. In the secondary analysis, it was found that a Tp-e/QTc ≥ 0.29 post-angioplasty is a risk factor for presenting the following adverse events: in-hospital death (7.4 vs. 0%; p < 0.003), new ACS in 1-year follow-up (25.9 vs. 18.5%; p < 0.006), and reintervention in 1-year follow up (29.6 vs. 15%; p < 0.002). Conclusions: There is a significant shortening in the Tp-e/QTc ratio post-angioplasty in patients with ACS. This measure of TDR can serve as a predictor of in-hospital death, cardiovascular events and 1-year reintervention in patients with ACS treated initially by angioplasty.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/cirurgia , Angioplastia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Idoso , Angioplastia/efeitos adversos , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: La dispersión transmural de la repolarización ventricular (DTMRV) es un factor de riesgo para muerte en pacientes con síndrome isquémico coronario agudo (SICA). Con el objetivo de conocer el efecto de la realización de angioplastia sobre la DTMRV, se estudió la relación Tp-f/QTc en pacientes con SICA sometidos a angioplastia. Método: Se diseñó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se incluyeron 150 pacientes (N = 150) con diagnóstico de SICA. Se valoró la relación Tp-f/QTc inicial y se evaluó su acortamiento posangioplastia. Como objetivo secundario, se comparó la asociación de dichos cambios en la relación Tp-f/QTc con la mortalidad cardiovascular y los eventos adversos cardiovasculares. Resultados: El promedio en la relación Tp-f/QTc inicial fue de 0.2529, mientras que posangioplastia fue de 0.2397. Por medio de prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon se evidenció un descenso significativo en la relación Tp-f/QTc posterior a la angioplastia, con un valor Z de −2.051 y una p < 0.04. En el análisis secundario se encontró que una Tp-f/QTc ≥ 0.29 posangioplastia es factor de riesgo para presentación de los siguientes eventos adversos: muerte intrahospitalaria (7.4 vs 0%; p < 0.003), nuevo SICA en seguimiento a 1 año (25.9 vs. 18.5%; p < 0.006) y reintervención en seguimiento a 1 año (29.6 vs. 15.0%; p < 0.002). Conclusiones: Existe un acortamiento significativo en la relación Tp-f/QTc posangioplastia en pacientes con SICA. Esta medida de la DTMRV puede servir como un predictor de muerte intrahospitalaria, eventos cardiovasculares y reintervención a 1 año en pacientes con SICA tratados con angioplastia.
Abstract Objective: Transmural Dispersion of Repolarization (TDR) is a Risk factor for Death in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). In order to know the effect of angioplasty on TDR, the Tp-e/QTc ratio was studied in patients with ACS undergoing angioplasty. Method: An observational, retrospective and descriptive study was designed. 150 patients (N = 150) with diagnosis of ACS were included. The initial Tp-e/QTc ratio was assessed and then its post-angioplasty shortening was evaluated. As a secondary objective, we compared the association of these Tp-e/QTc ratio changes with cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular adverse events. Results: The average in the initial Tp-e/QTc ratio was 0.2529, while post-angioplasty was 0.2397. Through a Wilcoxon rage test, a significant decrease in the Tp-e/QTc ratio after angioplasty was observed, with a Z value of −2.051 and p < 0.04. In the secondary analysis, it was found that a Tp-e/QTc ≥ 0.29 post-angioplasty is a risk factor for presenting the following adverse events: in-hospital death (7.4 vs. 0%; p < 0.003), new ACS in 1-year follow-up (25.9 vs. 18.5%; p < 0.006), and reintervention in 1-year follow up (29.6 vs. 15%; p < 0.002). Conclusions: There is a significant shortening in the Tp-e/QTc ratio post-angioplasty in patients with ACS. This measure of TDR can serve as a predictor of in-hospital death, cardiovascular events and 1-year reintervention in patients with ACS treated initially by angioplasty.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Angioplastia/métodos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Seguimentos , Angioplastia/efeitos adversos , EletrocardiografiaRESUMO
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a threat to public health; in 2014 caused 1.5 million deaths worldwide; in hospitals where the prevalence of TB is low, it is appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness of tests to diagnose it. Methods: We reviewed reports of airway clinical specimens sent for studies of tuberculosis to the microbiology laboratory from Tec Salud System private hospitals (400 beds) in the metropolitan area of ââMonterrey, NL, from May 2012 to December 2015. In conjunction with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain, and solid Lowenstein-Jensen medium (LJ), our laboratory resources also include fluorescent LED microscopy (Carl Zeiss Microscopy Products), MGIT 320 (Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube liquid culture detection system, Becton Dickinson), and recently incorporated a real-time PCR system the Xpert MTB/RIF test (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Results: In 731 respiratory specimens from 510 patients, M. tuberculosis was isolated from 78 samples belonging to 50 patients on LJ and MGIT LJ 42 (84%) and MGIT 49, (98%) of the samples. From 41 patients identified, 26 (63.4%) were positive to fluorescein, and 25 (60.9%) with Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Real time PCR (Xpert TB) was positive in 13 out of 17 patient-airway samples (76.4%). Conclusions: Usefulness of liquid culture (MGIT) and solid culture (LJ) is shown; the first can significantly cut incubation times.
Introducción: la tuberculosis (TB) aún es una amenaza para la salud pública; en 2014 causó 1.5 millones de muertes a nivel mundial. En hospitales donde la prevalencia de TB es baja, resulta conveniente evaluar la efectividad de las pruebas para diagnosticarla. Métodos: revisamos los informes de resultados de muestras de vías respiratorias enviadas para estudios de tuberculosis de mayo de 2012 a diciembre de 2015 al laboratorio de Microbiología del Sistema Tec Salud (400 camas) en el área metropolitana de Monterrey. Además de la tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) y cultivo sólido de Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ); se realizó fluorescencia LED, cultivo en medio líquido MGIT 320 y más recientemente el Xpert MTB/RIF test. Resultados: se cultivaron en LJ y MGIT 731 muestras de vías respiratorias de 510 pacientes; en las muestras de 50 de ellos se identificó M. tuberculosis, 49 en MGIT (98%) y 42 en LJ (84%). De las muestras correspondientes a 41 pacientes, 26 (63.4%) fueron positivas con fluoresceína, y 25 (60.9%) con ZN. En las muestras de 17 pacientes se hizo PCR en tiempo real (Xpert MTB), 13 fueron positivas (76.4%). Conclusiones: se demuestra la utilidad del cultivo en medio liquido (MGIT) y del LJ en medio sólido; el primero, además de ser más sensible, permite acortar en forma importante los tiempos de incubación.
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Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hospitais Privados , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Osteopathologies are a result of advanced age and decreased bone density and represent a global health problem. It is therefore important to generate models for longitudinal studies of the pathophysiology in order to improve early diagnosis and develop preventive therapies. For this kind of research, the use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate bone health offers advantages over other techniques since it provides more complete information. The aim of this prospective, pilot study was to obtain measurements of the left femur from a population in captivity of 32 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in order to standardize the model for future research. Healthy subjects from 5 to 28 years old were chosen. Three groups with different ages were formed as follows: (1) 5-9 years, (2) 10-19 years, and (3) 20-28 years. Semi-automatic segmentation by threshold defined the regions of interest, which were subdivided in the range of 300-700 Hounsfield units (HU) for trabecular bone and >700 HU for cortical bone. Then, the proportional ratios of the volumes of trabecular bone and cortical bone were obtained. Significant differences (analysis of variance test) in the averages of Hounsfield units, cortical, and trabecular bone proportions from each age group proved that a decrease in bone density begins at approximately 20 years of age. The values presented here, as well as the method to obtain them from CT scans, can be used as a baseline in a primate model for long-term research in bone pathology diagnosis and treatment.
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Densidade Óssea , Fêmur/fisiologia , Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Animais , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Palliative care is an evolving but underdeveloped practice in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: The primary end point of this prospective observational study was to identify internal medicine inpatients fulfilling advanced criteria within a second-level hospital. Secondary end points were symptom burden, treatment, resource utilization, and one-year survival. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: The 390-sample size calculation was based on previous studies where 15% of inpatients fulfilled palliative care needs. Consecutive admissions were assessed to identify patients with any of the following: cancer, cardiac, renal, hepatic insufficiency, COPD, AIDS, stroke, or fragility until sample size was completed. After obtaining informed consent, interview to patient, attending physician, and chart review was completed to identify any of the following advanced disease criteria in each patient: (1) Surprise question to attending physician of the possibility of the patient dying in the following year, (2) Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) <50, and (3) Advanced disease specific criteria. Interview also included presence of symptoms, functional capacity, and previous resource utilization. Treatment offered was analyzed only on day of admission. One-year follow-up to assess survival was done through the state death certificates. RESULTS: Out of 390 patients, 131 (34%) had any of the diseases studied. Out of 131 patients, 86 (66%) had at least one of the three inclusion criteria for advanced disease. Out of 86 patients, 70 (81%) advanced disease patients died after one-year follow-up. Comparison between patients with no advanced disease (no criteria) versus advanced disease (at least one criteria) showed a significant difference in mean PPS, nutrition status, survival days, inhospital death, weight loss, dependency on activities of daily living, and previous multiple emergency room visits. Advanced disease patients with no death at one year follow-up had significantly more new admissions to that hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients requiring palliative care in internal medicine wards may be excessive to the current palliative care structures available.
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Cuidados Críticos/organização & administração , Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Interna/organização & administração , Avaliação das Necessidades/organização & administração , Neoplasias/enfermagem , Cuidados Paliativos/organização & administração , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cuidados Críticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Medicina Interna/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Harboring a high mortality, the incidence of sepsis is increasing; thus detection, identification and susceptibility tests of the involved microorganisms become urgent. METHODS: We reviewed the records from January 2013 until July 2014 of a total of 4110 blood culture bottles taken from adult patients in a private tertiary hospital. RESULTS: Growth of microorganisms was observed in 559 bottles (12.6%). We emphasize that 2648 blood cultures (60%) were taken in two paired aerobic and anaerobic bottles drawn at the same time (1324 pairs); from these, growth was observed in 182 inoculated bottles drawn from two different sites at the same time from 135 patients (13.7%). In 86 pairs of bottles with samples from 54 patients (40%), growth occurred only in the aerobic blood culture bottles. Also, growth of microorganisms was observed only in anaerobic bottles in 24 pairs (13.19%), corresponding to 21 patients (15.5%, p<0.05%). In blood cultures from 32 out of 60 patients with growth in both media (53%), microbial growth was detected first in the anaerobic bottle. CONCLUSIONS: The usefulness of blood cultures for anaerobes for the identification of obligate anaerobic bacteremia which rarely occur is low (2.2% of patients with bacteremia); however, in 15.55% of the patients the risk of completely overlook bacteremia was present, and in 53% of patients with positive cultures, bacteremia was established earlier, and thus permitted earlier and accurate decision making.
Introducción: la frecuencia de la septicemia va en aumento y su mortalidad es alta; por lo tanto, su detección, la identificación del microorganismo causal y su susceptibilidad son perentorias. Metodos: se revisaron los registros de 4110 botellas de cultivo de sangre obtenida de enero de 2013 a julio de 2014 de pacientes adultos en un hospital privado de tercer nivel. Resultados: se observó crecimiento de microorganismos en 559 cultivos (12.6 %). En 2648 hemocultivos (60 %) inoculados en pares de frascos uno con medio aeróbico y el otro anaeróbico (1324 sets), se detectó crecimiento en 182 frascos a los que les fueron inoculadas las muestras tomadas al mismo tiempo a 135 pacientes (13.7 %). En 86 pares de frascos con las muestras de 54 pacientes (40 %), el crecimiento solamente se dio en el frasco aeróbico (47.5 %); en 24 pares de frascos (13.19 %) tomados a 21 pacientes (15.5 %, p < 0.05), solamente hubo crecimiento en el frasco anaeróbico. En los hemocultivos de 32 de 60 pacientes con crecimiento en ambos frascos (53 %), el crecimiento se detectó primero en el frasco anaeróbico. Conclusiones: los hemocultivos anaeróbicos tienen una utilidad baja para la detección de bacteriemias por anaerobios estrictos; no obstante, en el 15.55 % de los pacientes estuvo presente el riesgo de pasar por alto la presencia de bacteriemia, y en 53 % de los pacientes con hemocultivos positivos, el diagnóstico de bacteriemia pudo establecerse de manera más temprana, lo que permitió anticipar con mejor precisión la toma de decisiones.
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Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bactérias Anaeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Hemocultura/métodos , Adulto , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), myositis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) associated with group G ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GGS) occasionally coincide. CLINICAL CASE: We describe a case of GGS simultaneously occurring with NF, myositis, arthritis, and STSS in an 83-year-old woman with sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, hospitalized after two days of fever and with a painful swollen left foot. She was hypotensive, her foot had purplish discoloration, which showed blisters spreading to the lower third of the leg, and no crepitus was present. Fluid, vasopressive support, tigecyclin, and clindamycin were used. Debrided tissue and fluid aspirated from the knee joint revealed Gram-positive cocci. The patient developed renal and respiratory failure on the fifth day, requiring support. She underwent amputation above the knee of the left leg, after which her condition improved. She was discharged one month later. CONCLUSION: GGS can cause life-threatening infections such as NF, myositis, and/or STSS. GGS usually afflicts aging patients with comorbid states, and occasionally healthy subjects.
Introducción: ocasionalmente concurren la fascitis necrotizante (FN), con miositis, y síndrome de choque tóxico post-estreptocócico (SSTE) asociados con infección por estreptococo ß-hemolítico del grupo G (EGG). Caso clínico: presentamos un caso de infección en el que concurren simultáneamente FN, miositis, artritis y SSTE en una mujer de 83 años con secuelas de enfermedad cerebrovascular, hospitalizada tras dos días de fiebre y dolor, así como hinchazón del pie izquierdo. Se encontraba hipotensa y el pie mostraba coloración púrpura con flictenas que se extendían hacia el tercio inferior de la pierna; no había crepitación a la presión digital. Se empleó hidratación parenteral, vasopresores, tigeciclina y clindamicina. Tanto el tejido desbridado como el líquido aspirado de la articulación de la rodilla revelaron cocos gram positivos. Al quinto día la paciente desarrolló falla renal y respiratoria que requirieron de apoyo. La paciente fue sometida a amputación supracondílea de la pierna izquierda; después de eso, su condición mejoró. Un mes después fue dada de alta. Conclusiones: el EGG puede causar infecciones potencialmente mortales, como FN, miositis, y/o SSTE. El EGG por lo general afecta a pacientes ancianos con estados comórbidos y ocasionalmente a sujetos sanos.
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Artrite Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Miosite/diagnóstico , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artrite Infecciosa/microbiologia , Fasciite Necrosante/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Miosite/microbiologia , Choque Séptico/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicaçõesRESUMO
Whole-transcriptome expression profiling provides novel phenotypes for analysis of complex traits. Gene expression measurements reflect quantitative variation in transcript-specific messenger RNA levels and represent phenotypes lying close to the action of genes. Understanding the genetic basis of gene expression will provide insight into the processes that connect genotype to clinically significant traits representing a central tenet of system biology. Synchronous in vivo expression profiles of lymphocytes, muscle, and subcutaneous fat were obtained from healthy Mexican men. Most genes were expressed at detectable levels in multiple tissues, and RNA levels were correlated between tissue types. A subset of transcripts with high reliability of expression across tissues (estimated by intraclass correlation coefficients) was enriched for cis-regulated genes, suggesting that proximal sequence variants may influence expression similarly in different cellular environments. This integrative global gene expression profiling approach is proving extremely useful for identifying genes and pathways that contribute to complex clinical traits. Clearly, the coincidence of clinical trait quantitative trait loci and expression quantitative trait loci can help in the prioritization of positional candidate genes. Such data will be crucial for the formal integration of positional and transcriptomic information characterized as genetical genomics.
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Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Expressão Gênica , Linfócitos/fisiologia , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Gordura Subcutânea/fisiologia , Adulto , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , RNA/genética , RNA/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is the most common cause of antepartum hospitalization. Currently little is known about neonatal morbidity in late preterm period. OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term morbidity of infants born at term (37 0/7-41 0/7 weeks gestational age) of low-risk pregnancies with newborns in the late preterm period (34 0/7 to 36 6/7 weeks gestational age) of low-risk pregnancies. MATERIAL AND METHOD: retrospective study of births in the Hospital Metropolitano, Secretaria de Salud del Estado de Nuevo León (Mexico) between January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007. The study included preterm births in the late period of low risk pregnancies in spontaneous labor, and three control cases matched at term of the same features for each of the late preterm. Neonatal complications were compared among those born in the late preterm period to term infants. RESULTS: Late preterm births accounted for 2.2% of births and had higher incidences of respiratory distress syndrome, longer hospital stay, jaundice requiring phototherapy and hypoglycemia than those born at term. CONCLUSION: Late preterm births are a vulnerable group with significant neonatal morbidity. It is necessary to design strategies to improve neonatal outcomes in late preterm group.
Assuntos
Doenças do Prematuro/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Doença da Membrana Hialina/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Icterícia Neonatal/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Necrotizing fasciitis associated to group A streptococcus (S. pyogenes) infection is a deep-seated infection of the subcutaneous tissue that results in progressive destruction of fascia and fat, with a high mortality rate due to a rapid progression of the illness to shock and multiple organ dysfunction. The challenge is to perform a prompt diagnosis because it is often confused with a minor soft-tissue infection. This infection should be aggressively treated with systemic antimicrobials, surgical debridement, and critical care. We present two cases of necrotizing fasciitis associated to infection with Streptococcus pyogenes patients developed myonecrosis and toxic shock syndrome within the following 24 hours after admission. In addition, we reviewed the pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome and discuss published treatment recommendations.
Assuntos
Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico , Fasciite Necrosante/microbiologia , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus pyogenes , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: emerging evidence suggests that elevated liver enzymatic activity is associated with diabetes. The purpose was to investigate the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and its relationship between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed diabetes in family medicine practice. METHODS: a cross-sectional prospective analytic study was conducted in a representative sample of 100 patients aged 25 to 60 years who underwent to a screening for diabetes. Risk factors, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein were evaluated. The relationships between liver enzymes, undiagnosed diabetes and IFG were analyzed through c(2) and Student's t test to identify differences in continuous variables. RESULTS: the prevalence found in undiagnosed diabetes were ALT 16.9 %, AST 15.8 % and GGT 20.6 % and in IFG were 76.3 %, 68.4 % and 77.8 % respectively. The relationships between elevated ALT (0.001) and GGT (0.000) with undiagnosed diabetes and IFG were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: elevated ALT or GGT raise the possibility of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in family practice.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Enzimas/metabolismo , Jejum/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Fígado/enzimologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Catheter related infections (CRI) and bloodstream infection (BSI) associated to central venous catheter (CVC) is cause of frequent hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and a major reason of morbidity and mortality among patients and it is itself an indicator of quality health care. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of CRI and BSI and to identify the hospital areas where they occurred over a five-year period. METHODS: A prospective study from 2004 to 2008 in a population of hospitalized patients who required the use of CVC was made. The HAI team detected the appearance of CRI during a daily routine surveillance. RESULTS: During the period of observation, 176 BSI were detected, accounting for 11 % of all HAI, and represented the third place in frequency. Incidence rate for 1000 catheter-days varied from 2.7 in 2006 to 5.4 in 2008; 57 % of these BSI were detected in the intensive care units. Candida spp. accounted as the more frequently isolated microorganism with predominance of C. parapsilosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results and the incidence rate found in our study occurred within rates established in other studies.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/sangue , Infecção Hospitalar/sangue , Humanos , Incidência , Vigilância da População , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, CAPD survival has been analyzed in few studies from the center of the country. However, there are concerns that such results may not represent what occurs in other province centers of our country, particularly in our geographical area. AIM: To evaluate the patient and technique survival on CAPD of a single center of the west of Mexico, and compare them with other reported series. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care, teaching hospital located in Guadalajara, Jalisco. PATIENTS: Patients from our CAPD program (1999-2002) were retrospectively studied. Interventions. Clinical and biochemical variables at the start of dialysis and at the end of the follow-up were recorded and considered in the analysis of risk factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Endpoints were patient (alive, dead or lost to follow-up) and technique status at the end of the study (June 2002). RESULTS: 49 patients were included. Mean patient survival (+/- SE) was 3.32 +/- 0.22 years (CI 95%: 2.9-3.8 years). Patients in the present study were younger (39 +/- 17yrs), had larger body surface area (1.72 +/- 0.22 m2), lower hematocrit (25.4 +/- 5.2%), albumin (2.6 +/- 0.6g/dL), and cholesterol (173 +/- 44 mg/dL), and higher urea (300 +/- 93 mg/dL) and creatinine (14.9 +/- 5.6 mg/ dL) than those in other Mexican series. In univariate analysis, the following variables were associated (p < 0.05) to mortality: pre-dialysis age and creatinine clearance, and serum albumin and cholesterol at the end of follow-up. In multivariate analysis, only pre-dialysis creatinine clearance (RR 0.66, p = 0.03) and age (RR 1.08, p = 0.005) significantly predicted mortality. Mean technique survival was 2.83 +/- 0.24 years (CI 95%: 2.4-3.3). Pre-dialysis age (p < 0.05), peritonitis rate (p < 0.05), and serum phosphorus at the end of follow-up (p < 0.05) were associated with technique failure in univariate analysis, while in multivariate analysis, only pre-dialysis age (RR 1.07, p = 0.001) and peritonitis rate (RR 481, p < 0.0001) were technique failure predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Patients from this single center of the west of Mexico were younger, had higher body surface area and initiated peritoneal dialysis with a more deteriorated general status than patients reported in other Mexican series; in spite of the latter, patient and technique survival were not different. In our setting, pre-dialysis older age and lower CrCl significantly predicted mortality, while older predialysis age and higher peritonitis rate predicted technique failure.
Assuntos
Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Creatinina/sangue , Falha de Equipamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hematócrito , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/mortalidade , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Peritoneal Ambulatorial Contínua/efeitos adversos , Peritonite/epidemiologia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Albumina Sérica/análise , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Introducción: La coexistencia asma-rinitis alérgica es frecuente en nuestro medio. No hay consenso en la naturaleza de dicha relación y ni muchos estudios que la expliquen. Objetivo: Ver la correlación entre la severidad de asma y rinitis alérgica (RA) en niños asmáticos que acuden a la emergencia del HNCH y al CM FAP San Gabino. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo. Se empleó el cuestionario ISAAC, para la evaluación de RA en niños con crisis de asma en la emergencia de ambos centros. Se calificó el asma de fondo según los criterios del GINA y para RA los del ARIA. Luego, se evaluaron algunas características de la historia asmática de cada niño. Resultados: Se reunieron 229 niños, de 2 a 14 años (diciembre 2002 a diciembre 2003). El 67% tuvo rinitis y el 60%, asma intermitente. Se encontró a mayor gravedad de asma, mayor proporción de pacientes con rinitis (p=0,005). La frecuencia de los síntomas de RA fue determinante para la severidad asmática (p=0,012). El 67% de los pacientes con rinitis tuvo más de dos crisis de asma por año (p=0,003). A mayor número de crisis de asma/año, mayor proporción de niños con RA más graves (p<0,03). El 63% de los niños con buena tolerancia al ejercicio no tenía rinitis o presentaba formas leves del RA (p=0,036). El coeficiente de Spearman entre el tiempo asintomático de asma y la severidad de RA fue -0,142 (p=0,004). Conclusión: Para el estudio, los niños asmáticos más comprometidos tuvieron mayor severidad de RA. La RA podría estar actuando como un agravante del cuadro asmático de fondo, pudiendo existir una correlación directa entre amabas enfermedades.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Asma , Criança , Estado Asmático , Rinite Alérgica Perene , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the association between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and some factors that may influence breastfeeding in a closely related population attending a private hospital sponsored by a major Mexican brewing company. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective hospital-based unmatched case-control study. A sample of 124 mother-newborn couples was interviewed in a private medical unit in Monterrey, Mexico, from January 2001 to January 2002. The association between EBF and 11 explanatory factors was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Counseling and early contact between mother-newborn couples were positively associated with EBF. CONCLUSION: Counseling and early contact improve EBF practice. We believe these two practices would favor better adherence to EBF in other populations.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Aconselhamento , Adolescente , Adulto , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Unidades Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães/psicologia , Período Pós-Parto , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Fundamento: el objetivo principal de este estudio fue investigar la fuerza de asociación entre la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva y un grupo de factores relacionados con la lactancia materna en una población cerrada atendida en un hospital privado administrado por una empresa cervecera mexicana para atender a sus trabajadores. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio hospitalario retrospectivo de casos y controles no pareados. De enero de 2001 a enero de 2002, se estudió una muestra de 124 parejas madre hijo en una unidad médica privada en Monterrey, México. Se determinó la asociación entre lactancia materna exclusiva y 11 factores relacionados por análisis bivariado para calcular razones de momios. Resultados: la consejería en lactancia y el contacto temprano entre las parejas madre hijo se encontraron asociadas positivamente a la lactancia materna exclusiva. Conclusión: la consejería en lactancia y el contacto temprano favorecen la lactancia materna exclusiva y se propone promoverlos en otras poblaciones.
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the association between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and some factors that may influence breastfeeding in a closely related population attending a private hospital sponsored by a major Mexican brewing company. Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective hospital based unmatched case control study. A sample of 124 mother-newborn couples was interviewed in a private medical unit in Monterrey, Mexico, from January 2001 to January 2002. The association between EBF and 11 explanatory factors was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Counseling and early contact between mother-newborn couples were positively associated with EBF. Conclusion: Counseling and early contact improve EBF practice. We believe these two practices would favor better adherence to EBF in other populations.