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INTRODUCTION: Globally, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), represents more than 30% of all types of cancers in children aged between 0 and 9 years. In Peru, it has not been evaluated whether exclusive breastfee ding (EB) is a protective factor for ALL. OBJECTIVE: To identify the protective and risk factors associa ted with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children aged between 0 and 13 years in a national hospital in Lima, Peru. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational, analytical study, case-control design. 112 cases diagnosed with ALL and 229 controls were evaluated. The data were collected by interviews with the mothers of both groups. The magnitude of the association between ALL and EB was estimated using the odds ratio (OR) and multivariate logistic regression in Stata v 12. RESULTS: 50.9% (57/112) of the cases and 51.5% (118/229) of the controls were male. The mean age of the cases was 6.7 ± 3.2 years and of the controls 5.7 ± 3.5 years. The mean age of the mothers of the cases was 35.9 ± 6.5 and of the controls was 34.1 ± 7.1 years. EB reduces the risk of ALL by 44% compared with those who did not receive it, OR 0.56, p = 0.017, 95% CI (0.35-0.90). Complete secondary education reduces the risk of ALL by 62%, OR 0.38 CI 95% (0.15-0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breastfeeding and the mother's complete secondary education are protective factors for the development of ALL in children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Mães/educação , Razão de Chances , Peru/epidemiologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/epidemiologia , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Introducción: La actual pandemia por un nuevo coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) ha cobrado la salud y la vida de muchas personas mundialmente. Esto genera un impacto negativo en la salud mental del personal de salud, lo cual incluye a estudiantes de medicina. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de ansiedad presente en estudiantes de medicina del primer año de una universidad privada, Lima-Perú. Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 57 estudiantes de una universidad privada en Lima-Perú. Se aplicó la escala para medir el Desorden de Ansiedad Generalizada-7 (GAD-7). Los datos fueron analizados mediante tablas de frecuencias y de contingencia, además se realizó el análisis bivariado aplicando las pruebas estadísticas X2 y T de Student. Resultados: El 75,4% de los estudiantes de medicina manifestaron algún grado de ansiedad. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo femenino y ansiedad (p = 0,045). Así mismo, no hubo asociación entre las variables edad y ansiedad (p = 0,058). Conclusión: Los estudiantes de medicina de primer año evidenciaron niveles altos de ansiedad durante la actual pandemia, siendo las mujeres entre quienes la ansiedad se presenta con mayor frecuencia. Se hace oportuno el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención en los centros universitarios para el cuidado de la salud mental de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud.
Introduction: The current pandemic due to a new coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) has claimed the health and lives of many people worldwide. This has a negative impact on the mental health of health personnel, which includes medical students. Objective: To determine the degree of anxiety present in first-year medical students from a private university, Lima-Peru. Methods: The sample consisted of 57 students from private university in Lima Perú. The scale was applied to measure Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The data were analyzed using frequency and contingency tables, in addition bivariate analysis was performed applying the statistical tests X2 and Student's t. Results: 75.4% of the medical students manifested some degree of anxiety. A statistically significant association was found between female sex and anxiety (p = 0.045). Likewise, there was no association between the variables age and anxiety (p = 0.058). Conclusion: First-year medical students showed high levels of anxiety during the current pandemic, with women being among those who anxiety occurs more frequently. The development of intervention strategies in university centers for the care of mental health of health sciences students is timely.
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Conocer si existen diferencias en las características demográficas, clínicas y radiológicas entre los pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar (TB) y pacientes con TB y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (TB+DM2). Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva. Se compararon las características clínicas de los pacientes según el sexo, la edad, el tiempo de negativización del esputo, la presencia de cavitación así como la tasa de curación, duración del tratamiento y la proporción del cambio en el esquema del tratamiento antituberculoso en pacientes con y sin DM2 atendidos por el Programa de Control de Tuberculosis entre 2010 y 2012 en la Red Asistencial Rebagliati de Lima, Perú. Resultados. Se incluyeron 31 pacientes con TB+DM2 y 144 pacientes con TB. Se encontraron diferencias (p<0,05) en el método de diagnóstico, el promedio de síntomas y en el patrón de resistencia de TB entre los pacientes con y sin DM2. La presencia de cavitación fue más frecuente en los pacientes con TB+DM2; ser paciente de TB+DM2 retraso la negativización del BK de esputo (RRa 4,16; IC 95 %: 1,1û1,6) en el análisis de regresión de Cox ajustado. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en las características demográficas, clínicas y radiológicas en los pacientes con tuberculosis con y sin DM2. El periodo de negativización del esputo es mayor en los pacientes con DM2...
To determine whether there are demographic, clinical and radiological differences among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and patients with TB and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2 + TB). Materials and methods. Observational retrospective cohort study. We compared the clinical characteristics of patients according to sex, age, time to sputum conversion to negative, presence of cavitation and the cure rate, duration of treatment and the proportion of change of treatment regimen, in patients with and without DM2 served by the Tuberculosis Control Program from 2010 to 2012 in the Rebagliati Healthcare Network of Lima, Peru. Results. 31 patients with TB+DM2 and 144 patients with TB were included. Differences (p<0.05) in the diagnostic method, the average of symptoms and the resistance pattern of TB among patients with and without DM2 were found. The presence of cavitation was more frequent in patients with TB + DM2. Having TB + DM2 delayed the time to sputum smear conversion to negative (RRa 4.16, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6) in the adjusted Cox regression analysis. Conclusions. There are differences in demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics in TB patients with and without DM2.The time to sputum conversion to negative is greater in patients with DM2...
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Coortes , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/terapia , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there are demographic, clinical and radiological differences among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and patients with TB and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2 + TB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational retrospective cohort study. We compared the clinical characteristics of patients according to sex, age, time to sputum conversion to negative, presence of cavitation and the cure rate, duration of treatment and the proportion of change of treatment regimen, in patients with and without DM2 served by the Tuberculosis Control Program from 2010 to 2012 in the Rebagliati Healthcare Network of Lima, Peru. RESULTS: 31 patients with TB+DM2 and 144 patients with TB were included. Differences (p<0.05) in the diagnostic method, the average of symptoms and the resistance pattern of TB among patients with and without DM2 were found. The presence of cavitation was more frequent in patients with TB + DM2. Having TB + DM2 delayed the time to sputum smear conversion to negative (RRa 4.16, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6) in the adjusted Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics in TB patients with and without DM2.The time to sputum conversion to negative is greater in patients with DM2.