RESUMO
Individuals who have been exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and have not been infected might possess natural resistance mechanisms. An understanding of the sociodemographic and immunological conditions that influence resistance to HIV is a challenge, and very little is known about the role of intrinsic antiviral factors that restrict HIV infection. The aim of this study was to analyze potential factors responsible for resistance to HIV infection in serodiscordant couples by comparing HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESN) to HIV-seropositive individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (HIV-ART) along with healthy controls (HC). The results revealed one HLA-B*27 and two HLA-B*57 individuals among the HESN; a CCR5Δ32 heterozygous deletion was observed in one serodiscordant couple, while the homozygous genotype for this variant was not observed. There were no differences in the basal mRNA expression of APOBEC3G, CFLAR, TRIM5α, LEDGF/p75, BST-2, or SAMHD1 in CD4(+) T lymphocyte- and monocyte-enriched populations among the three groups, and lower HBD-3 concentrations were observed in saliva from HIV-ART compared to HESN and HC. The most prevalent HIV-1 subtype was C or C-containing recombinant forms. Six HIV-ART individuals and one HIV-ART individual were infected with the R5 HIV and X4 HIV strains, respectively. The ability to control infection or delay disease progression is probably defined by a balance between viral and host factors, and further evaluation should be performed in larger cohorts. Our data suggest that susceptibility to HIV infection varies among individuals and strengthens the multifactorial characteristics underlying the resistance mechanisms in HIV.
Assuntos
Resistência à Doença , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Características da Família , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Fatores Imunológicos/genética , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a visão de periodontistas de Porto Alegre sobre aspectos relacionados ao entendimento e à sistemática de manutenção periódica preventiva. Sessenta e um dos oitenta periodontistas registrados em Porto Alegre participaram do presente estudo, respondendo a um questionário sobre como entendem a fase de manutenção periodontal. A maioria (86,9%) entende que o intervalo de manutenção deve ser variável de acordo com características individuais. Fatores de risco às doenças foram apontados como os motivos que levam à escolha do intervalo de rechamadas. 73,8% dos entrevistados cobra o mesmo valor para consultas de tratamento e de manutenção e mais de 90% encara que a diferença entre manutenção e retratamento está vinculada à recidiva de doença. 81,9% dos periodontistas realiza a consulta de manutenção em uma única visita e a maioria considera que a doença periodontal é curável. A análise dos resultados permite concluir que o paciente com doença periodontal tem a oportunidade de ser tratado mantido em saúde periodontal. É importante que o periodontista conheça individualmente seu paciente para assim estabelecer uma frequência dessa manutenção.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the opinion of periodontists from Porto Alegre about aspects related to the understanding the clinical approach to periodic maintenance. Sixty one periodontists registered in the city participated in this study, answering to a questionnaire about how the face periodontal maintenance. The majority (86.9%) thinks that the maintenance interval should be variable, depending on individual characteristics. Risk factors were pointed as the reasons tochoose the recall intervals. 73.8% of the interviewed dentists charges the same amount of money for treatment and maintenance appointments and more than 90% thinks that the difference between maintenance and retreatment is linked to disease recurrence. 81.9% of the periodontists performs maintenance in one single visit and the majority considers periodontal disease a disease that can be cured. The analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that the periodontal patient has the opportunity of being treated and maintained in a healthy status. It is important that the periodontistaindividually know his patient in order to establish the frequency of this maintenance.