RESUMO

The quality and diversity of leaf litter are important variables in determining the availability of energy in detritus-based food webs. These factors can be represented by the stoichiometric proportion between carbon and multiple nutrients, and the mixture of litter from different taxonomic and/or functional origins. In aquatic ecosystems, factors that accelerate litter decomposition can influence the secondary productivity of planktonic microbiota, which act as a link between litter and higher trophic levels. This study aimed to analyze the influence of litter quality and diversity on the oviposition behavior of medically important mosquitoes. We hypothesized that both factors would have a positive effect on the attraction of female mosquitoes and would stimulate a greater amount of oviposition. To test this hypothesis, microcosms containing isolated leaf litter leachates from four plant species were used to manipulate gradients of litter quality, and microcosms with all leachates combined were used to test the effects of litter diversity. The results showed a positive effect of litter quality (p < 0.05) on mosquito oviposition rate, with lower C:P ratio litter species (high-quality litter) presenting higher oviposition rates than litter species with high C:P ratios (low-quality litter). However, contrary to our expectations, litter diversity had a negative effect (p = 0.002) on the magnitude of egg-laying by mosquitoes. Our results highlight the importance of litter quality and diversity for insect reproductive behavior. Our data shows that litter quality can serve as a crucial indicator of a suitable environment utilized by female mosquitoes for oviposition. This finding can enhance our ability to understand and develop effective methods for mitigating the reproduction of medically significant mosquitoes, whether by allowing us to predict, based on the composition of vegetation species, areas more prone to mosquito infestation, or by using high-quality litter in oviposition traps. Furthermore, maintaining vegetation diversity can help control mosquito reproduction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the clinical-pathological aspects of cardiac hypertrophy related to the presence of Corynebacterium spp. in three Didelphis albiventris cubs. In necropsy, macroscopically, in the heart, cardiomegaly, concentric hypertrophy of the ventricles and the ventricular septum were observed, with consequent reduction of the chamber. Microscopically, the primary lesions found in the heart were cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and necrosis, myocytolysis, and the presence of myriad basophilic bacteria. Liver fragments and endocardial swabs were sent for bacterial culture, in which pleomorphic Gram-positive rods grew, forming small and hemolytic colonies. Chemical tests demonstrated characteristics compatible with Corynebacterium spp. Thus, this report represents the first description of cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in white-eared opossums cubs, representing an essential contribution to studying diseases in wild animals.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Australian Cattle Dogs (ACD) are medium-sized animals widely used in fieldwork for managing cattle and sheep. There needs to be more information about the conditions these dogs can develop despite being well-characterized animals since the beginning of the 20th century. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a developmental abnormality between the femoral head and the acetabular fossa, which can be debilitating. However, the available literature has no studies on the prevalence of this condition in dogs of this breed. This study aimed to evaluate radiographs of ACD qualitatively and quantitatively. For this purpose, 49 dogs considered healthy without clinical signs of HD were radiographically assessed, and the animals were classified as dysplastic (D) and non-dysplastic (ND). A frequency of 46.9% of dysplastic dogs was observed, with males being more affected. The cortical index (CI) and angle of inclination (AI) could not differentiate D from ND animals; only the Norberg angle (NA) was effective in this differentiation. No correlation was observed between AI, CI, and AN.(AU)

Os cães da raça Autralian Cattle Dog (ACD) são animais de porte médio, muito utilizados no trabalho de campo para manejo de gado e ovelha. Apesar de serem animais bem caracterizados desde o início do século XX, há poucas informações sobre afecções que esses cães podem desenvolver. A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma anormalidade do desenvolvimento entre a cabeça do fêmur e a fossa acetabular podendo ser debilitante. Contudo, não há estudos, na literatura disponível, sobre a prevalência desta afecção em cães dessa raça. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qualitativamente e quantitativamente radiografias de cães da raça ACD. Para tanto, foram avaliados radiograficamente 49 cães considerados hígidos e sem sinais clínicos de DCF. Os animais foram classificados em displásicos (D) e não displásicos (ND). Observou-se a frequência de 46,9% de cães displásicos, sendo os machos mais acometidos. O índice cortical (IC) e o ângulo de inclinação (AI) não foram capazes de diferenciar os animais D dos ND, apenas o ângulo de Norberg (AN) foi eficaz nessa diferenciação. Não houve correlação entre AI, IC e AN.(AU)

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

This paper reports on two cases of laparoscopic nephrotomy employed in the treatment of canine dioctophymosis, which is considered a unusual procedure and a new treatment proposal heretofore not performed in veterinary medicine. Two patients were treated, one with a history of hematuria and the other with incidental finding of the parasite in the abdominal cavity during elective ovariohysterectomy. Both dogs were subjected to abdominal ultrasound, which produced images indicating the presence of the parasite in the right side kidney, but with partial parenchymal preservation. The patients were therefore subjected to laparoscopic nephrotomy. The surgical procedure was effective in treating dioctophymosis and enabled minimum tissue invasion during surgery, in addition to preservation of the kidney.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cardiac measurement by chest X-ray is very important in the cardiac characterization of dogs and cats, however, the wild animal clinic has a different reality. Opossums (Didelphis albiventris) are part of the Brazilian fauna and are frequently referred for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the thorax of skunks and establish the average of VHS and VLAS for these animals. Chest radiographs were performed in lateral and ventrodorsal projections to measure the VHS and VLAS, thoracic depth and tracheal diameter. The mean VHS was 7.85 (± 0.3) for males and 8.12 (± 0.5) for females and the measured VLAS was 1.19 (± 0.2) for both sexes. The mean value for thoracic depth was 1.13 (± 0.03) and the ratio between the diameter of the chest inlet and the diameter of the trachea was 0.25 (± 0.02), with no significant differences between the sexes. This is the first study that addresses the thoracic evaluation by tracheal and cardiac measurements of skunks through radiographic examination.(AU)

A mensuração cardíaca por meio de radiografia de tórax é muito importante na caracterização cardíaca de cães e gatos, porém, a clínica de animais silvestres tem uma realidade diferente. Os gambás (Didelphis albiventris) fazem parte da fauna brasileira e são frequentemente encaminhados para avaliação clínica e para avaliação radiográfica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o tórax de gambás e estabelecer a média de VHS e VLAS para esses animais. Foram realizadas radiografias de tórax em projeções laterais e ventro dorsais, para mensuração do VHS e VLAS, a profundidade torácica e o diâmetro traqueal. O VHS médio foi de 7,85 (± 0,3) para os machos e 8,12 (± 0,5) para as fêmeas e o VLAS mensurado foi de 1,19 (± 0,2) para ambos os sexos. O valor médio da profundidade torácica foi 1,13 (± 0,03) e a relação entre o diâmetro da entrada do tórax e o diâmetro da traqueia foi de 0,25 (± 0,02), sem diferenças significativas entre os sexos. Este é o primeiro estudo que aborda a avaliação torácica a medida traqueal e cardíaca de gambás por meio de exame radiográfico.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O megaesofago adquirido é uma causa pouco frequente de regurgitação em caninos. O diagnóstico é confirmado por radiografias simples ou contrastadas o caso de uma cadela de 9 anos com histórico de regurgitação por seis meses e endoscopia, tomografia, cintilografia ou ressonância magnética. Este trabalho relata Qualittas exames radiográficos simples e contrastados sem evidência de megaesofago. A esofagografia foi repetida por meio do fornecimento de contraste de bário misturado confirmar o megaesofago. Apesar de essa técnica ser pouco realizada, é um método a alimento comercial seco para cães, que permitiu evidenciar a dilatação esofágica e alternativo eficaz no diagnóstico de megaesofago canino, principalmente quando as demais abordagens radiográficas forem inconclusivas.(AU)

Diagnosis is confirmed by simple or contrast radiographs, endoscopy, tomography. dogs scintigraphy, or magnetic resonance imaging. Esophagography with barium sulfate contrast is the most commonly used method, however, it may be inconclusive dilation marking does not occur. This paper reports the case of a 9-year-old female dog, with a history of regurgitation over six months, simple and contrast radiographic exams showing no evidence of megaesophagus. The esophagography exam was repeated with the addition of barium contrast mixed with commercial dry pet food which verified esophageal dilatation and confirmed megaesophagus. Although this aluno de graduação technique is not widely used, it is an effective alternative method for diagnosis of canine.(AU)

El megaesofago adquirido es una causa poco frecuente de regurgitación en caninos. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de radiografías simples y contrastadas. endoscopia, tomografía, centellografía o resonancia magnética. Este trabajo relata el caso de una perra de 9 años, con histórico de regurgitación de seis meses y exámenes radiográficos simples e contrastados sin evidencia de megaesofago. La esofagografia fue repetida utilizando contraste de bario mezclado con un alimento comercial seco para perros, que permitió diagnosticar la distensión esofágica, confirmando asi el megaesofago. A pesar de ser una técnica poco utilizada, la misma resultó ser un método alternativo eficiente en el diagnóstico de megaesófago adquirido canino, principalmente cuando las otras técnicas radiográficas no son conclusivas.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O megaesofago adquirido é uma causa pouco frequente de regurgitação em caninos. O diagnóstico é confirmado por radiografias simples ou contrastadas o caso de uma cadela de 9 anos com histórico de regurgitação por seis meses e endoscopia, tomografia, cintilografia ou ressonância magnética. Este trabalho relata Qualittas exames radiográficos simples e contrastados sem evidência de megaesofago. A esofagografia foi repetida por meio do fornecimento de contraste de bário misturado confirmar o megaesofago. Apesar de essa técnica ser pouco realizada, é um método a alimento comercial seco para cães, que permitiu evidenciar a dilatação esofágica e alternativo eficaz no diagnóstico de megaesofago canino, principalmente quando as demais abordagens radiográficas forem inconclusivas.

Diagnosis is confirmed by simple or contrast radiographs, endoscopy, tomography. dogs scintigraphy, or magnetic resonance imaging. Esophagography with barium sulfate contrast is the most commonly used method, however, it may be inconclusive dilation marking does not occur. This paper reports the case of a 9-year-old female dog, with a history of regurgitation over six months, simple and contrast radiographic exams showing no evidence of megaesophagus. The esophagography exam was repeated with the addition of barium contrast mixed with commercial dry pet food which verified esophageal dilatation and confirmed megaesophagus. Although this aluno de graduação technique is not widely used, it is an effective alternative method for diagnosis of canine.

El megaesofago adquirido es una causa poco frecuente de regurgitación en caninos. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de radiografías simples y contrastadas. endoscopia, tomografía, centellografía o resonancia magnética. Este trabajo relata el caso de una perra de 9 años, con histórico de regurgitación de seis meses y exámenes radiográficos simples e contrastados sin evidencia de megaesofago. La esofagografia fue repetida utilizando contraste de bario mezclado con un alimento comercial seco para perros, que permitió diagnosticar la distensión esofágica, confirmando asi el megaesofago. A pesar de ser una técnica poco utilizada, la misma resultó ser un método alternativo eficiente en el diagnóstico de megaesófago adquirido canino, principalmente cuando las otras técnicas radiográficas no son conclusivas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Anorexia, the result of inadequate nutrient intake, can lead to death and is a constant problem in the feline clinic. However, we did not find any previous studies that evaluated cardiac measures in felines. Therefore, we evaluated 27 emaciated cats by means of hematological exams, urinalysis, and electrocardiography. In the serum, we noted increased creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate enzyme levels. Further, 62.96% of the cats exhibited electrocardiographic alterations. The most frequent electrocardiographic changes were increased QRS complex duration and QT interval increase. As clinicians become more aware of cardiovascular complications related to malnutrition, they are better able to recognize and assist this animal class.(AU)

A anorexia é resultante do consumo inadequado de nutrientes, pode levar ao óbito e é um problema constante na clínica de felinos. Porém não se encontram avaliações cardíacas na espécie felina. Portanto, avaliaram-se por meio de exames hematológicos, de urinálise e eletrocardiográficos 27 gatos emaciados. Observaram-se aumento nas enzimas séricas creatina quinase, aspartato aminotrasnferase e Lactato, além de alterações eletrocardiográficas em 62,96% dos gatos. As alterações eletrocardiográficas mais encontradas foram aumento na duração do complexo QRS e aumento no intervalo QT. Á medida que os clínicos se tornam mais conscientes das complicações cardiovasculares relacionados a desnutrição são mais capazes de reconhecer e auxilar melhor essa classe animal.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Anorexia, the result of inadequate nutrient intake, can lead to death and is a constant problem in the feline clinic. However, we did not find any previous studies that evaluated cardiac measures in felines. Therefore, we evaluated 27 emaciated cats by means of hematological exams, urinalysis, and electrocardiography. In the serum, we noted increased creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate enzyme levels. Further, 62.96% of the cats exhibited electrocardiographic alterations. The most frequent electrocardiographic changes were increased QRS complex duration and QT interval increase. As clinicians become more aware of cardiovascular complications related to malnutrition, they are better able to recognize and assist this animal class.

A anorexia é resultante do consumo inadequado de nutrientes, pode levar ao óbito e é um problema constante na clínica de felinos. Porém não se encontram avaliações cardíacas na espécie felina. Portanto, avaliaram-se por meio de exames hematológicos, de urinálise e eletrocardiográficos 27 gatos emaciados. Observaram-se aumento nas enzimas séricas creatina quinase, aspartato aminotrasnferase e Lactato, além de alterações eletrocardiográficas em 62,96% dos gatos. As alterações eletrocardiográficas mais encontradas foram aumento na duração do complexo QRS e aumento no intervalo QT. Á medida que os clínicos se tornam mais conscientes das complicações cardiovasculares relacionados a desnutrição são mais capazes de reconhecer e auxilar melhor essa classe animal.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Oral magnesium for leg cramps treatment in pregnancy is a controversial issue according to recent Cochrane systematic review. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Mg++ supplementation in leg cramps treatment in pregnancy. METHODS: This observational clinical trial studied 132 pregnant women with leg cramps in the first trimester of pregnancy. At baseline, 74 (56.3%) had two leg cramps episodes per week, 28 (21.1%) three episodes, 13 (9.8%) four episodes and 9 (6.8%) five or more episodes. They were randomized 1:1 to 300 mg/day of oral Mg++ citrate (n = 66) or placebo (n = 66). The primary outcome was the frequency of leg cramps episodes per week reported by pregnant women. Secondary outcomes were the ocurrence of leg cramps and oral magnesium side effects. RESULTS: 130 pregnant women completed the study and the two groups were comparable according to some sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. After 4 weeks of intervention it was observed a 28.4% (39/132) (CI 95%: 20.9-37.0) reduction of leg cramps in all participants and no difference between the two groups was found; reduction of 27.2% (18/66) (CI 95%: 17.0-39.6) in Mg++ group and 32.8% (21/66) (CI 95%: 21.6-45.7) in the placebo group. The OR of leg cramps was 1.3 (CI 95%: 0.6-2.9), p = 0.527, taking the placebo group as reference. Among pregnant women who remained with leg cramps the mean of leg cramps episodes per week showed no significance difference between the Mg++ and placebo groups; t-student test: p = 0.408. Four pregnant women showed gastrointestinal side effects; 2 in each group had nauseas and diarrhoea. CONCLUSION: Oral magnesium supplementation during pregnancy did not reduce the ocurrence and frequency of episodes of leg cramps.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Cases of renal fibrous osteodystrophy are usually associated with nutritional causes, which of renal causesare considered uncommon in dogs. This disorder is characterized by the intense proliferation of fibrous connective tissue inbones, impairing bone stiffness. The aim of this study was to report a case of fibrous osteodystrophy secondary to chronickidney disease in a canine with a “rubber jaw” facial deformity.Case: A 4-year-old male unneutered mongrel dog weighing 5.2 kg had a history of apathy, progressive weight loss andvomiting for one month, and polyuria and polydipsia for more than three months. In addition, the owner complained aboutthe deformed appearance in the muzzle region of the animal, which was evidenced flexibility of the same, with a displacement of the mandible and maxilla on physical examination, similar to the “rubber jaw”. Blood tests revealed macrocyticanemia, elevated total plasma proteins, and lymphopenia-associated neutrophilia, as well as hyperphosphatemia (24 mg/dL), uremia (283.6 mg/dL) and increased creatinine (8.6 mg/dL), ALT (143.2 UI/L) and alkaline phosphatase (3222.2UI/L), while calcium (8.8 mg/dL) and albumin (1.9 g/dL) were decreased. A serological test for visceral leishmaniasis wasalso performed, which was negative. Abdominal ultrasound imaging revealed kidneys with alterations in tissue architecture, increased thickness and complete loss of cortico-medullary relationship, while the parathyroid gland was enlargedand spindle-shaped. Cranial radiography showed marked radiopacity of the bilateral maxillary bones, with destructionof the nasal, turbinate and frontal bones, as well as loosening of the teeth and destruction of the mandibular bone matrix,characterizing an aspect of “rubber jaw”. Based on the history, history and evidence of azotemia, hyperphosphatemia andloss of facial bone density, the diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy secondary to chronic kidney...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Cases of renal fibrous osteodystrophy are usually associated with nutritional causes, which of renal causesare considered uncommon in dogs. This disorder is characterized by the intense proliferation of fibrous connective tissue inbones, impairing bone stiffness. The aim of this study was to report a case of fibrous osteodystrophy secondary to chronickidney disease in a canine with a “rubber jaw” facial deformity.Case: A 4-year-old male unneutered mongrel dog weighing 5.2 kg had a history of apathy, progressive weight loss andvomiting for one month, and polyuria and polydipsia for more than three months. In addition, the owner complained aboutthe deformed appearance in the muzzle region of the animal, which was evidenced flexibility of the same, with a displacement of the mandible and maxilla on physical examination, similar to the “rubber jaw”. Blood tests revealed macrocyticanemia, elevated total plasma proteins, and lymphopenia-associated neutrophilia, as well as hyperphosphatemia (24 mg/dL), uremia (283.6 mg/dL) and increased creatinine (8.6 mg/dL), ALT (143.2 UI/L) and alkaline phosphatase (3222.2UI/L), while calcium (8.8 mg/dL) and albumin (1.9 g/dL) were decreased. A serological test for visceral leishmaniasis wasalso performed, which was negative. Abdominal ultrasound imaging revealed kidneys with alterations in tissue architecture, increased thickness and complete loss of cortico-medullary relationship, while the parathyroid gland was enlargedand spindle-shaped. Cranial radiography showed marked radiopacity of the bilateral maxillary bones, with destructionof the nasal, turbinate and frontal bones, as well as loosening of the teeth and destruction of the mandibular bone matrix,characterizing an aspect of “rubber jaw”. Based on the history, history and evidence of azotemia, hyperphosphatemia andloss of facial bone density, the diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy secondary to chronic kidney...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Dioctophyme renale is a worldwide known nematode of dogs and other domestic and wild species, being uncommon in cats. Some findings of D. renale parasitism in dogs and other wild species are reported in Brazil; but only two cases were recorded in domestic cats. This study aimed to report renal parasitism of D. renale in domestic cat assisted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics from the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, in Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; which were the first successfully diagnosed and treated case in this species. The patient had signs of urethral obstruction. D. renale eggs were detected through urinalysis, and parasite location was categorized as being in the entire medullary area of the right kidney by ultrasound exam. Right nephrectomy was established as therapy, once this organ was destroyed. A 20-cm long female and a 12-cm long male were removed with the right kidney, besides another 16-cm long male from left perirenal region. After 10 days of surgery, the patient was completely recovered from urinary dysfunction, being ready for hospital discharge.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo conhecido mundialmente que parasita cães e outras espécies domésticas bem como espécies selvagens, sendo incomum em gatos. No Brasil, existem alguns relatos do parasitismo em cães e espécies domésticas, mas somente dois casos foram relatados em gatos domésticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o relato de um gato doméstico que foi acometido pelo parasitismo de D. renale, na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e foi o primeiro animal diagnosticado e tratado com sucesso nesta espécie. O paciente foi apresentado para atendimento após sinais clínicos de obstrução uretral. Ao exame comum de urina, foram detectados ovos de D. renale. Com o uso do exame de ultrassonografia, foi detectada a localização renal do parasito com destruição total do parênquima deste órgão. O tratamento efetivado foi a realização de uma nefrectomia total unilateral. Uma fêmea e um macho de 20 cm e 12 cm de comprimento, respectivamente, foram removidos do rim excisado e um macho de 16 cm removido da região perirenal esquerda. Após 10 dias do procedimento, o paciente estava completamente recuperado das alterações urinárias.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study aimed to evaluate by radiographic examination the action of electroacupuncture on gastric motility in experimental animals. We used 24 Wistar rats, three months old, that received five metallic spheres, via orogastric tube (OT), with 2mL of barium contrast, followed by treatments: electroacupuncture points E36 and BP6 (T1); electroacupuncture in stitches (T2); sterile distilled water OT (T3); metoclopramide OT (T4). After treatment, serial radiographs, hourly, were made to follow the gastric emptying time of the spheres in rats. By analyzing the time of exit of the first sphere, animals in the group T1 had an average of 3h30min; at T2 the average was higher 6 hours; in T3 was 5h18min, and T4 showed an average of 4h36min. The action of electroacupuncture was comparable to the action of metoclopramide, which is know to increase peristalsis, whereas the response of the Shan group (T2) was close to the negative control group. Considering the results it was concluded that electroacupuncture at points predetermined significantly increases gastric peristalsis, reducing gastric emptying time in rats, may be an option for the treatment of motility disorders.(AU)

O estudo objetivou avaliar através de exame radiográfico, a ação da eletroacupuntura na motilidade gástrica de animais experimentais. Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar, três meses de idade, que receberam cinco esferas metálicas via sonda orogástrica (SO) com 2mL de contraste baritado, seguido dos tratamentos: eletroacupuntura nos pontos BP6 e E36 (T1); eletroacupuntura em pontos falsos (T2); água destilada estéril SO (T3); metoclopramida SO (T4). Após os tratamentos, foram feitas radiografias seriadas, de hora em hora, para acompanhar o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico das esferas nos ratos. Ao analisar o momento de saída das primeiras esferas, os animais do grupo T1 apresentaram uma média de 3h30min; no T2 a média foi maior que 6h, no T3 foi de 5h18min e no T4 de 4h36min. A ação da eletroacupuntura foi comparável à ação da metoclopramida, que sabidamente aumenta o peristaltismo, enquanto que a resposta do grupo Shan (T2) aproximou-se do grupo controle negativo. Diante dos resultados conclui-se que a eletroacupuntura nos pontos pré-determinados aumenta significativamente o peristaltismo gástrico, diminuindo assim o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico em ratos, podendo ser uma opção para o tratamento de distúrbios da motilidade.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Dioctophyme renale is a worldwide known nematode of dogs and other domestic and wild species, being uncommon in cats. Some findings of D. renale parasitism in dogs and other wild species are reported in Brazil; but only two cases were recorded in domestic cats. This study aimed to report renal parasitism of D. renale in domestic cat assisted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics from the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, in Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; which were the first successfully diagnosed and treated case in this species. The patient had signs of urethral obstruction. D. renale eggs were detected through urinalysis, and parasite location was categorized as being in the entire medullary area of the right kidney by ultrasound exam. Right nephrectomy was established as therapy, once this organ was destroyed. A 20-cm long female and a 12-cm long male were removed with the right kidney, besides another 16-cm long male from left perirenal region. After 10 days of surgery, the patient was completely recovered from urinary dysfunction, being ready for hospital discharge.

Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo conhecido mundialmente que parasita cães e outras espécies domésticas bem como espécies selvagens, sendo incomum em gatos. No Brasil, existem alguns relatos do parasitismo em cães e espécies domésticas, mas somente dois casos foram relatados em gatos domésticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o relato de um gato doméstico que foi acometido pelo parasitismo de D. renale, na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e foi o primeiro animal diagnosticado e tratado com sucesso nesta espécie. O paciente foi apresentado para atendimento após sinais clínicos de obstrução uretral. Ao exame comum de urina, foram detectados ovos de D. renale. Com o uso do exame de ultrassonografia, foi detectada a localização renal do parasito com destruição total do parênquima deste órgão. O tratamento efetivado foi a realização de uma nefrectomia total unilateral. Uma fêmea e um macho de 20 cm e 12 cm de comprimento, respectivamente, foram removidos do rim excisado e um macho de 16 cm removido da região perirenal esquerda. Após 10 dias do procedimento, o paciente estava completamente recuperado das alterações urinárias.

RESUMO

Dioctophyme renale is a worldwide known nematode of dogs and other domestic and wild species, being uncommon in cats. Some findings of D. renale parasitism in dogs and other wild species are reported in Brazil; but only two cases were recorded in domestic cats. This study aimed to report renal parasitism of D. renale in domestic cat assisted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics from the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, in Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; which were the first successfully diagnosed and treated case in this species. The patient had signs of urethral obstruction. D. renale eggs were detected through urinalysis, and parasite location was categorized as being in the entire medullary area of the right kidney by ultrasound exam. Right nephrectomy was established as therapy, once this organ was destroyed. A 20-cm long female and a 12-cm long male were removed with the right kidney, besides another 16-cm long male from left perirenal region. After 10 days of surgery, the patient was completely recovered from urinary dysfunction, being ready for hospital discharge.

Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo conhecido mundialmente que parasita cães e outras espécies domésticas bem como espécies selvagens, sendo incomum em gatos. No Brasil, existem alguns relatos do parasitismo em cães e espécies domésticas, mas somente dois casos foram relatados em gatos domésticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o relato de um gato doméstico que foi acometido pelo parasitismo de D. renale, na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e foi o primeiro animal diagnosticado e tratado com sucesso nesta espécie. O paciente foi apresentado para atendimento após sinais clínicos de obstrução uretral. Ao exame comum de urina, foram detectados ovos de D. renale. Com o uso do exame de ultrassonografia, foi detectada a localização renal do parasito com destruição total do parênquima deste órgão. O tratamento efetivado foi a realização de uma nefrectomia total unilateral. Uma fêmea e um macho de 20 cm e 12 cm de comprimento, respectivamente, foram removidos do rim excisado e um macho de 16 cm removido da região perirenal esquerda. Após 10 dias do procedimento, o paciente estava completamente recuperado das alterações urinárias.

RESUMO

The study aimed to evaluate by radiographic examination the action of electroacupuncture on gastric motility in experimental animals. We used 24 Wistar rats, three months old, that received five metallic spheres, via orogastric tube (OT), with 2mL of barium contrast, followed by treatments: electroacupuncture points E36 and BP6 (T1); electroacupuncture in stitches (T2); sterile distilled water OT (T3); metoclopramide OT (T4). After treatment, serial radiographs, hourly, were made to follow the gastric emptying time of the spheres in rats. By analyzing the time of exit of the first sphere, animals in the group T1 had an average of 3h30min; at T2 the average was higher 6 hours; in T3 was 5h18min, and T4 showed an average of 4h36min. The action of electroacupuncture was comparable to the action of metoclopramide, which is know to increase peristalsis, whereas the response of the Shan group (T2) was close to the negative control group. Considering the results it was concluded that electroacupuncture at points predetermined significantly increases gastric peristalsis, reducing gastric emptying time in rats, may be an option for the treatment of motility disorders.

O estudo objetivou avaliar através de exame radiográfico, a ação da eletroacupuntura na motilidade gástrica de animais experimentais. Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar, três meses de idade, que receberam cinco esferas metálicas via sonda orogástrica (SO) com 2mL de contraste baritado, seguido dos tratamentos: eletroacupuntura nos pontos BP6 e E36 (T1); eletroacupuntura em pontos falsos (T2); água destilada estéril SO (T3); metoclopramida SO (T4). Após os tratamentos, foram feitas radiografias seriadas, de hora em hora, para acompanhar o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico das esferas nos ratos. Ao analisar o momento de saída das primeiras esferas, os animais do grupo T1 apresentaram uma média de 3h30min; no T2 a média foi maior que 6h, no T3 foi de 5h18min e no T4 de 4h36min. A ação da eletroacupuntura foi comparável à ação da metoclopramida, que sabidamente aumenta o peristaltismo, enquanto que a resposta do grupo Shan (T2) aproximou-se do grupo controle negativo. Diante dos resultados conclui-se que a eletroacupuntura nos pontos pré-determinados aumenta significativamente o peristaltismo gástrico, diminuindo assim o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico em ratos, podendo ser uma opção para o tratamento de distúrbios da motilidade.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Dioctophyme renale is a worldwide known nematode of dogs and other domestic and wild species, being uncommon in cats. Some findings of D. renale parasitism in dogs and other wild species are reported in Brazil; but only two cases were recorded in domestic cats. This study aimed to report renal parasitism of D. renale in domestic cat assisted at the Hospital of Veterinary Clinics from the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, in Pelotas city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; which were the first successfully diagnosed and treated case in this species. The patient had signs of urethral obstruction. D. renale eggs were detected through urinalysis, and parasite location was categorized as being in the entire medullary area of the right kidney by ultrasound exam. Right nephrectomy was established as therapy, once this organ was destroyed. A 20-cm long female and a 12-cm long male were removed with the right kidney, besides another 16-cm long male from left perirenal region. After 10 days of surgery, the patient was completely recovered from urinary dysfunction, being ready for hospital discharge.

Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo conhecido mundialmente que parasita cães e outras espécies domésticas bem como espécies selvagens, sendo incomum em gatos. No Brasil, existem alguns relatos do parasitismo em cães e espécies domésticas, mas somente dois casos foram relatados em gatos domésticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o relato de um gato doméstico que foi acometido pelo parasitismo de D. renale, na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e foi o primeiro animal diagnosticado e tratado com sucesso nesta espécie. O paciente foi apresentado para atendimento após sinais clínicos de obstrução uretral. Ao exame comum de urina, foram detectados ovos de D. renale. Com o uso do exame de ultrassonografia, foi detectada a localização renal do parasito com destruição total do parênquima deste órgão. O tratamento efetivado foi a realização de uma nefrectomia total unilateral. Uma fêmea e um macho de 20 cm e 12 cm de comprimento, respectivamente, foram removidos do rim excisado e um macho de 16 cm removido da região perirenal esquerda. Após 10 dias do procedimento, o paciente estava completamente recuperado das alterações urinárias.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the cardiopulmonary effects, the onset time after the administration of a detomidine/ketamine combination, and the recovery from anesthesia of cougars (Puma concolor) anesthetized with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane for abdominal ultrasound imaging. Fourteen animals were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: GISO (n=7) and GSEVO (n=7). Chemical restraint was performed using 0.15mg/kg detomidine combined with 5mg/kg ketamine intramuscularly; anesthesia induction was achieved using 2mg/kg propofol intravenously and maintenance with isoflurane (GISO) or sevoflurane (GSEVO). The following parameters were assessed: heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, rectal temperature, central venous pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. The time to sternal recumbency (TSR) and time to standing position (TSP) were also determined. There was not statistically significant difference for the cardiopulmonary variables or TSP whereas TSR was significantly shorter in GSEVO. The time to onset of anesthesia was 11.1±1.2 minutes and 11.3±1.8 minutes for GISO and GSEVO, respectively. The anesthesia of cougars with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane was conducted with safety, cardiopulmonary stability, and increased time to sternal recumbency in the GISO group.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a recuperação anestésica de onças-pardas (Puma concolor) submetidas à anestesia com detomidina/cetamina e isofluorano ou sevofluorano para avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal. Para isso, foram utilizados 14 animais divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais GISO (n=7) e GSEVO (n=7). Foram submetidos à contenção química com detomidina 0,15mg/kg associada à cetamina 5mg/kg pela via intramuscular, induzidos com propofol 2mg/kg pela via intravenosa e mantidos com isofluorano (GISO) ou sevofluorano. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: frequência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica saturação de oxihemoglobina, temperatura retal, pressão venosa central e fração expirada de dióxido de carbono. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal e posição quadrupedal também foram avaliados. Não houve diferença estatística para as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e no tempo para adoção da posição quadrupedal. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal foi significativamente menor no GSEVO em relação ao GISO. Concluiu-se que a anestesia de onças pardas com detomidina/cetamina e isoflurano ou sevoflurano foi realizada de maneira segura, com estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e com aumento no tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal no GISO.

Assuntos