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This study is a comprehensive analysis of the oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) and its environmental and health impacts. The researchers conducted a bibliometric analysis and scoping review, screening 569 articles and selecting 368 for further analysis. The study found that OP is an emerging field of study, with a notable increase in the number of publications in the 2010s compared to the early 2000s. The research is primarily published in eight journals and is concentrated in a few academic and university-based institutions. The study identified key research hotspots for OP-PM, emphasizing the importance of capacity building, interdisciplinary collaboration, understanding emission sources and atmospheric processes, and the impacts of PM and its OP. The study highlighted the need to consider the effects of climate change on OP-PM and the regulatory framework for PM research. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of PM and its consequences, including human exposure and its effects. It will also inform strategies for managing air quality and protecting public health. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the field of OP-PM research and highlights the need for continued research and collaboration to address the environmental and health impacts of PM.

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This study provides a comprehensive overview and bibliometric analysis of air pollution research in Chile from 1980 to 2022. The analysis reveals a significant increase in scientific production, a 9.2 annual growth rate, and an H-index of 60. The research spans 33 countries and is influenced by environmental sciences, meteorology, and atmospheric sciences journals. The top ten authors account for 33.49 % of all publications, with local institutions contributing more than 35 %. The University of Chile and the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile are significant contributors. The most cited articles focus on health impacts and various pollutant sources, emphasizing air pollution as a critical public health concern. The study also emphasizes environmental science, meteorology, and atmospheric science, focusing on topics such as air pollution and health, pollutants, models, sources and chemistry, and social sciences. The findings are affirmed through rigorous discussion and review, providing a roadmap for future research, guiding decision-making processes, and expanding the knowledge frontier in the field.

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The implementation of confinement and physical distancing measures to restrict people's activities and transit in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to study how these measures affect the air quality in urban areas with high pollution rates, such as Santiago, Chile. A comparative study between the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NOx, CO, and O3 during the months of March to May 2020 and the corresponding concentrations during the same period in 2017-2019 is presented. A combination of surface measurements from the air quality monitoring network of the city, remote satellite measurements, and simulations of traffic activity and road transport emissions allowed us to quantify the change in the average concentrations of each pollutant. Average relative changes of traffic emissions (between 61% and 68%) implied statistically significant concentrations reductions of 54%, 13%, and 11% for NOx, CO, and PM2.5, respectively, during the pandemic period compared to historical period. In contrast, the average concentration of O3 increased by 63% during 2020 compared to 2017-2019. The nonlinear response observed in the pollution levels can be attributed to the changes in the vehicular emission patterns during the pandemic and to the role of other sources such as residential emissions or secondary PM.

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Actualmente las condiciones que afectan la salud de la población y reducen su expectativa de vida son en gran parte patologías crónicas no transmisibles y en cierta medida prevenibles; están fundamentalmente representadas por las enfermedades del aparato cardiovascular, las neoplasias malignas y las asociadas a la fragilidad de la población senescente como las patologías neurodegenerativas. Por ello, tener herramientas preventivas aplicables a la gran mayoría de la población se hace indispensable para evitar la muerte prematura y la disminución de la calidad de vida. Los patrones dietéticos juegan un importante rol condicionando la predisposición y respuesta a determinadas patologías. Dado los beneficios que la dieta mediterránea ha mostrado respecto de las patologías previamente referidas y la amplia disponibilidad de recursos naturales, productivos y culinarios con que Chile cuenta podría considerarse su implementación como un importante recurso sanitario de cara al perfil clínico que se espera para nuestra población.

Currently most conditions which affect people´s health and reduce their life expectancy are chronic, non- transmissible and, to a certain extent, preventable; cardiovascular disease, malignant neoplasms, pathologies associated with fragility in the senescent population, and neurodegenerative conditions. Thus, to prevent premature death and reduction in quality of life, it is essential to have measures which can be applied to most of the population. Dietary patterns play an important role in conditioning the predisposition to and response to certain pathologies. Given the benefits seen in the aforementioned pathologies and the availability of natural, productive and food resources in Chile, the implementation of the Mediterranean diet could be viewed as an important sanitary resource, given the expected clinical picture in our population.

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INTRODUCTION: The deleterious effects of aging are well known. However, not all reach this stage in similar circumstances, which relates to the cumulative functional reserve, where the history of physical activity (PA) is critical. Thus, physical performance is directly linked to functional capacity (FC), that’s why studies that investigate the impact of PA in life are needed. PURPOSE: To determine the difference in functional fitness components between life-long physically active, currently active and sedentary older adults. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational analytic study. We evaluated 76 independent older adults (OA), divided into 3 groups according to PA history: life-long physically active (ATV) (n=20), currently active (AA) (n=38) and sedentary (S) (n=18). Senior Fitness Test (SFT) battery was applied to evaluate the FC components. RESULTS: In AA and S groups, the predominant sex was female. The average age of participants was 66.4 + 5.4 years for ATV, 70.9 + 6.6 years for AA and 71.4 + 5.8 years for S. Among the ATV and S, and between ATV and AA differences were significant (p <0.01) in the performance of the sit to stand test, arm curl test, 2 minutes step test, and 4,8 mts. Up and Go test. There were no significant differences between AA and S groups for the variables studied. CONCLUSION: The AA and S groups shows no significant differences in the components of the CF, but both showed inferior performance than ATV group.

INTRODUCTION: Los deterioros del envejecimiento son ampliamente conocidos. Sin embargo, no todos alcanzamos esta etapa en iguales condiciones, lo cual se relaciona con la reserva funcional acumulada, donde el historial de actividad física (AF) es fundamental. Así, el rendimiento físico está vinculado directamente a la capacidad funcional (CF), haciéndose necesario su estudio para indagar el impacto de la AF realizada durante la vida. OBJETIVO: Determinar la diferencia en los componentes de la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores, activos de toda la vida, actualmente activos y sedentarios de diversas asociaciones de Valdivia. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal. Se evaluaron a 76 adultos mayores(AM) autovalentes divididos en 3 grupos según historial de AF: activos de toda la vida (ATV) (n=20), actualmente activos (AA) (n=38) y sedentarios (S) (n=18). En todos fue aplicada la batería Senior Fitness Test (SFT) para evaluarla CF. RESULTADOS: En los AM AA y S predominó el sexo femenino. El promedio de edad fue 66,4 + 5,4 años para los AM ATV, 70,9 + 6,6 años para los AA y 71,4 + 5,8 años para los S. Entre los ATV-S y ATVAA existieron diferencias significativas (p<0,01)en las pruebas pararse-sentarse, flexiones de brazo, pasos 2 minutos e ir y venir en 4,8 metros. No existieron diferencias significativas entre los AM AA y S para las variables estudiadas. CONCLUSIONES: Los AM AA y S no muestran diferencias significativas en los componentes de la CF, pero ambos registraron un rendimiento inferior al compararse con los AM ATV.

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The Mexican Government developed a plan in 2004 for pandemic influenza preparedness that included local production of influenza vaccine. To achieve this, an agreement was concluded between Birmex - a state-owned vaccine manufacturer - and sanofi pasteur, a leading developer of vaccine technology. Under this agreement, sanofi pasteur will establish a facility in Mexico to produce antigen for up to 30 million doses of egg-based seasonal vaccine per year, and Birmex will build a facility to formulate, fill and package the inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine. As at November 2010, the sanofi pasteur facility has been completed and the Birmex plant is under construction. Most of the critical equipment has been purchased and is in the process of validation. In addition to intensive support from sanofi pasteur for the transfer of the technology, the project is supported by the Mexican Ministry of Health, complemented by Birmex's own budget and grants from the WHO developing country influenza technology transfer project.

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