RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Care plans provide guidelines to offer all patients the same quality assistance. Care plans constitute a base where every stage of the nursing process can be recorded, which will save time when handling documentation. Bolivian nurses are very keen to participate in this global trend in order to grasp the opportunity offered by the international cooperation programmes carried out between Spain and South America. AIMS: To identify obstacles and enablers encountered when implementing the nursing process and to set clear strategies and actions so as to develop the nursing process and care plans in Santa Cruz department (Bolivia) both in hospitals and universities. METHODS: The participatory action research was conducted between the Autonomous University of Gabriel René Moreno (Bolivia) and the University of Almería (Spain). The procedure for data collection included meetings with key informants, interviews, observation and workshops. Data were analysed using the constant comparison and categorized by common themes. RESULTS: Lack of time and instruments, shortage of resources and the need for continuous training came up as obstacles, whereas enablers were the nurses' involvement, the university-hospital coordination and the support given by institutions. Actions taken were the creation of a care plan unit, the implementation of a training programme, design of instruments and meetings held with authorities and institutional representatives. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting action research schemes within international cooperation programmes signifies an excellent opportunity for the nursing system in less-developed countries to be included in international plans with the aim of standardizing the nursing practice.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Implementação de Plano de Saúde/organização & administração , Cooperação Internacional , Processo de Enfermagem/normas , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Bolívia , Humanos , Padrões de Referência , EspanhaRESUMO
The scoliosis is a disease that affects the three-dimensional shape of the spine, which may occur at any stage of life but mainly arises from 10 years of age, and it is everyone's job (doctors, physiotherapists and teachers) responsible for managing the schoolchild to detect this spinal deformity. Therefore, we included a number of objectives in our study; first to detect the spinal disorder (scoliosis) in the school population from 8 to 12 years of Granada province; to establish the relationships between age groups and gender in people with scoliosis in the province of Granada; and finally to determine whether the occurrence of such changes have a greater impact on certain geographical areas in Granada province. Thus, this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study of a school population (n=2,956) in the province of Granada analyzed the positive clinical signs using the Adams Test on individuals with scoliosis. Of the 16 % (n=472) of schoolchildren who had scoliosis, 57.6 % (n=272) were male. The distribution of children from 8 to 12 years is fairly homogeneous with no differences seen (p=0.62) and highlight areas of higher incidence of scoliosis in zone 5 (Alpujarra-Valle of Lecrín). We conclude that there are no significant differences in scoliosis as regards age group (8 to 12 years), but there is an increasing trend towards the male gender. Differences can also be observed in the seven areas of study defined by work, environmental, genetic and consanguinity factors.