RESUMO
ß-Glucan, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a biological response modifier which affects the innate and adaptive immune responses. The CCR5 chemokine receptor is crucial for immune cell responses. In this study, the effects of the carboxymethylated form of ß-glucan (CM-G) on the lymphocyte population of CCR5 genotype patients with prostate cancer (PCa), undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was assessed. The CCR5 genotype and lymphocyte population was investigated by cytometry flow in 30 Brazilian patients with advanced PCa who were treated with CM-G for 28 days. The analysis of the CCR5 chemokine receptor revealed that the wild-type genotype Wt/Wt was present in 80% of patients, while the heterozygotic genotype Wt/delta32 was present in 20% of patients. After CM-G administration, a significant increase in CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes was observed in patients who displayed the wild-type genotype for the CCR5 chemokine receptor. No association was found between patient's age or length of ADT and increase in T lymphocyte cells. The results demonstrated the ability of CM-G to stimulate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the peripheral blood of patients carrying a wild-type CCR5 genotype, suggesting an interaction between immunomodulation by CM-G and the CCR5 receptor.
Assuntos
Glucanos/uso terapêutico , Polimorfismo Genético , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Receptores CCR5/genética , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Antígenos CD/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
O melaço de cana-de-açúcar é uma fonte de carbono alternativa de menor custo que a glicose tradicionalmente utilizada em processos fermentativos. No presente estudo, um biopolímero solúvel de Agrobacterium radiobacter k84 (ARB) foi obtido por fermentação utilizando melaço de cana de açúcar como fonte de carbono em um processo com rendimento de 10,0 g.L-1. O ARB é composto de minerais (40%), carboidratos (35%) e proteínas (15%). O teste do efeito citotóxico do ARB in vitro nas concentrações de 2,5 mg/mL, 5,0 mg/mL e 10,0 mg/mL em células LLC MK2 (Rim de Macaco Rhesus) revelou uma concentração citotóxica 50% (CC50) de 9,32 mg/mL. Em estudo in vivo de toxicidade oral durante 30 dias, camundongos Swiss receberam por gavagem soluções de ARB nas concentrações de 5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL e 150 mg/mL (aproximadamente 25 mg/kg/dia, 75 mg/kg/dia, 250 mg/ kg/dia e 750 mg/kg/dia). Os resultados não apresentaram sinais hematológicos ou histopatológicos de efeitos adversos, levando a definir a dose sem efeito adverso observado (NOAEL) como 150 mg/mL (aproximadamente 750 mg/kg/dia).
Sugar cane molasses is a cheaper carbon source alternative than glucose traditionally used in fermentation processes. In the present study a biopolymer soluble from Agrobacterium radiobacter k84 (ARB) was obtained by fermentation using sugar cane molasses as a carbon source in a process with yield of 10.0 g.L-1. The ARB is composed by minerals (40%), carbohydrate (35%) and protein (15%). In vitro test of the cytotoxic effect of ARB at concentrations 2.5 mg/mL, 5.0 mg/mL and 10.0 mg/mL in LLC MK2 (Rhesus Monkey Kidney) cells revealed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 9.32 mg/mL. In a 30-day in vivo oral toxicity study, Swiss mice were administered ARB by gavage at 5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL (approximately 25 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, 250 mg/kg/day and 750 mg/kg/day). The results did not present any hematological or histopathological signs of adverse effects, leading us to define the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) as 150 mg/mL (approximately 750 mg/kg/day).