RESUMO
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative bacterium of porcine enzootic pneumonia and one of the primary etiologic agents of the porcine respiratory disease complex. Most Brazilian commercial pig farms are positive for this pathogen. However, the prevalence of the pathogen in backyard pig farms has not been described, to our knowledge. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae in backyard pig farms in the state of Paraná, Brazil. In January-March 2020, we collected 585 serum samples from pigs in 187 non-vaccinated herds. We tested the sera with an indirect ELISA for anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibodies and found that 182 of 585 (31.1%) samples were positive, and were found in 109 of 187 (58.3%) herds assessed.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Suínos , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/imunologia , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/microbiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Despite their propensity for significant infectious and mechanical complications, tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) have become a common means of vascular access in the world for patients requiring chronic hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease. The objective of this study was to explore if cryopreserved solutions of the thrombolytic agent alteplase could be used as an effective, safe, and economically reasonable alternative in hemodialysis patients with occluded tunneled CVC. Patients requiring chronic hemodialysis and presenting with occluded tunneled CVC received a sufficient volume of the alteplase solution to fill the occluded catheter. To make alteplase economically feasible, it was diluted to 1-mg/mL aliquots and they were stored at -20°C until use. Eighty-one patients accounting for 179 attempted clearances were assessable for efficacy. One hundred forty-seven (82.1%) of the 179 catheter clearance attempts resulted in successful catheter clearance after one dose. Twenty-seven (15.1%) of all occluded CVCs were successful after two doses whereas five (2.8%) were not. No adverse events were reported. Cryopreserved 1-mg/mL aliquots of alteplase are safe and effective in the clearance of occluded CVC for hemodialysis patients.
Assuntos
Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Diálise Renal/instrumentação , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARD) coexists with arterial obstructive disease in the coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arteries that may remain underdiagnosed and untreated. METHODS: This retrospective study compares overall survival and renal survival (i.e., time to doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease (ESRD)) over an 11-year period in 104 ARD patients of whom 68 received statin therapy (group S) because of elevated lipid levels and 36 had no statin (group NS) because of normal lipid profile at entry. RESULTS: Atherosclerosis in another vascular bed was documented in 84%. Lipid profiles at end point were virtually identical in both the groups. Group S had mean survival 123months (confidence interval (CI) 113-134) with four deaths, and mean renal survival 122months (CI 113-131). Group NS had mean survival 33 months (CI 23-42) with 13 deaths, and mean renal survival 27 months (CI 17-37). CONCLUSIONS: Statin therapy was associated with lesser rate of progression of renal insufficiency (with 7.4% of S patients reaching renal end points vs. 38.9% of NS patients) and lower overall mortality (5.9 % in S vs. 36.1% in NS patients), P < 0.001 for both. Although both groups received what was deemed optimal therapy, they did have other differences that may have affected the outcomes (a limitation addressed by Cox multiple regression analysis). These results suggest the need for prospective randomized controlled studies in ARD patients in order to explore potential benefits of statins that may not be attributable solely to lipid lowering.