RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Propolis has long been used as a popular folk medicine due to its wide spectrum of alleged biological and pharmaceutical properties. In Chile, propolis is widely used by folklore medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent; however, this property has not been demonstrated by scientific methods. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro and to establish the phenolic profile of propolis collected in two localities in Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RM), Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Propolis was collected in the areas of Caleu and Buin, RM Chile. Following that, the samples were unwaxed to obtain the global ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs) and, from these, the serial extracts of dichloromethane (EEP-DCMs) and ethanol (EEP-EtOHs). The topic anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated through mice ear edema induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at a dose of 3 mg/ear. Nitric oxide (NO) measurements were determined spectrophotometrically (Greiss reagent) by the accumulation of nitrite in the medium of macrophages RAW 264.7 stimulated with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) for 20 h at different concentrations of the EEPs, EEP-DCMs and EEP-EtOHs (6.25-50.00 µg/mL). The content of total phenols and flavonoids were determined through the methods of Folin-Ciocalteau and AlCl3, respectively. The profile of phenolic compounds was determined by HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS: The EEP-EtOH (64%) and EEP (59%) of Buin were the most active in the inflammation induced by TPA and AA respectively, being the anti-inflammatory effect stronger than the same Caleu extracts. Regarding the release of NO, all the extracts from the Buin propolis inhibited significantly its release in a concentration-dependent manner, this inhibition was stronger than the extracts from Caleu propolis. CONCLUSIONS: Our research shows for the first time a comparative study of the topical in vivo activity of two Chilean propolis. Both propolis showed in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity against AA and TPA, the most active was Buin propolis and this difference is due in part to the variations in total phenols and flavonoids content and the phenolic profile. The phenols and flavonoids content of Buin propolis was higher than Caleu propolis. The extracts from Buin propolis result in a lower release of NO.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Misturas Complexas/uso terapêutico , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Própole , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Ácido Araquidônico , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Chile , Misturas Complexas/química , Misturas Complexas/farmacologia , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismo , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Acetato de TetradecanoilforbolRESUMO
Propolis is a complex hive product produced by honey bees, Apis mellifera. Its composition and biological activities depend on the vegetation where hives are placed. Propolis is often used as a food supplement. The aim of this research is to determine the antioxidant properties in vitro and the phenolic composition of six propolis collected from the region of Santiago of Chile. We obtained the ethanolic extracts dry and wax free (EEPs) and studied their antioxidant properties by FRAP, ORAC-FL, ORAC-PGR and DPPH radical methods. The total phenols were quantified by a spectrophotometric method and 30 phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Curacaví EEP has the highest relative abundance of caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) while Buin EEP has the highest relative abundance of caffeic acid benzyl ester and quercetin. Both have the highest antioxidant activity in vitro in all methods used. Our research shows, for the first time, a comparative analysis of the antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of six Chilean propolis. Pinobanksin is the only phenol present in the six samples of propolis so it may be a good candidate for the standardization of propolis ethanolic extracts in the region of Santiago.
RESUMO
Aim: To examine whether the depression is associated with periodontitis in elderly and to evaluate oral hygiene of these patients. Methods: One hundred and ninety one individuals aged 60 yearsor more were randomly selected. Periodontal examination was performed in full mouth by probing depth and clinical attachment loss in 6 sites for each tooth. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) per individual was also obtained. Depression was assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) to show how the elderly have been feeling during the last week. Results: Only SOHI was statistically significant (t = 4.7169, p<0.001), which better explains the variance in periodontal status. The variable GDS-15 revealed no significant values (t=0.3901, p=0.6971). Conclusions: There was no association between periodontitis and depression in elderly, but there was association between periodontitis and oral hygiene.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Depressão/complicações , Higiene Bucal , Periodontite/complicaçõesRESUMO
Dunalia spinosa, a plant used in folk medicine for toothaches, breathing problems and cleansing wounds, was found active as antimicrobial and antioxidant. A new (E)-aurone rutinoside (dunaurone) has been isolated from the aerial parts of the plant, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic means. Lupeol, beta-sitosterol, scopoletin, quercetin and withaferin A were also found. All the extracts exhibited strong antimicrobial activity while dunaurone showed only weak antimicrobial inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae; in addition it presented a significant free radical scavenging activity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanaceae/química , Antibacterianos/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Xantina Oxidase/metabolismoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Leaf extracts of Buddleja globosa (Buddlejaceae) are used in Chilean folk medicine for wound healing. The anti-inflammatory (topic and per os), analgesic (per os) effects and the antioxidant activity of Buddleja globosa were for the first time reported by us. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess the antinociceptive activity of the methanol sequential and global extracts using complementary chemical and thermal models of pain, characterize pharmacologically the antinociception induced, evaluate seasonal influence to support Buddleja globosa medicinal use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Global methanol, sequential methanol and ethanol (leaves collected in autumn and summer) extracts were evaluated for oral and topic analgesia in tail flick, formalin and writhing models, verbascoside and 7-O-luteolin glucoside were assayed in tail flick and writhing. Ibuprofen was used as reference. For characterization of induced antinociception, naltrexone, naltrindole, tropisetron, nor-binaltorphimine, prazosin, yohimbine, atropine, and N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester were used as antagonists and inhibitors drugs. RESULTS: Seasonal influence was observed since autumn extract resulted less active. Extracts showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in all assays, the highest effects were obtained for the formalin and writhing test. Verbascoside was more active than ibuprofen in the writhing test (67.6% and 50.0% at equimolar doses) and showed similar effects in the tail flick (topic and oral) near 25% at equivalent doses - ED25 or EC25 - to ibuprofen. Luteolin 7-O-glucoside was slightly more active in the tail flick test and nearly half active than verbascoside in the writhing assay. Effectiveness was higher for the sequential than for global alcoholic extracts, and can be increased by selective blocking of opioid receptors. Global methanol extract seems modulated only by naltrexone. CONCLUSIONS: Analgesic effect of Buddleja globosa is here demonstrated validating its use in traditional medicine. Season influence is important to be considered.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Buddleja/química , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Administração Cutânea , Administração Oral , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Chile , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glucosídeos/administração & dosagem , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Ibuprofeno/farmacologia , Luteolina/administração & dosagem , Luteolina/isolamento & purificação , Luteolina/farmacologia , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Camundongos , Medição da Dor , Fenóis/administração & dosagem , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Folhas de Planta , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Esta investigación se realizó considerando que el grupo poblacional de escolares debe constituirse en uno de los de mayor atención, ya que el riesgo de morbi-mortalidad es mayor, lo cual es importante desarrollar todo tipo de trabajos que logren mejorar de alguna forma la salud integral de éste grupo etáreo. Para iniciar el trabajo se consultó bibliografía referente al Programa de Salud Escolar, trabajo de Investigación realizado por las Internas Rotativas de Enfermería de la promoción 1984-1985, se realizó entrevistas a ejecutivos del Ministerio de Salud Pública como fuente de información. Para verificar nuestras hipótesis utilizamos dos instrumentos el uno como guía de observación para determinar características de infraestructura sanitario y funcional de los establecimientos, el otro dirigido a los recursos humanos que participaron en el Programa de Salud Escolar, a padres de familia de los niños de Primero y Sexto grado de las siete escuelas, profesores de primero y sexto grado, médico y enfermera del Hospital Cantonal de Yaruquí...