RESUMO
There are limited economic and reliable tools to monitor the effects of airborne particulate matter PM originating from rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and economic development. It is now well established that urban PM contains magnetic particles along with other air pollutants. The velocity and temporal variability of the deposition of such PM on tree leaves are subject to the pollution sources, climate, and local atmospheric conditions. Therefore, these variables have to be taken into account during a biomonitoring. This study presents a magnetic biomonitoring in the city of Querétaro. In the city's metropolitan area, the most abundant and perennial tree species for biomonitoring is Ficus benjamina. For leaves of this species, the number of days needed for collection NDNC was measured, taking into account the meteorological conditions and the time at which they reached the saturation of airborne PM (pollutants). By means of sequential sampling, we identified that the minimum NDNC after a rainfall > 3 mm is 15 days. In such a period, total suspended particle TSP depositions reach its dynamic equilibrium. This behavior can be observed from measurements of specific magnetic susceptibility χ in Ficus benjamina samples and their comparison with TSP depositions collected with traditional Hi-Vol monitoring systems. After the NDNC calculation, a magnetic monitoring was performed with the biomonitor Ficus benjamina to evaluate the air quality at different sites in the metropolitan area every month for a period of 5 months. Values of χ ranged from 0.45 to 18.52 × 10-8m3kg-1. The species Ficus benjamina can be used as a biomonitor in the city of Querétaro only in seasons (winter-spring) with no or low rainfall. The species has the advantage of providing current PM information about a specific period of time.
Assuntos
Poeira , Monitoramento Ambiental , Ficus , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Material Particulado , Folhas de Planta , Cidades , Poeira/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , México , Material Particulado/análise , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
The North American fossil otter Enhydritherium terraenovae is thought to be partially convergent in ecological niche with the living sea otter Enhydra lutris, both having low-crowned crushing teeth and a close association with marine environments. Fossil records of Enhydritherium are found in mostly marginal marine deposits in California and Florida; despite presence of very rich records of fossil terrestrial mammals in contemporaneous localities inland, no Enhydritherium fossils are hitherto known in interior North America. Here we report the first occurrence of Enhydritherium outside of Florida and California, in a land-locked terrestrial mammal fauna of the upper Miocene deposits of Juchipila Basin, Zacatecas State, Mexico. This new occurrence of Enhydritherium is at least 200 km from the modern Pacific coastline, and nearly 600 km from the Gulf of Mexico. Besides providing further evidence that Enhydritherium was not dependent on coastal marine environments as originally interpreted, this discovery leads us to propose a new east-to-west dispersal route between the Florida and California Enhydritherium populations through central Mexico. The proximity of the fossil locality to nearby populations of modern neotropical otters Lontra longicaudis suggests that trans-Mexican freshwater corridors for vertebrate species in riparian habitats may have persisted for a prolonged period of time, pre-dating the Great American Biotic Interchange.
Assuntos
Lontras , Animais , California , Ecossistema , Florida , FósseisRESUMO
Las glomerulonefritis agudas (GNA) constituyen un amplio grupo de enfermedades con la característica común de su comienzo brusco y la proliferación de las células endocapilares del glomérulo. Clínicamente se manifestan como síndrome nefrítico agudo: hematuria, insuficiencia renal aguda, hipertensión y proteinuria moderada, aunque pueden debutar como hematuria recurrente. Las GNA se pueden presentar en asociación con una variedad de infecciones bacterianas, víricas, micóticas y parasitarias, pero en la mayoría de los casos el estímulo antigénico inicial es desconocido. Los pacientes con glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva a menudo se presentan con aparición brusca de síntomas de la nefritis, como azoemia, oliguria, edema, hipertensión, proteinuria y hematuria con un «sedimento urinario activo¼ que suele contener cilindros hemáticos, pigmentados y restos celulares. En este artículo, dirigido a todo el personal de atención primaria y buscando aumentar su sensibilización hacia esta enfermedad, se exponen con mayor detalle la clínica, la etiopatogenia, la anatomía patológica y los tratamientos disponibles de una de las glomerulonefritis con mayor impacto en la sobrevida renal y del paciente.
Acute glomerulonephritis (GNA) is a wide group of diseases with the common characteristics of abrupt onset and proliferation of endocapillary glomerular cells. Clinically, they usually manifest as acute nephritic syndrome: hematuria, acute renal failure, hypertension and mild proteinuria, although they can appear as recurrent hematuria. GNA can be present in association with a variety of bacterial and viral infections, but in most cases the initial antigenic initiating stimulus is unknown. Patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis often present acute onset of manifestations of nephritis, such as azotemia, oliguria, edema, hypertension, proteinuria, and hematuria with «active¼ urine sediment that often contains red blood cell casts, pigmented casts, and cellular debris. This article, aimed at all primary care staff and seeking to increase their awareness of this disease, discusses in more detail the clinical, pathogenesis, pathology, and treatments available from one of the glomerulonephritis with greater impact on survival patient.
RESUMO
Los pacientes con falla renal terminal en proceso de diálisis tienen un riesgo mayor de infección por el virus de la hepatitis C que la población general. El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia actual de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C en los pacientes que asisten a terapia dialítica en las unidades de diálisis de Cali. Se estudiaron 999 pacientes y se encontraron 29 (2,9%) con anti-HCV reactivo mediante la prueba de Elisa de 3ª generación en estos pacientes; el RNA viral fue detectado por técnica de Real Time-PCR cualitativo-Amplicor Monitor 2.0 Roche Molecular Systems en 26 casos (89%). Conclusión: La prevalencia actual de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C en las unidades de diálisis de Cali es muy baja (2,9%), y es comparable a lo reportado en países industrializados.
The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among patients on dialysis is consistently higher than in healthy populations, suggesting that dialysis patients may be at higher risk of acquiring HCV infection. The aim of our study was to determinate the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in patients whom attend to dialysis facilities in Cali, Colombia. 999 patients were tested using the third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-3), 29 patients were Anti-HCV positive (2,9% prevalence). All Anti-HCV positive patients were tested to detect the HCV- RNA using a real time-PCR qualitative test (Amplicor Monitor 2.0 Roche Molecular Systems), 26/29 patients were HCV-RNA positive (89%). Conclusions: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the dialysis facilities in Cali (2.9%) is very similar to the prevalence reported by industrialized countries.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Anticorpos , Diálise , Hepatite CRESUMO
La glomerulonefritis es una enfermedad caracterizada por inflamación intraglomerular y proliferación celular asociada con hematuria. Los mecanismos tanto inmunes mediados por células como la parte humoral, juegan un papel importante en la patogénesis de la inflamación glomerular. El sistema de complemento se ha reconocido ampliamente y es importante en esta enfermedad. Evidencias de activación del complemento en gomerulonefritis tienen patrones característicos de disminución en su concentración sérica y algunos son virtualmente diagnósticos de ciertas nefritis. La enfermedad glomerular tiende a producir síndromes de disfunción renal específica; sin embargo, diferentes enfermedades glomerulares pueden producir síndromes semejantes. Se revisó la fisiopatología, historia natural y tratamiento de la hematuria asintomática, glomerulonefritis aguda, glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva y síndrome nefrótico
Assuntos
Glomerulonefrite , Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Hematúria , Deficiência de IgA , Síndrome NefróticaRESUMO
Análisis retrospectivo de 467 expedientes clínicos de pacientes radiadas por padecer cáncer ginecológico. Como resultados se señalan la mayor incidencia de complicaciones en mujeres operadas como parte de su tratamiento, sin establecer en la mayoría de los casos una correlación entre las características del tratamiento aplicado y la aparición de complicaciones.