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To better guide dengue prevention and control efforts, the use of routinely collected data to develop risk maps is proposed. For this purpose, dengue experts identified indicators representative of entomological, epidemiological and demographic risks, hereafter called components, by using surveillance data aggregated at the level of Consejos Populares (CPs) in two municipalities of Cuba (Santiago de Cuba and Cienfuegos) in the period of 2010-2015. Two vulnerability models (one with equally weighted components and one with data-derived weights using Principal Component Analysis), and three incidence-based risk models were built to construct risk maps. The correlation between the two vulnerability models was high (tau > 0.89). The single-component and multicomponent incidence-based models were also highly correlated (tau ≥ 0.9). However, the agreement between the vulnerability- and the incidence-based risk maps was below 0.6 in the setting with a prolonged history of dengue transmission. This may suggest that an incidence-based approach does not fully reflect the complexity of vulnerability for future transmission. The small difference between single- and multicomponent incidence maps indicates that in a setting with a narrow availability of data, simpler models can be used. Nevertheless, the generalized linear mixed multicomponent model provides information of covariate-adjusted and spatially smoothed relative risks of disease transmission, which can be important for the prospective evaluation of an intervention strategy. In conclusion, caution is needed when interpreting risk maps, as the results vary depending on the importance given to the components involved in disease transmission. The multicomponent vulnerability mapping needs to be prospectively validated based on an intervention trial targeting high-risk areas.
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OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to present the experience of the Institute of Forensic Sciences of Puerto Rico in facing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19. It has been found that some COVID-19 positive cases may continue to show post-mortem positive results for up to 49 days. METHODS: The in vitro technique of ID NOW COVID-19 was used in the analysis to evaluate the presence of SARS-Cov-2 in postmortem forensic cases. This isothermal method allows to amplify and identify the presence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase viral segment. Information on demographics, comorbidities, and the manner and cause of death was collected. RESULTS: A total of 612 subjects were sampled, of which 41 (6.7%) tested positive for COVID-19;14 (34.1%) of those subjects remained positive for more than 7 days Postmortem. Of the 41 positive cases, only 3 (7.3%) had been diagnosed with COVID-19 before their demise. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (36%), obesity (29%), and mental health conditions (50%). CONCLUSION: Results from postmortem COVID-19 testing revealed that some cadavers remain COVID-19 positive for a longer period than expected. Despite this, based on the information collected from the cases that were tested more than once, there is no direct correlation between the cause of death and persistent COVID-19 positivity. We recommend that additional investigations be carried out, in which investigations viral load and the maximum time of the infectious phase are specifically evaluated.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2 , Teste para COVID-19 , Autopsia , Ciências ForensesRESUMO
El presente artículo, es un ensayo, que permite hacer una reflexión sobre los elementos que integraron la formación de los estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia COVID 19, cuando de un día a otro se tuvo que transformar la educación y asumir cambios radicales, como dejar de ir a las aulas de manera presencial, para recibir la formación que permitiera el logro de las metas del perfil profesional de enfermería, a través de un medio digital remoto, como fue una pantalla de computador, tableta o celular. El año 2020 será sin duda, recordado por el impacto que generó en la metodología de enseñanza procedimental en Enfermería. Como docentes universitarios enfrentamos el reto de la formación de profesionales de enfermería, con la práctica de destrezas, desde la distancia, en modalidad sincrónica. La educación virtual permitió la incorporación de los elementos de aprendizaje de manera activa generando la información para la construcción del conocimiento en el saber, el ser y en el hacer como parte de las competencias que debían adquirir los estudiantes. Se enfrentaron retos como el de abordar el consumo de data, con un impacto económico sobre todo en el periodo de crisis económica.
Abstract This article is an essay that allows a reflection on the elements that made up the training of nursing students during the COVID 19 pandemic, when education had to be transformed, from one day to the next, and radical changes taken: namely, from not having in-person classes to receive the training, that would allow achieving the goals of the professional profile of nursing, to teaching with a remote digital medium, like a computer monitor, tablet or cell phone. The year 2020 will be remembered undoubtedly for the impact it generated on the procedural teaching methodology in Nursing. As university teachers, we face the challenge of training nursing professionals, through the practice of skills, from a distance, in a synchronous mode. Virtual education allowed the incorporation of learning elements in an active way generating information for the construction of knowledge in knowing, being, and doing as part of the skills that students should acquire. Challenges, such as dealing with data consumption with an economic impact, were especially faced during the economic crisis.
Resumo: Este artigo é um ensaio, que nos permite refletir sobre os elementos que integraram a formação dos alunos de enfermagem durante a pandemia COVID 19, quando de um dia para o outro a educação teve que ser transformada e mudanças radicais tiveram que ser assumidas, como parar de ir às salas de aula pessoalmente para receber a formação que permitiria o cumprimento das metas do perfil profissional de enfermagem, através de um meio digital remoto, como um computador, tablet ou celular. O ano de 2020 será, sem dúvida, lembrado pelo impacto que gerou na metodologia do ensino processual em Enfermagem. Como professores universitários enfrentamos o desafio de formar profissionais de enfermagem, com a prática de habilidades, à distância, na modalidade síncrona. A educação virtual permitiu a incorporação de elementos de aprendizagem de forma ativa gerando informações para a construção do conhecimento baseado no ser, no saber e no fazer como parte das habilidades que os alunos tinham que adquirir. Desafios foram enfrentados, como a abordagem do consumo de data, com impacto econômico especialmente no período de crise econômica.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação a Distância , Educação em Enfermagem , COVID-19 , Estudantes de EnfermagemRESUMO
Nursing staff in public hospitals face highly demanding working conditions, which are related to mental health and eating problems. The current study aimed to identify the most frequent work characteristics associated with mental health problems and eating behavior in nursing staff. A cross-sectional study was performed on a random sample of 190 nurses at a specialized hospital in Mexico City. Work characteristics, mental health problems (stress, depression, and anxiety), emotional eating, and loss-of-control eating were measured using standardized scales. Associations among relevant work variables and mental health and eating behavior were assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. High prevalence of stress (28%), depression (35%), anxiety (33%), emotional eating (27%), and loss-of-control eating (38%) were found. These mental health problems have been associated with variables related to work overload, little appreciation of work, and exposure to the suffering and death of patients. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(1), 31-37.].
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Saúde Mental , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
AIM: To identify the effect of the domestic on the depression of nurses in a public hospital in Mexico City. BACKGROUND: Domestic work performed mainly by women coupled with the demands of work is associated with the possibility of developing mental disorders, especially depression. INTRODUCTION: Working conditions have an impact on the physical and mental health of nurses. Participation in domestic activities adds to wear and tear on workers. METHODS: The research had a cross-sectional design with a random sample of 329 nurses from a third-level hospital in Mexico City. Occupational stress and domestic work were evaluated with nursing Stress Scale questionnaires and the Individual Worker Health Survey (PROESSAT). The DASS-21 subscale was used for depression. The associations were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: The probability of suffering from depression was 7 times higher for women engaged in domestic work. Experiencing death, lack of support and having an additional job increased their association. DISCUSSION: The work-family conflict, as well as lack of support, is associated with depressive symptoms in nurses. CONCLUSION: There is a need to implement strategic programs that provide nurses with tools to deal with work-family conflict reconciliation. It is necessary to offer more favorable working conditions in the practice of nursing.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Mulheres/psicologia , Estresse Ocupacional/enfermagem , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Doença/psicologia , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Hospitais Públicos , MéxicoRESUMO
RESUMEN El alarmante incremento de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos, en pacientes con infección del tracto urinario, es uno de los mayores problemas actuales de la salud pública mundial; siendo la Escherichia coli, principal patógeno en esta infección, resistente a la mayoría de los antibióticos. Con el objetivo de determinar el patrón microbiológico de resistencia antimicrobiana de los gérmenes más frecuentemente aislados en urocultivos positivos, en el laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital Provincial Docente Celia Sánchez Manduley, Manzanillo, durante el año 2018, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal a todos los urocultivos realizados a los pacientes con la orden de estudio bacteriológico, en la institución y período de tiempo declarados. Se evaluaron las variables: positividad del cultivo, gérmenes aislados, resistencia antimicrobiana de los microorganismos aislados en general y de la Escherichia coli en particular. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la estadística descriptiva. Se analizaron 2482 urocultivos, 714 fueron positivos; como germen predominó Escherichia coli en 58.12% de los casos. El total de gérmenes aislados mostró resistencia a: cefotaxima (46.08 %), ciprofloxacino (44.67 %), ácido nalidíxico (44.11 %), cotrimoxazol (42.99 %) y ceftazidima (42.85 %).Para el caso de la Escherichia coli se mantuvo el mismo patrón de resistencia con valores discretamente superiores. La menor resistencia de estos microorganismos fue para la nitrofurantoina, alrededor de un1.44 %. Se determinó el patrón microbiológico de resistencia antimicrobiana de los gérmenes más frecuentes aislados en los urocultivos positivos de este estudio.
ABSTRACT The alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics in patients with urinary tract infection is one of the biggest current problems in world public health; being Escherichia coli, the main pathogen in this infection, resistant to most antibiotics. With the aim of determining the microbiological pattern of antimicrobial resistance of the germs most frequently isolated in positive urine cultures, in the microbiology laboratory of the Celia Sánchez Manduley Provincial Teaching Hospital, Manzanillo, during 2018, an observational, descriptive cut-off study was carried out. cross-sectional to all urine cultures performed on patients with the order of bacteriological study, in the institution and period of time declared. The variables were evaluated: positivity of the culture, isolated germs, antimicrobial resistance of isolated microorganisms in general and Escherichia coli in particular. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 2482 urine cultures were analyzed, 714 were positive; As a germ, Escherichia coli predominated in 58.12% of the cases. The total of isolated germs showed resistance to: cefotaxime (46.08%), ciprofloxacin (44.67%), nalidixic acid (44.11%), cotrimoxazole (42.99%) and ceftazidime (42.85%). In the case of Escherichia coli, the same resistance pattern was maintained with slightly higher values. The lowest resistance of these microorganisms was for nitrofurantoin, around 1.44%. The microbiological pattern of antimicrobial resistance of the most frequent germs isolated in the positive urine cultures of this study was determined.
RESUMO O alarmante aumento da resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos em pacientes com infecção do trato urinário é um dos maiores problemas atuais de saúde pública mundial; sendo Escherichia coli, o principal patógeno dessa infecção, resistente à maioria dos antibióticos. Como objetivo de determinar o padrão microbiológico de resistência antimicrobiana dos germes mais freqüentemente isolados em uroculturas positivas, no laboratório de microbiologia do Hospital Universitário Provincial Celia Sánchez Manduley, Manzanillo, durante 2018, foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo de corte. out. transversal a todas as culturas de urina realizadas em pacientes com a ordem de estudo bacteriológico, na instituição e período de tempo declarado. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: positividade da cultura, germes isolados, resistência antimicrobiana dos microrganismos isolados em geral e Escherichia coli em particular. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. 2.482 culturas de urina foram analisadas, 714 foram positivas; Como germe, a Escherichia coli predominou em 58,12% dos casos. O total de germes isolados apresentou resistência a: cefotaxima (46,08%), ciprofloxacina (44,67%), ácido nalidíxico (44,11%), cotrimoxazol (42,99%) e ceftazidima (42,85%). No caso da Escherichia coli, o mesmo padrão de resistência foi mantido com valores ligeiramente superiores. A menor resistência desses microrganismos foi para a nitrofurantoína, em torno de 1,44%. Foi determinado o padrão microbiológico de resistência antimicrobiana dos germes mais frequentes isolados unas uroculturas positivas deste estudo.
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Drinking water contamination is a frequent problem in developing countries and could be associated with bacterial pathogen carriage in feces. We evaluated the association between the risk of drinking water and bacterial carrier status in children younger than 5 years in a cross-sectional study conducted in 199 households from three Peruvian rural communities. Fecal samples from children were screened for pathogenic Aeromonas, Campylobacter, and Vibrio species, as well as for Enterobacteriaceae, including pathogenic Escherichia coli. The drinking water risk was determined using E. coli as an indicator of contamination. Nineteen (9.5%) children were colonized with pathogens and classified as carriers, all without diarrhea symptoms. Of 199 drinking water samples, 38 (19.1%) were classified as very high risk because of high fecal contamination (> 100 E. coli/100 mL). Shared-use water sources, daily washing of containers, and washing using only water were associated with higher prevalence of bacterial carriage, whereas there was no association between households reporting boiling and chlorination of water and carrier status. The prevalence of carriage in children exposed to very high-risk water was 2.82 (95% CI: 1.21-6.59) times the prevalence of those who consumed less contaminated water, adjusted by the water source and daily washing. Our results suggest that household drinking water plays an important role in the generation of carriers with diarrheal pathogens. Our findings also highlight the importance of interventions to ensure the safety of drinking water. Further studies are needed to validate the observed association and determine its significance with respect to diarrhea in the community.
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Diarreia/microbiologia , Água Potável/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , População Rural , Microbiologia da Água , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Saneamento/métodos , Poluentes da Água , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
RESUMEN Una tendencia actual en la elaboración de quesos es sustituir la grasa láctea por su alto contenido de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS), con lípidos de origen vegetal y el aguacate por su alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados(AGI), principalmente, el ácido oleico y fitosteroles (campesterol, β- Sitosterol), ha sido valorado al promover beneficios saludables al consumidor. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, con jueces, el agrado o desagrado, mediante prueba hedónica, los quesos elaborados con sustitución de grasa y analizar el perfil de textura (TPA). Se analizaron los quesos elaborados con tres niveles de pulpa, mediante prueba hedónica de 5 puntos, con 109 jueces y el análisis de perfil de textura con texturometro, modelo TA-XT2i. El T4, con el 18% de pulpa adicionada, fue el que más agradó, de acuerdo con la prueba DMS, al determinar la aceptación de los quesos, aunque no se encontró diferencias entre el T3 y el T4 y, el T2, el que menos gustó. En el análisis de perfil de textura, se encontró diferencias significativas respecto al control; la pulpa de aguacate, como sustituto de grasa en los quesos, generó bajos valores en los parámetros texturales; los quesos retienen alta humedad y bajo contenido de grasa, obteniendo un producto desmoronable, debido a la modificación de la matriz de la caseína, que es la que da rigidez a los quesos.
ABSTRACT A current trend in cheese making is to substitute milk fat for its high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), with lipids of vegetable origin and avocado for its high content of unsaturated fatty acids (AGI) mainly oleic acid and phytosterols. (campesterol, β-Sitosterol), has been valued by promoting healthy benefits to the consumer. The objective of this study was to evaluate with judges the liking or dislike of the cheeses made with fat replacement and to analyze the texture profile (TPA). The cheeses elaborated with three levels of avocado pulp were analyzed by means of a 5point hedonic test with 109 judges and the analysis of texture profile with texturometer model TA-XT2i. The T4 with the 18% added pulp was the one liked most according to the DMS test when determining the acceptance of the cheeses, although no differences were found between the T3 and the T4; the T2 was the least liked product. In the texture profile analysis, significant differences were found with respect to the control; the avocado pulp as a substitute for fat in the cheeses generated low values in the textural parameters, the cheeses retain high humidity and low fat content, obtaining a crumbly product, due to the modification of the casein matrix which is the one that gives rigidity to the cheeses.
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Campylobacter jejuni is among the most common causes of diarrheal disease worldwide and efforts to develop protective measures against the pathogen are ongoing. One of the few defined virulence factors targeted for vaccine development is the capsule polysaccharide (CPS). We have developed a capsule conjugate vaccine against C. jejuni strain 81-176 (CPS-CRM) that is immunogenic in mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) but only moderately immunogenic in humans when delivered alone or with aluminum hydroxide. To enhance immunogenicity, two novel liposome-based adjuvant systems, the Army Liposome Formulation (ALF), containing synthetic monophosphoryl lipid A, and ALF plus QS-21 (ALFQ), were evaluated with CPS-CRM in this study. In mice, ALF and ALFQ induced similar amounts of CPS-specific IgG that was significantly higher than levels induced by CPS-CRM alone. Qualitative differences in antibody responses were observed where CPS-CRM alone induced Th2-biased IgG1, whereas ALF and ALFQ enhanced Th1-mediated anti-CPS IgG2b and IgG2c and generated functional bactericidal antibody titers. CPS-CRM + ALFQ was superior to vaccine alone or CPS-CRM + ALF in augmenting antigen-specific Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine responses and a significantly higher proportion of CD4+ IFN-γ+ IL-2+ TNF-α+ and CD4+ IL-4+ IL-10+ T cells. ALFQ also significantly enhanced anti-CPS responses in NHPs when delivered with CPS-CRM compared to alum- or ALF-adjuvanted groups and showed the highest protective efficacy against diarrhea following orogastric challenge with C. jejuni This study provides evidence that the ALF adjuvants may provide enhanced immunogenicity of this and other novel C. jejuni capsule conjugate vaccines in humans.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, and currently no preventative interventions are available. C. jejuni is an invasive mucosal pathogen that has a variety of polysaccharide structures on its surface, including a capsule. In phase 1 studies, a C. jejuni capsule conjugate vaccine was safe but poorly immunogenic when delivered alone or with aluminum hydroxide. Here, we report enhanced immunogenicity of the conjugate vaccine delivered with liposome adjuvants containing monophosphoryl lipid A without or with QS-21, known as ALF and ALFQ, respectively, in preclinical studies. Both liposome adjuvants significantly enhanced immunity in mice and nonhuman primates and improved protective efficacy of the vaccine compared to alum in a nonhuman primate C. jejuni diarrhea model, providing promising evidence that these potent adjuvant formulations may enhance immunogenicity in upcoming human studies with this C. jejuni conjugate and other malaria and HIV vaccine platforms.
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Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/prevenção & controle , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Lipídeo A/análogos & derivados , Saponinas/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções por Campylobacter/imunologia , Campylobacter jejuni/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Lipídeo A/administração & dosagem , Lipossomos/administração & dosagem , Lipossomos/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Primatas , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Vacinas Conjugadas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Objective: To identify possible differences in the level of externalizing behavior problems among children with and without hearing impairment and determine whether any relationship exists between this type of problem and parenting practices. Methods: The Behavior Assessment System for Children was used to evaluate externalizing variables in a sample of 118 boys and girls divided into two matched groups: 59 with hearing disorders and 59 normal-hearing controls. Results: Significant between-group differences were found in hyperactivity, behavioral problems, and externalizing problems, but not in aggression. Significant differences were also found in various aspects of parenting styles. A model for predicting externalizing behavior problems was constructed, achieving a predicted explained variance of 50%. Conclusion: Significant differences do exist between adaptation levels in children with and without hearing impairment. Parenting style also plays an important role.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Perda Auditiva/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Adaptação Psicológica , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/classificação , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Perda Auditiva/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify possible differences in the level of externalizing behavior problems among children with and without hearing impairment and determine whether any relationship exists between this type of problem and parenting practices. METHODS: The Behavior Assessment System for Children was used to evaluate externalizing variables in a sample of 118 boys and girls divided into two matched groups: 59 with hearing disorders and 59 normal-hearing controls. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences were found in hyperactivity, behavioral problems, and externalizing problems, but not in aggression. Significant differences were also found in various aspects of parenting styles. A model for predicting externalizing behavior problems was constructed, achieving a predicted explained variance of 50%. CONCLUSION: Significant differences do exist between adaptation levels in children with and without hearing impairment. Parenting style also plays an important role.
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Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Perda Auditiva/psicologia , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/classificação , Educação Infantil/psicologia , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Constituye un reto sincronizar el proceso docente educativo con el trabajo asistencial en la educación médica superior.La creación de materiales didácticos en formato electrónico permite el desarrollo de proyectos y experiencias innovadoras, que facilita el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, sin violar los principios bioéticos. El trabajo consiste en un proyecto de Multimedia como medio de enseñanza que facilite al estudiante de Estomatología la información necesaria para el aprendizaje de la Cirugía Bucal. La confección de esta multimedia tuvo como finalidad proporcionar un material educativo didáctico de consulta y de apoyo a la docencia con una metodología de enseñanza más flexible, que le permita al estudiante optimizar el tiempo de que dispone para la formación de las habilidades quirúrgicas, imprescindibles, antes de ejercer las complejas técnicas en el paciente. Se revisaron los programas de esta asignatura y de acuerdo a los objetivos se seleccionaron los temas necesarios, incluyendo algunos que ya el estudiante debe tener vencidos y que no se dispone del tiempo para reafirmarlos, pero son imprescindibles para la base teórico-práctica de la asignatura. Se diseñó una estructura bien organizada metodológicamente escogiendo las formas de enseñanzas y las imágenes adecuadas. Esta estructura se insertó en una plataforma apropiada para su mejor realización y comprensión. La digitalización se hizo mediante escáner o por descarga desde los sitios Web; en otros casos, como sucedió con la mayoría de las imágenes, se fotografiaron imágenes de radiografías u otros gráficos y/o se diseñaron, editaron u optimizaron con herramientas profesionales. Los medios se organizaron y compilaron con la aplicación Crheasoft, para obtener una obra Multimedia auto ejecutable soportada(AU)
It constitutes a challenge to synchronize the teaching educational process with the clinic work in the superior medical education. The creation of didactic materials in electronic format allows the development of projects and innovative experiences that facilitates the teaching-learning process, without violating bioethical principles. The work consists on a Multimedia project as a teaching medium that facilitates the necessary information for the learning of the Buccal Surgery to the Stomatology student. The making of this multimedia had as purpose to provide an educational didactic material of consultation and of support to the teaching with a methodology of a more flexible teaching that allows the student to optimize the time that they dispose for the formation of the surgical indispensable abilities, before exercising the complex technics in a patient. The programs of this subject were revised and according to the objectives the necessary topics were selected, including some that the student should already have conquered and that doesn't have the time to reaffirm them, but are indispensable for the theoretical-practical base of the subject. A very methodologically organized structure was designed choosing the forms of teachings and the appropriate images. This structure was inserted in an appropriate platform for its best realization and understanding. The digitization was done by means of scanner or by downloading from the internet; in other cases, like it happened to most of the images, images of x-rays or other graphics were photographed and/or they were designed, edited or optimized with professional tools. The medium were organized and compiled with the application Crheasoft, to obtain a supported Multimedia autoexecutable(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirurgia Bucal/métodos , Multimídia , Odontologia , Educação em Odontologia/métodosRESUMO
La creación de materiales didácticos en formato electrónico para la enseñanza permite el desarrollo de proyectos y experiencias innovadoras, así como un mejor aprendizaje en el proceso docente educativo. El trabajo consiste en un proyecto de multimedia de la asignatura Informática Médica I, para la misma se utilizó el software Mediator 8, el cual posee herramientas que lo hace increíblemente poderoso, usándolas, se puede ver las presentaciones más fantásticas con una programación más sencilla. La confección de esta multimedia tuvo como finalidad proporcionar un material educativo didáctico de apoyo a la docencia, útil para el desarrollo de una metodología de enseñanza más flexible, abierta y adaptada a las características individuales de los estudiantes, facilitando un proceso de aprendizaje basado en la actividad y construcción del conocimiento, apropiado para la asignatura Informática Médica I de la carrera de Medicina, estructurada sobre la base de las características del programa que se imparte. El criterio de estructuración de la asignatura se basa en la implementación del software libre, en el estudio de las aplicaciones de la suite ofimática LibreOffice, con código abierto y distribución gratuita, siendo la aplicación Writer como procesador de texto, la temática abordada en el trabajo(AU)
The creation of didactic materials in electronic format for the teaching allows the development of projects and innovative experiences, as well as a better learning in the educational process. This work consists on a multimedia project for the subject Medical Informatics I; the software Mediator 8 were used to develop it, which possesses tools that make it incredibly powerful, using it, one can do the most fantastic presentations with a simpler programming. The making of this multimedia has as purpose to provide an educational didactic material to support to the teaching process, that is useful for the development of a more flexible, open teaching and adapted methodology to the individual characteristics of the students, facilitating a learning process based on the activity and construction of the knowledge, appropriate to the Medical Informatics discipline for the career of Medicine, structured on the base of the characteristics of the program that is imparted. The structuring approach of the subject is based on the implementation of the free software, in the study of the applications of the package LibreOffice 3.5, with open code and free distribution, being the application Writer like document processor, the thematic approached in the work(AU
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Informática Médica , Design de Software , MultimídiaRESUMO
Introducción La incapacidad para aprender a regular los arranques emocionales y la inhibición excesiva de emociones se asocian con una gran variedad de problemáticas personales e interpersonales, así como con alteraciones psicológicas y de salud. Weinberger desarrolló un inventario que evalúa dos aspectos centrales del ajuste socioemocional: la experiencia subjetiva de distrés y la contención emocional. El inventario sólo existía en inglés, por lo que resolvimos traducirlo al español y validarlo en una población de hispanoparlantes mexicanos. Método El cuestionario traducido y revisado se aplicó a 452 participantes, respetando la escala Likert del cuestionario original de cinco puntos. Los participantes fueron personas adultas (mayores de 18 años) sin distinción de sexo que tenían un nivel de escolaridad mínimo de secundaria. Resultados Tras el análisis de la capacidad discriminatoria de los reactivos por el método de grupos extremos y el análisis factorial por el método de componentes principales, el cuestionario quedó conformado por 44 reactivos, agrupados en cuatro factores: 1. Dominio de sí mismo con un total de 19 preguntas que explicaron 18.68% de la varianza, 2. Experiencia subjetiva de distrés, compuesto por 12 preguntas que explicaron 10.84% de la varianza, 3. Defensividad, el cual constó de siete preguntas que explicaron 7.10% de la varianza y 4. Consideración hacia los demás, que agrupó seis preguntas que explicaron 6.54% de la varianza. Finalmente, se evaluó la confiabilidad del cuestionario utilizando el alpha de Cronbach, y quedó como sigue: Dominio de sí mismo 0.89, Experiencia subjetiva de distrés 0.84, Defensividad 0.69 y Consideración hacia los demás 0.74. Conclusiones El Inventario de Weinberger es una herramienta útil para evaluar el ajuste socioemocional, así como para determinar la magnitud de la inhibición emocional en una población, abordar su prevención e instrumentar acciones para la atención de los casos que lo ameriten.
Introduction The inability to control emotional outbursts and the excessive inhibition of emotions are associated with a variety of personal and interpersonal problems, psychological disorders and health status. Weinberger developed an inventory to assesses two central aspects of socio-emotional adjustment: the subjective experience of distress and restraint. As the inventory was in English, we decided to translate it into Spanish and validated it in a population of Spanish-speaking Mexicans. Method The revised Spanish WAI was applied to 452 participants using the same Likert scale used in the English WAI, in which each answer was given a score of five points. The participants were adults (over 18 years) of either sex with a minimum educational level of high school. Results After analyzing the discriminatory power of the questions by the method of extreme groups and factor analysis by principal components analysis, the Spanish WAI was composed of 44 items, which were divided into four factors: 1. Restraint, which grouped together a total of 19 questions, which explained 18.68% of the variance, 2. Subjective experience of distress, consisting of 12 questions, which accounted for 10.84% of the variance, 3. Defensiveness, consisting of seven questions that explained 7.10% of the variance, and 4. Consideration for Others, which grouped six questions that explained 6.54% of the variance. Finally, we assessed the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha as follows: Restraint 0.89, Subjective experience of distress 0.84, Defensiveness 0.69, and Consideration for others 0.74. Conclusions Weinberger's Inventory is a useful instrument to assess restraint as an important aspect of emotional distress of individuals, and to measure the magnitude of restraint in a population, and thus allowing preventive and therapeutic actions in cases that deserve it.
RESUMO
Brucella melitensis is highly infectious for humans and can be transmitted to humans in a number of epidemiological contexts. Within the context of an ongoing brucellosis surveillance project, an outbreak at a Peruvian police officer cafeteria was discovered, which led to active surveillance (serology, blood culture) for additional cases among 49 police officers who had also eaten there. The cohort was followed up to 18 months regardless of treatment or symptoms. Active surveillance estimated the attack rate at 26.5% (13 of 49). Blood cultures from four cases were positive; these isolates were indistinguishable using multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis. This investigation indicates the importance of case tracking and active surveillance for brucellosis in the context of potential common source exposure. These results provide rationale for public health investigations of brucellosis index cases including the bioterrorism-related dissemination of Brucella.
Assuntos
Brucelose/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , Adulto , Animais , Brucella melitensis/genética , Brucella melitensis/isolamento & purificação , Brucelose/microbiologia , Queijo/microbiologia , Busca de Comunicante , Feminino , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Cabras/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional , Pasteurização , Peru/epidemiologia , Polícia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Brucellosis is an important public health problem in Peru. We evaluated 48 human Brucella melitensis biotype 1 strains from Peru between 2000 and 2006. MICs of isolates to doxycycline, azithromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined by the Etest method. All isolates were sensitive to tested drugs during the periods of testing. Relapses did not appear to be related to drug resistance.
Assuntos
Brucella melitensis/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Azitromicina/farmacologia , Brucelose/microbiologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peru , Rifampina/farmacologia , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: trabajos realizados en animales de experimentación administrados con aceite de semilla de Cucurbita pepo L. microencapsulado han demostrado su actividad antiandrogénica y antiinflamatoria, por lo cual ha sido recomendado su uso en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia prostática benigna. También se recomienda el uso de medicamentos antagonistas adrenérgicos. OBJETIVO: evaluar la actividad antagonista a-adrenérgica del aceite de semilla de C. pepo microencapsulado obtenido en el centro. MÉTODOS: se evaluaron concentraciones del aceite microencapsulado (0,3; 1 y 3 mg/mL) sobre el conducto deferente aislado de ratas, frente a concentraciones submáximas de noradrenalina, también se realizó la curva acumulativa de noradrenalina (10-8 a 10-5 M) en ausencia y en presencia de 1 mg/mL del aceite. RESULTADOS: se pudo comprobar que el aceite microencapsulado inhibe la contracción inducida por la concentración submáxima de noradrenalina, así como la curva acumulativa de noradrenalina en presencia del aceite. CONCLUSIONES: el aceite de semilla de C. pepo microencapsulado presentó efecto antagonista a-adrenérgico a las concentraciones ensayadas en el conducto deferente aislado de ratas.
INTRODUCTION: research works performed on experimental animals administered with microencapsulated Cucurbita pepo L. seed oil, have demonstrated the antiandrogenic and antiinflammatory activity of this product, so it has been recommended for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The use of antagonist adrenergic drugs is also recommended. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the antagonist a-adrenergic activity of the microencapsulated C. pepo seed oil obtained in our center. METHODS: microencapsulated oil concentrations (0.3; 1 y 3 mg/mL) were evaluated on isolated deferent duct in rats against sub-maximum noradrenaline concentrations (10-8 to 10-5 M), with and without 1 mg/mL of the microencapsulated oil. RESULTS: microencapsulated C pepo seed oil was proved to inhibit the contraction induced by the sub-maximum noradrenaline concentration, as well as the cumulative curve of noradrenalin when the oil was present. CONCLUSIONS: microencapsulated C. pepo seed oil has antagonist a-adrenergic effect on tested concentrations in the isolated deferent duct of treated rats.