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Introduction: It is known that cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia and that in the general population, prior beliefs significantly influence learning and reasoning processes. However, the interaction of prior beliefs with cognitive deficits and their impact on performance in schizophrenia patients is still poorly understood. This study investigates the role of beliefs and cognitive variables (CVs) like working memory, associative learning, and processing speed on learning processes in individuals with schizophrenia. We hypothesize that beliefs will influence the ability to learn correct predictions and that first-episode schizophrenia patients (FEP) will show impaired learning due to cognitive deficits. Methods: We used a predictive-learning task to examine how FEP (n = 23) and matched controls (n = 23) adjusted their decisional criteria concerning physical properties during the learning process when predicting the sinking behavior of two transparent containers filled with aluminum discs when placed in water. Results: On accuracy, initial differences by group, trial type, and interaction effects of these variables disappeared when CVs were controlled. The differences by conditions, associated with differential beliefs about why the objects sink slower or faster, were seen in patients and controls, despite controlling the CVs' effect. Conclusions: Differences between groups were mainly explained by CVs, proving that they play an important role than what is assumed in this type of task. However, beliefs about physical events were not affected by CVs, and beliefs affect in the same way the decisional criteria of the control or FEP patients' groups.

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Tuberculosis remains a challenge in both rural and urban areas. Although a majority of countries display a higher burden in urban areas compared with rural areas, Panama continues to report the highest mortality rate in Central America. Urban areas, such as Panama City, report a high tuberculosis burden, whereas Panama's western region, including the provinces of Chiriquí, Bocas del Toro (both semiurban) and Ngäbe-Bugle (rural), show a lower burden. We aimed to identify highly transmitted Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains within rural and semiurban settings of Panama's western region during a 3-year period (2017, 2019, 2021). We randomly selected 87 M. tuberculosis isolates from a biobank from Panama's western region and analyzed them using allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction and 24-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). Our results show only 11.7% (10/85) of M. tuberculosis strains identified as prevalent A-Beijing, B-Haarlem, or C-LAM Strains. We found a low prevalence of A, B, and C M. tuberculosis strains in both rural and semirural settings compared with isolates collected from the Eastern Colon Province. MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed a high degree of diversity with no clusters with single loci variation of ≥ 2 loci. These results support the notion that tuberculosis prevalence in the rural and semiurban western region of Panama are not due to previously described highly transmitted strains but is influenced instead by other health determinants, including poor health system access and a lack of systematic transmission chain monitoring. For remote rural and semiurban settings, we recommend allocating resources to reinforce efforts to prevent tuberculosis spread.

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Insights, characterized by sudden discoveries following unsuccessful problem-solving attempts, are fascinating phenomena. Dynamic systems perspectives argue that insight arises from self-organizing perceptual and motor processes. Entropy and fractal scaling are potential markers for emerging new and effective solutions. This study investigated whether specific features associated with self-organization in dynamical systems can distinguish between individuals who succeed and those who fail in solving insight tasks. To achieve this, we analyzed pupillary diameter fluctuations of children aged 6 to 12 during the 8-coin task, a well-established insight task. The participants were divided into two groups: successful (n = 24) and unsuccessful (n = 43) task completion. Entropy, determinism, recurrence ratio, and the ß scaling exponent were estimated using Recurrence Quantification and Power Spectrum Density analyses. The results indicated that the solver group exhibited more significant uncertainty and lower predictability in pupillary diameter fluctuations before finding the solution. Recurrence Quantification Analysis revealed changes that went unnoticed by mean and standard deviation measures. However, the ß scaling exponent did not differentiate between the two groups. These findings suggest that entropy and determinism in pupillary diameter fluctuations can identify early differences in problem-solving success. Further research is needed to determine the exclusive role of perceptual and motor activity in generating insights and investigate these results' generalizability to other tasks and populations.

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A method is proposed to study the temporal variability of legislative roll-call votes in a parliament from the perspective of complex dynamical systems. We studied the Chilean Chamber of Deputies' by analyzing the agreement ratio and the voting outcome of each vote over the last 19 years with a Recurrence Quantification Analysis and an entropy analysis (Sample Entropy). Two significant changes in the temporal variability were found: one in 2014, where the voting outcome became more recurrent and with less entropy, and another in 2018, where the agreement ratio became less recurrent and with higher entropy. These changes may be directly related to major changes in the Chilean electoral system and the composition of the Chamber of Deputies, given that these changes occurred just after the first parliamentary elections with non-compulsory voting (2013 elections) and the first elections with a proportional system in conjunction with an increase in the number of deputies (2017 elections) were held.

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BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that children from low-income families begin the preschool stage with less academic and non-academic skills development compared to higher-income families. There are several successful experiences of early stimulation of cognitive and social-emotional skills; however, there is scarce evidence of the effectiveness of a video game that incorporates the stimulation of these skills simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a video game in stimulating cognitive, emotional, and social competence skills in developing academic skills in socioeconomically disadvantaged preschool children. METHODS: A cluster-randomized controlled trial design will be used. A tablet-based video game that stimulates cognitive and socio-emotional skills to improve the development of academic skills is compared with a tablet-based game where students draw and paint with no explicit stimulation of cognitive and socio-emotional skills. Eighteen schools and 750 Chilean preschool students will be recruited. The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed using a direct evaluation of children on literacy learning and pre-calculation skills at baseline, immediately after stimulation, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-intervention. The mediating effect of working memory, inhibitory control, emotion recognition, and prosocial behaviours will be assessed on the effectiveness of the intervention. DISCUSSION: The proposed study will be the first to test the effectiveness of a tablet-based video game stimulating cognitive and social-emotional skills to improve academic skills in socioeconomically disadvantaged preschool children in Chile, controlling for gender, age (in months), mental health, and baseline conditions of stimulated skills. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05224700. Registered on February 2022.

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The five-to-fifteen (FTF) questionnaire is a screening tool completed by parents that is able to distinguish developmental disorders in children aged 5 to 15 years old. The current study aimed to characterize the developmental difficulties by gender and school age (kindergarten and first grade) of children in their transition to primary school, using the Spanish-language version of the FTF questionnaire. The participants were 541 parents of typically developed children from kindergarten and first grade in public schools in Chile. Developmental difficulties were revealed, showing that boys displayed significantly more difficulties in their social skills when compared to girls, and that kindergartners displayed significantly more developmental difficulties than first graders. The children's developmental difficulties in executive functions, social skills, and emotional/behavioral problems exhibited interactions between gender and school age. The findings were discussed in terms of current conceptualizations of both executive functions and self-regulatory processes. These processes and functions are configured early in development, are gradually consolidated over the course of school age, and can be strengthened or weakened by conditions experienced in childhood. Early screening of developmental difficulties from the parents' perspective would facilitate early detection of problems, as early as in kindergarten, and considering the normal adaptable development of children.

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A series of experiments show that attribution of intentionality to figures depends on the interaction between the type of movement -Theory of Mind (ToM), Goal-Directed (GD), Random (R)- with the presence of human attributes, the way these figures are labeled, and their apparent velocity. In addition, the effect of these conditions or their interaction varies when the use of human nouns -present in the participant's responses- is statistically controlled. In Experiment 1, one group of participants observed triangular figures (n = 46) and another observed humanized figures, called Stickman figures (n = 38). In ToM movements, participants attributed more intentionality to triangular figures than to Stickman figures. However, in R movements, the opposite trend was observed. In Experiment 2 (n = 42), triangular figures were presented as if they were people and compared to triangular figures presented in Experiment 1. Here, when the figures were labeled as people the attribution of intentionality only increased in R and GD movements, but not in ToM movements. Finally, in Experiment 3, Stickman figures (n = 45) move at a higher (unnatural) speed with higher frames per second (fps) than the Stickman figures of Experiment 1. This manipulation decreased the attribution of intentionality in R and GD movements but not in ToM movements. In general terms, it was found that the human attributes and labels promote the use of human nouns in participants' responses, while a high apparent speed reduces their use. The use of human nouns was associated to intentionality scores significantly in R movements, but at a lesser extent in GD and ToM movements. We conclude that, although the type of movement is the most important cue in this sort of task, the tendency to attribute intentionality to figures is affected by the interaction between perceptual and semantic cues (figure shape, label, and apparent speed).

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Technology has permeated many aspects of human life, from everyday events, entertainment, learning environments, festivities, even solemn ceremonies; such is the case of the century-old Mexican tradition of Day of the Dead. Altars or offerings as they are sometimes called, are a central part of this celebration; whether they are small homemade shrines or big public installations, they are a narrative medium to tell the life-story and honor the memory of a beloved or important individual. This paper presents the creation of a traditional and technologically enhanced offering dubbed Neoaltar, from the identification and classification of narrative elements found in traditional altars, the proposal of an interactive multimedia interface based on a user experience model, and the construction, installation, live demonstration and evaluation of the altar. The exhibition of the offering was done during the most important and publicly open Day of the Dead event in the Mexican city of Juárez; as part of this study a survey was created, and information gathered from 120 users is analyzed and presented. The Neoaltar strives to tell the life story of the departed by introducing a non-linear interactive multimedia narrative while keeping with tradition by using a non-invasive approach to technology inclusion.

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Resumen Introducción La conducta sexual ha sido ampliamente estudiada en sujetos mayores de 18 años. La edad de inicio de vida sexual ha ido disminuyendo, sin embargo, estudiar la conducta sexual en adolescentes es un reto, y la información es escasa. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis descriptivo de la conducta sexual de un grupo de adolescentes yucatecos. Material y Método Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo que incluyó a 245 adolescentes de 11 a 16 años. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo con un instrumento autoaplicable y los resultados se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados El 5.71% (14/245) de la población estudiada refirió ser sexualmente activa; (8.26%, (10/121) de los varones y 3.22% (4/124) de las mujeres), declarándose todos heterosexuales. Las caricias y/o besos en genitales fueron las prácticas sexuales más comunes 78.57% (11/14); la masturbación a la pareja, el sexo oral y el sexo con penetración anal o vaginal se reportaron con la misma frecuencia 28.57% (4/14). El 21.4% (3/14) utilizaron condón en su primera relación sexual y 7.14% (1/14) ha tenido relaciones sexuales en los últimos 6 meses bajo el efecto del alcohol o drogas. El 2.04% (5/245) de la población estudiada practica cibersexo. Conclusión Es baja la frecuencia de adolescentes que han iniciado su vida sexual, sin embargo, la protección es prácticamente inexistente lo que los hace vulnerables a contraer infecciones de transmisión sexual y tener embarazos no deseados.

Abstract Introduction Sexual behavior has been widely studied in subjects older than 18 years despite the increasing evidence that the age of onset of sexual life has been decreasing. Studying adolescent population is a challenge because of the ethical implications it entails, making information on this issue scarce. The objective of this work is to perform descriptive analysis on the sexual behavior in a group of yucatecan adolescents. Material and methods A prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted, including 245 adolescents, 11 to 16 years old. The data collection was carried out with a self-applicable instrument, and the results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results The 5.71% (14/245) of the population reported having already started their sexual life; (8.26%, (10/121), of males and 3.22% (4/124); of females) declaring themselves as being heterosexual. Genital kissing and touching were the most common sexual practices 78.57% (11/14); masturbation to the couple, oral sex, and anal/vaginal intercourse were reported with the same frequency 28.57% (4/14). In addition, 21.4% (3/14) used condom in their first sexual relationship, and 7.14% (1/14) reported sexual activity in the last 6 months while being under the effects of alcohol or drugs. The 2.04% (5/245) of the studied sample reported practicing cybersex. Conclusion The frequency of adolescents who have begun their sexual life is low, however, protection is practically non-existent which makes them vulnerable to contract sexually transmitted infections and having unintended pregnancies.

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In this paper, we argue that beliefs share common properties with the self-sustaining networks of complex systems. Matching experiences are said to couple with each other into a mutually reinforcing network. The goal of the current paper is to spell out and develop these ideas, using our understanding of ecosystems as a guide. In Part 1 of the paper, we provide theoretical considerations relevant to this new conceptualization of beliefs, including the theoretical overlap between energy and meaning. In Part 2, we discuss the implications of this new conceptualization on our understanding of belief emergence and belief change. Finally, in Part 3, we provide an analytical mapping between beliefs and the self-sustaining networks of ecosystems, namely by applying to behavioral data a measure developed for ecosystem networks. Specifically, average accuracies were subjected to analyses of uncertainty (H) and average mutual information. The ratio between these two values yields degree of order, a measure of how organized the self-sustained network is. Degree of order was tracked over time and compared to the amount of explained variance returned by a categorical non-linear principal components analysis. Finding high correspondence between the two measures of order, together with the theoretical groundwork discussed in Parts 1 and 2, lends preliminary validity to our theory that beliefs have important similarities to the structural characteristics of self-sustaining networks.

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La capacidad para entender palabras abstractas se relaciona con la inteligencia y procesos de orden superior. Sin embargo, un creciente número de investigaciones sugiere que las palabras abstractas, aun cuando tienen bajos niveles de concreción e imaginabilidad, son procesadas de una manera diferente. Este artículo proporciona evidencia experimental, donde el procesamiento de palabras abstractas-epistémicas (v.g. imaginación, certeza) es diferente al procesamiento de palabras abstractas-metafísicas (v.g. libertad, criterio). Se llevó a cabo un experimento en el que 16 niños y adolescentes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (ASD) y un grupo pareado con Desarrollo Típico (DT) completaron nueve sentencias incompletas graduadas por dificultad. Los sujetos con TEA fueron menos precisos y lentos con palabras epistémicas-abstractas, y lentos con palabras abstractas-metafísicas que los sujetos con DT. Los resultados se discuten en términos de los procesos cognitivos y sociales para detectar y entender los estados mentales, una habilidad llamada teoría de la mente (ToM).

The ability to understand abstract words is related to intelligence and higher order processes. However, a growing corpus of research suggests that abstracts words, while having lower level of concreteness and imaginability, are processed in different manners. This article provides experimental evidence that the processing of epistemic-abstract words (eg. Imagination, certainty) is different from the processing of metaphysical-abstract words (eg. Freedom, criteria). We carried out an experiment in which 16 children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a typically developing matched group (TD) completed nine sentences graded by difficulty. Subjects with ASD were less accurate and slower with abstract-epistemic words; and slower with abstract-metaphysical words, than subjects with TD. The findings are discussed in terms of the social and cognitive processes to detect and understand the mental states, an ability named theory of mind (ToM).

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In order to make sense of a scene, a person must pay attention to several levels of nested order, ranging from the most differentiated details of the display to the integrated whole. In adults, research shows that the processes of integration and differentiation have the signature of self-organization. Does the same hold for children? The current study addresses this question with children between 6 and 9 years of age, using two tasks that require attention to hierarchical displays. A group of adults were tested as well, for control purposes. To get at the question of self-organization, reaction times were submitted to a detrended fluctuation analysis and a recurrence quantification analysis. H exponents show a long-range correlations (1/f noise), and recurrence measures (percent determinism, maximum line, entropy, and trend), show a deterministic structure of variability being characteristic of self-organizing systems. Findings are discussed in terms of organism-environment coupling that gives rise to fluid attention to hierarchical displays.

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A display that contains hierarchically nested levels of order requires the perceiver to selectively attend to one of the levels. We investigate the degree to which such selective attention is sustained by a soft-assembled emergent coordinative process, one that does not require designated executive control. In the case of emergent soft-assembly, performance from one trial to the next should show characteristic interdependence, visible in the fractal structure of reaction time. To test this hypothesis, we asked participants across three experiments to decide whether two displays matched in a certain way (e.g., in a local element). In order to gauge this coordinative process, task constraints were experimentally manipulated (e.g., familiarity, predictability, and task instruction). Obtained reaction-time data were subjected to a spectral analysis to measure the degree of interdependence among trials. As predicted, results show correlated structure across trials, significantly different from what would be predicted by an independent-process view of selective attention. Results also show that the obtained spectral scaling exponents track the degree of coupling in the task as a function of the degree of task constraints. Findings are discussed in terms of the relative organism-environment coupling to sustain an adaptive behavior.

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El entrenamiento sistemático genera cambios clínicos, electrocardiográficos, funcionales y morfológicos imprescindibles de conocer cuando se examina a un atleta Existen diversidad de estudios sobre los hallazgos ECG Y ECOCARDIOGRÁFICOS en diferentes atletas, pero en el Perú no disponemos de datos propios con respecto a deportistas profesionales. En el caso por ejemplo del futbol la federacón desde hace 10 años aproximadamente exige la evaluación clínica, electrocardiográfica y eco cardiográfica de los jugadores, hecho que se realiza teniendo en cuenta parámetros internacionales, Objetivo: Evaluar las características electrocardiográficas y ecocardiográficas de Atletas de un club de futbol profesional del Perú. Material y métodos: Se realizó la evaluación electrocardiográfica y ecocardiográfica de 50 atletas de fútbol profesional del Club José Gálvez de la ciudad de Chimbote. Los parámetros fueron registrados en una base de datos en Excel y luego procesados en IBM SPSS statistics 19. Resultados : Los 50 atletas fueron asintomáticos sin historia de síncope ni antecedentes de muerte súbita familiar.

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The addition of rice polishing (RP) and phytase enzyme to poultry diets was tested on 200 1-day-old broilers weighing 42 g. Birds were assigned to a completely random design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four treatments and five repetitions of ten birds each. The factors evaluated were RP level (0 and 15%) and phytase (0 and 150 g/ton). The trial was divided in two phases of 21 days each (42 days total). In phase 1, no treatment effects were observed (P>0.10) on poultry productive behavior. In the second phase (21 to 42 days) and on the total trial (1 to 42 days), there were no effects of the treatments on weight gain or feed intake (P>0.10). Feed conversion was affected by RP (P<0.01) but not by phytase addition (P>0.10). In conclusion, phytase did not affect broiler production with or without RP. Addition of 15 % RP in poultry diets represents an alternative to reduce feed costs.

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El impacto de los trastornos del desarrollo, puede ser mitigado con un diagnóstico temprano. El cuestionario Five to Fifteen (FTF) podría ser una adecuada herramienta de diagnóstico precoz para estos trastornos. Son descritas las propiedades psicométricas, y la caracterización de 322 niños chilenos de desarrollo típico, entre 5 y 15 años de edad. La consistencia interna y la estabilidad temporal fluctuaron entre. 83 y .93 y entre .44 y .86, respectivamente. Del AFE emergieron 4 dimensiones que explicaron el 65.4% de la varianza (KMO=.93; χ2= 3.113,77; gl = 231; p < .01), predominando un factor de desarrollo general. Fueron encontradas diferencias por género y edad. El desempeño de los niños chilenos y suecos fue similar a los 5 años. Pero desde los 6 años en adelante fueron observadas diferencias en casi la totalidad de los dominios. Nosotros concluimos que el FTF es válido y confiable midiendo el desarrollo infantil.

The impact of developmental disorders can be mitigated if early diagnoses are implemented. The Five to Fifteen questionnaire (FTF) could be a suitable tool for early diagnosis of these disorders. We describe the psychometric properties and the characterization of 322 Chilean children of typical development, between 5 and 15 years of age. Levels of consistency and temporal stabilitywere fluctuating between .83 and .93, and between .44 and .86, respectively. From an Exploratory Factorial Analysis emerge 4 dimensions that account for 65.4% of variance (KMO = .93; χ2= 3,113.77; gl = 231; p < .01), where a general development dimension is predominating. Differences were found by gender and age. Performance of Chilean and Sweden children indicates similarities at 5 years of age. However from 6 years of age onwards differences were found in almost all domains. We conclude that FTF is avalid and reliable instrument measuring children's development.

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La relación entre índice de masa corporal elevados, la presencia de hernia hiatal y síntomas de reflujo han sido ampliamente asociadas al diagnostico de esofagitis por reflujo. Estudios recientes han demostrado la asociación del sobrepeso con la enfermedad de reflujo. En vista de esto nos propusimos realizar este estudio con el objetivo de demostrar la relación de la esofagitis por reflujo anatomopatologicamente diagnosticada asociada al índice de masa corporal calculado por el índice de Quetelet, los hallazgos endoscópicos de esofagitis según la clasificación de los Ángeles, y síntomas de reflujo referidos por los pacientes de la consulta del servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital “Carlos J. Bello” de la Cruz Roja Venezolana. Se tomo una muestra de 32 pacientes los cuales el 100% tienen diagnostico anatomopatologico de esofagitis por reflujo en un periodo comprendido entre noviembre 2009 y abril de 2010, de los cuales 26 eran del sexo femenino representando el 81,25% de la muestra y 6 del sexo masculino representando el 18,75% de la muestra. El 78,12% presentaron Hernia hiatal como diagnostico endoscópico y referían síntomas de reflujo gastroesofagico (Regurgitación y Pirosis). En cuanto al hallazgo endoscópico 56,25% presento diagnostico de esofagitis grado A y el 28,12% esofagitis grado B según la Clasificación de los Angeles. En cuanto al índice de masa corporal 32,5% presento IMC< de 24,99 Kg/mt2; el 35,4% presentó IMC>25 kg/mt2 y < de 29,99 Kg/mt2; y el 32,1% presento IMC> 30 kg/mt2. En conclusión el 67,5% de los pacientes presentaban IMC elevados.

The relation between elevated body mass index, and the presence of hiatal hernia and reflux symptoms had been widely associated with the diagnosis of GERD. Most recently lack of studies had demonstrated the association between overweight and GERD. In regard to this matter we proposed to make an study to demonstrate the relation of esophageal reflux disease diagnose by histopalogic finding and elevated body mass index calculated with the Quetelet index, endoscopic findings of esofaghitis clasificated by the Los Angeles classification, and reflux symptoms referred by the patients on the Consult of the Gastroenterology service from the Carlos J. Bello Hospital, Venezuelan Red Cross. It took a sample of 32 patients 100% of them with histopathology findings of reflux esophagitis taken from a time period between November 2009 to April 2010, distributed in 26 female patients (81,25%) and 6 male patients (18,75%). 78,12% had hiatal hernia, and referred gastro esophageal reflux symptoms (Regurgitation and pyrosis). Regard to Endoscopic findings 56.25% presented grade A esofaghitis, 28,12% Grade B esophagitis. Regard to Body mass index 32,5% presented a BMI: <24.99 Kg/ mt2; 35,4% BMI:>25 Kg/mt 2 and <29,99 Kg/mt2; 32,1% presented BMI>30 Kg/mt2. In conclusion 67,5% presented elevated BMI.

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Entre los años 2006 y 2008, se llevaron a cabo estudios florístico y de vegetación de los suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados en cuatro localidades de la Cordillera Blanca (Ancash, Perú) localizadas por encima de los 4500 m. Se realizaron recolectas botánicas además de transectos de intersección-línea, en los cuales se midió el espacio (en cm) ocupado por cada especie. Fueron determinadas 136 especies de plantas vasculares, agrupadas en 65 géneros y 26 familias. Las Magnoliópsida (dicotiledóneas) fueron las más diversas con 97 especies, seguidas de las Liliópsidas (Monocotiledóneas) con 36. La mayor diversidad está concentrada en las familias Asteraceae y Poaceae (40,63%). Los géneros con mayor riqueza de especies fueron Senecio (18) y Calamagrostis (12). Se registraron 76 especies (54,82%) en suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados; mientras que 60 especies (44,11%) fueron colectadas en la vegetación adyacente. El 95,56% de las especies reportadas fueron hierbas perennes. Se caracterizaron cuatro tipos de comunidades vegetales: a) comunidad de suelos crioturbados propiamente dicha, b) comunidad de suelos crioturbados asociada a pajonal, c) comunidad desuelos crioturbados asociada a roquedal seco y d) comunidad de suelos crioturbados asociadas a roquedal húmedo. Se indícan las especies características de cada comunidad.

Since 2006 to 2008, floristic and vegetational studies on cryoturbed soils and its associated habitats were carried out in four sites above 4500 m, at Cordillera Blanca (Ancash, Peru). Botanical collections and intersection-line transects were made. The space (in cm) occupied by each species were measurement. A total of 136 species,in 65 genera and 26 families, were recorded. Magnoliopsida (Dicots) were the most diverse (97 spp.), followed by the Liliopsida (Monocots) (36 spp.). The highest species richness was found in the Asteraceae and Poaceae families (40,63%). The most diverse genera was Senecio (18) and Calamagrostis (12 ). We registered 76 species (54,82%) in cryoturbed soils and associates habitats, while 60 species (44,11%) were recorded for the adjacent vegetation. From the total, 95,56% of the species were perennials herbs. Four types of plants comunities were characterized: a) community of cryoturbed soil proper, b) community of cryoturbed soil associated with grassland, c) community of cryoturbed soil associated with dry rocky areas, and d) community of cryoturbed soil associated with humid rocky areas. Species associated to each community are given.

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