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BACKGROUND: Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, has received considerable attention owing to its recent surge, especially in South America, which coincides with the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the clinical and microbiological characteristics of outbreaks is crucial for their effective management and control. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective observational study aimed to characterize a C. auris outbreak at a Peruvian referral hospital between January 2021 and July 2023. METHODS: Data were collected from hospitalized patients with positive C. auris culture results. Microbiological data and antifungal susceptibility test results were analysed. Additionally, infection prevention and control measures have been described. Statistical analysis was used to compare the characteristics between the infected and colonized patients. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were identified, mostly male (66.7%), with a median age of 53 years. Among them, 18 (54.5%) were colonized, and 15 (45.5%) were infected. Fungemia was the predominant presentation (80%), with notable cases of fungemia in tuberculosis patients with long-stay devices for parenteral anti-tuberculosis therapy. Seventy-five percent of the isolates exhibited fluconazole resistance. Echinocandins were the primary treatment, preventing fungemia recurrence within 30 days. Infected patients had significantly longer hospital stays than colonized patients (100 vs. 45 days; p = .023). Hospital mortality rates were 46.7% and 25% in the infected and fungemia patients, respectively. Simultaneous outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacteria were documented. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the severity of a C. auris outbreak at a referral hospital in Peru, highlighting its significant impact on patient outcomes and healthcare resources. The high prevalence of fluconazole-resistant isolates, leading to prolonged hospital stay and high mortality rates, particularly in cases of fungemia, underscores the critical need for effective infection prevention and control strategies.
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Antifúngicos , Candida auris , Candidíase , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Idoso , Candida auris/efeitos dos fármacos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candida/classificação , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause neurological issues in infants. To provide protection, neutralizing antibodies should be transferred from the mother to the infant. We conducted a study at the Hospital General de Pochutla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Samples were collected from mothers (blood and breast milk) and infants (saliva and dried blood spots) within the first 12 postnatal hours (December 2017 to February 2018) and tested for ZIKV total and neutralizing antibodies as well as ZIKV-PCR. Microcephaly was evaluated according to INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Maternal IgG seroprevalence was 28.4% with 10.4% active infection, while infant IgG seroprevalence was 5.5% with 2.4% active infection. There were two cases of virolactia, and 6.3% of the infant saliva samples tested positive for ZIKV. Additionally, 18.3% of the infants were in a cephalic perimeter percentile lower than 10 and had an association between microcephaly and serology or a PCR between 8.6 and 60.9%. The infant blood samples had neutralizing antibodies, indicating intrauterine protection. Microcephaly was correlated with serology or PCR, but in our study population, non-ZIKV factors may be involved as well. Low ZIKV infection values in breast milk mean that breastfeeding is safe in most of the mothers and infants of the endemic area studied.
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OBJETIVOS. Evaluar la presencia y sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas de 24 muestras de agua de riego del río Rímac de Lima Este, Perú. MATERIALES Y METODOS. Las cepas de E. coli fueron identificadas por PCR. La susceptibilidad a los antibióticos se procesaron por el método de difusión en disco. Los genes implicados en betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), quinolonas y virulencia se determinaron por PCR. RESULTADOS. Todas las muestras superaron los límites permisibles establecidos en las Normas de Calidad Ambiental para el riego de hortalizas. De los 94 aisaldos, el 72,3% mostró resistencia al menos a un antibiótico, el 24,5% eran multirresistentes (MDR) y el 2,1% extremadamente resistentes. Los ma-yores porcentajes de resistencia se observaron para ampicilina-sulbactam (57,1%), el ácido nalidíxico (50%), trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (35,5%) y ciprofloxacino (20,4%). Entre los aislados, el 3,2% presentaba fenotipo BLEE relacionado con el gen bla CTX-M-15. Los mecanismos transferibles de resistencia a las quinolonas, qnrB fueron más frecuentes (20,4%), y el 2,04% tenían el qnrS. Se calcularon que el 5,3% eran E. coli diarreagénicas y de estas, el 60% eran E. coli enterotoxigénicas, el 20% E. coli enteropatógenas y el 20% E. coli enteroagregantes. CONCLUSIONES. Los resultados muestran la existencia de patotipos diarreogénicos en el agua utilizada para el riego de productos frescos y destaca la presencia de E. coli productores de BLEE y MDR, demostrando el papel que juega el agua de riego en la diseminación de genes de resistencia en el Perú.
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Resistência Microbiana a MedicamentosRESUMO
SUMMARY: In the sports field, sports are usually classified according to the predominance of the energy system used during the competition; sports like Crossfit and ultra-marathon could be totally opposite due to the needs of athletes to achieve good places. Due to the above, the objective was established to compare the dermatoglyphic profiles of CrossFit and Ultra-marathon athletes according to the predisposition of the energy systems, aerobic and anaerobic, used in the competitions. Cross-sectional descriptive study, where the dermatoglyphic profile of 21 athletes of national presence (10 crossfit and 11 ultra-marathon runners) was determined, through the Computerized Dermatoglyphic System, brand Salus Dermatoglifia, according to the Cummins and Midlo protocol, which consists of taking the fingerprints of the 10 fingers of the hands. The fingerprint designs of the human being (arch, loop and whorl) and the elements contained in them (nucleus and delta) were analyzed, differences were established through the Analysis of Variance test in the SPSS V.25 statistical package. The results show significant differences between the average scores of the line count of both disciplines (108 and 165), being higher in ultra-marathon runners, associated with greater aerobic resistance. Another significant and relevant finding was the presence of arch-type fingerprints only in CrossFit athletes associated, along with low line count, with strength and power. It is concluded that Crossfit and Ultra-marathon athletes have dissimilar natural physical characteristics, which is why they participate and excel in different sports where they have enhanced their natural physical abilities through training.
En el ámbito deportivo, los deportes suelen clasificarse según el predominio del sistema energético utilizado durante la competición; Deportes como el Crossfit y la ultramaratón podrían ser totalmente opuestos debido a las necesidades de los deportistas de conseguir buenos lugares. Debido a lo anterior, se estableció como objetivo comparar los perfiles dermatoglíficos de atletas de CrossFit y Ultramaratón según la predisposición de los sistemas energéticos, aeróbico y anaeróbico, utilizados en las competencias. Estudio descriptivo transversal, donde se determinó el perfil dermatoglífico de 21 deportistas de presencia nacional (10 crossfit y 11 ultramaratonistas), a través del Sistema Dermatoglífico Computarizado, marca Salus Dermatoglifia, según el protocolo Cummins y Midlo, el cual consta de tomando las huellas dactilares de los 10 dedos de las manos. Se analizaron los diseños dactilares del ser humano (arco, asa y verticilo) y los elementos contenidos en ellos (núcleo y delta), se establecieron diferencias mediante la prueba de Análisis de Varianza en el paquete estadístico SPSS V.25. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones medias del recuento de líneas de ambas disciplinas (108 y 165), siendo superiores en los corredores de ultramaratón, asociado a una mayor resistencia aeróbica. Otro hallazgo significativo y relevante fue la presencia de huellas dactilares tipo arco sólo en atletas de CrossFit asociadas, junto con un bajo número de líneas, con fuerza y potencia. Se concluye que los atletas de Crossfit y Ultramaratón tienen características físicas naturales disímiles, por lo que participan y destacan en diferentes deportes donde han potenciado sus capacidades físicas naturales a través del entrenamiento.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dermatoglifia , Atletas , Corrida de Maratona , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The addition of Biofire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification panel 2 (BCID2) to the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) could improve outcomes in bloodstream infections (BSI) of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). A pre- and post-quasi-experimental single-center study was conducted at a reference hospital in Peru. Three groups were considered: patients with BSI before ASP intervention (control group), patients with BSI after ASP intervention (group 1), and patients with BSI after ASP intervention plus BCID2 PCR Panel implementation (group 2). Overall, 93 patients were identified (32 control, 30 group 1, 31 group 2). The median time to effective therapy was significantly shorter in group 2 compared to group 1 and control group, respectively (3.75 vs. 10 h, p = 0.004; 3.75 vs. 19 h, p < 0.001). No significant differences in terms of relapse of bacteremia, in-hospital mortality (all cause), and 30-day-all-cause hospital readmission between the three study periods were found. The appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial use, adding or change, and the following de-escalation or discontinuation was significant when the two intervention periods were compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In addition to the lack of local studies documenting the microbiological profile of FN episodes, adding syndromic panels-based testing could allow for the consolidation of ASP strategies.
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BACKGROUND: CrossFit is known as a functional fitness training high-intensity exercise to improve physical performance. The most studied polymorphisms are the ACTN3 R577X gene, known for speed, power, and strength, and ACE I/D, related to endurance and strength. The present investigation analyzed the effects of training on ACTN3 and ACE gene expression in CrossFit athletes for 12 weeks. METHODS: the studies included 18 athletes from the Rx category, where ACTN3 (RR, RX, XX) and ACE (II, ID, DD) characterization of genotypes and tests of maximum strength (NSCA), power (T-Force), and aerobic endurance (Course Navette) were performed. The technique used was the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the relative expression analysis. RESULTS: the relative quantification (RQ) values for the ACTN3 gene increased their levels 2.3 times (p = 0.035), and for ACE, they increased 3.0 times (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: there is an overexpression of the ACTN3 and ACE genes due to the effect of training for 12 weeks. Additionally, the correlation of the expression of the ACTN3 (p = 0.040) and ACE (p = 0.030) genes with power was verified.
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Exercício Físico , Polimorfismo Genético , Humanos , Actinina/genética , Atletas , Genótipo , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The anatomy and physiology of the female orgasm are often neglected. The female orgasm is a normal psychophysiological function to all women, and some even can achieve ejaculation as part of the normal physiological response at the height of sexual arousal. The complexity of female sexuality requires a deep understanding of genital anatomy. The clitoris is the principal organ for female pleasure. The vaginal stimulation of the anterior vaginal wall led women to orgasm due to the stimulation of the clitourethrovaginal complex and not due to stimulation of a particular organ called the G spot in the anterior distal vaginal wall. Female ejaculation follows orgasm. It consists of the orgasmic expulsion of a smaller quantity of whitish fluid produced by the female prostate. Squirting can be differentiated from female ejaculation because it is the orgasmic transurethral expulsion of a substantial amount of diluted urine during sexual activity, and it is not considered pathological. The female orgasm is influenced by many aspects such as communication, emotional intimacy, long-standing relationship, adequate body image and self-esteem, proper touching and knowledge of the female body, regular masturbation, male sexual performance, male and female fertility, chronic pain, and capacity to engage in new sexual acts. Stronger orgasms could be achieved when clitoral stimulation, anterior vaginal wall stimulation, and oral sex is involved in the same sexual act.
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Ejaculação , Orgasmo , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Orgasmo/fisiologia , Ejaculação/fisiologia , Coito/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual , Clitóris/anatomia & histologia , Clitóris/fisiologiaRESUMO
The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are widely recognized; however, biological maturation contributions are a subject that has been little studied, which is why the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a six-week training program at moderate-intensity on the muscular strength and aerobic capacity in children between nine and 13 years (13 ± 1.0 years) according to their maturation state. Twenty-six schoolchildren (15 girls) participated in a six-week physical exercise program based on aerobic/anaerobic capacity and coordination skills. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), trunk-lift, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength (both hands) were measured as response variables. Body mass index (BMI), skeletal maturity indicator (SMI), peak height velocity (PHV), age on peak height velocity (APHV) and sex were considered as covariates. The results of VO2max, push-ups, curl-ups, and handgrip strength were higher after the exercise program in the whole group (p < 0.05). The VO2max showed a greater increase in the normal-weight than in the overweight-obesity children (p = 0.001). Higher results in dominant handgrip strength were observed in girls (p = 0.003). The PHV before intervention presented a positive correlation with the dominant handgrip strength in all kids (r = 0.70, p = 0.001). As a conclusion, the six-week training program improved the physical fitness of children independent of the maturation state. Somatic maturation increases the physical abilities in schoolchildren.
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RESUMEN La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación de la actividad física realizada sobre la aptitud física, composición corporal y calidad de vida en una población de mujeres adultas mayores de México. Estudio retrospectivo correlacional en el cual se clasificó a las mujeres según su estilo de vida activo de acuerdo a si cumple o no con las directrices publicadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS] en 2020 sobre actividad física y comportamiento sedentario. La evaluación de la actividad física se registró a través del Cuestionario IPAQ, la aptitud física a través de la batería Senior Fitness Test, la composición corporal se estimó mediante impedancia bioeléctrica y la calidad de vida con el Cuestionario SF36. Los resultados de aquellas mujeres mayores que tienen un mayor gasto energético y que cumplen con las recomendaciones del tiempo destinado a la actividad física, muestran una mejor aptitud física, composición corporal y mayor percepción de la calidad de vida, sin embargo, la mayoría no cumple con estas recomendaciones.
ABSTRACT The present research aimed to determine the relation of the physical activity carried out (active or inactive lifestyle) on physical fitness, body composition, and quality of life in a population of older adult women in Mexico. Retrospective correlational study in which women were classified according to their active lifestyle according to whether or not they comply with the guidelines published by the World Health Organization [WHO] in 2020 on physical activity and sedentary behavior. The evaluation of physical activity was recorded through the IPAQ Questionnaire, physical fitness through the Senior Fitness Test battery, body composition was estimated using bioelectrical impedance, and quality of life with the SF36 Questionnaire. As a result, we find that those elderly women who have a higher energy expenditure and who comply with the recommendations of the time allocated to physical activity, show better physical fitness, body composition, and greater perception of quality of life, however, most do not comply with these recommendations.
RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a relação da atividade física realizada na aptidão física, composição corporal e qualidade de vida em uma população de mulheres idosas no México. Estudo retrospectivo correlacional em que as mulheres foram classificadas de acordo com seu estilo de vida ativo de acordo com as diretrizes publicadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde [OMS] em 2020 sobre atividade física e comportamento sedentário. A avaliação da atividade física foi registrada através do Questionário IPAQ, a aptidão física através da bateria Senior Fitness Test, a composição corporal foi estimada através da bioimpedância elétrica e a qualidade de vida com o Questionário SF36. Os resultados daquelas idosas que possuem maior gasto energético e que cumprem as recomendações do tempo destinado à atividade física, evidenciam melhor aptidão física, composição corporal e maior percepção da qualidade de vida, porém, a maioria não cumpre, com estas recomendações.
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Humanos , Mulheres , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Qualidade de Vida , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Abstract Objective: to interpret the perception of public health nurses when they provide the Embera Chami Indians with culturally competent care. Materials and Method: interpretative ethnography with participant observation and ethnographic interviews. The participants were three public health nurses who work in an intercultural Institution providing health services. The analysis followed Leininger's proposal with support from Atlas ti and Excel. Results: the category "happy nurses with their work, extending this feeling to the personal field by creating bonds of affection with the indigenous Embera Chami" emerged and it was sustained with three subcategories. Conclusion: the public health nurses enjoy the work activities specified by the intercultural Institutions providing health services, they also enjoy the daily life offered by the work environment and the municipal situation characterized by the presence, socialization and interrelation with the Embera Chami indigenous people.
Resumen Objetivo: Interpretar la percepción de la enfermera de salud pública cuando realiza un cuidado culturalmente competente a los indígenas Embera Chami. Materiales y Métodos: etnografía interpretativa con observación participante y entrevista etnográfica. Participaron tres enfermeras de salud pública que trabajan en una Institución prestadora de servicios de salud intercultural. El análisis, siguió la propuesta de Leininger con apoyo del programa Atlas ti y Excel. Resultados: Emergió una categoría "las enfermeras felices con su trabajo, prolongando dicho sentir al campo personal al crear lazos de afecto con el indígena Embera Chami" sustentada con tres subcategorías. Conclusión: Las enfermeras de salud pública disfrutan las actividades laborales precisadas por la Institución prestadora de servicios de salud intercultural, además disfrutan la cotidianidad ofrecida por el ambiente laboral y la situación municipal caracterizada por la presencia, socialización e interrelación con los indígenas Embera Chami.
Resumo Objetivo: Interpretar a percepção da Enfermeira de saúde pública quando realiza um cuidado culturalmente competente aos indígenas Embera Chami. Materiais e Métodos: etnografia interpretativa com observação participante e entrevista etnográfica. Participação três enfermeiras de saúde pública que trabalham em uma Instituição prestadora de serviços de saúde intercultural. A análise, seguiu a propostas de Leininger com apoio do programa Atlas ti e Excel. Resultados: Surgiu uma categoria "as enfermeiras felizes com seu trabalho, prolongando esse sentir ao campo pessoal ao criar laços de afeto com o indígena Embera Chami" sustentada com três subcategorias. Conclusão: As enfermeiras de saúde pública gostam das atividades laborais precisadas pelo Instituto Nacional Previdência Social de serviços de saúde intercultural, além desfrutam da cotidianidade oferecida pelo ambiente laboral e a situação municipal caracterizada pela presença, socialização e inter-relação com os indígenas Embera Chami.
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Objetivo: presentar un plan de decisiones y acciones de enfermería basado en un enfoque transcultural a través del Modelo del Sol Naciente propuesto por Madeleine Leininger. Síntesis de contenido: investigación cualitativa tipo reporte de caso, en la que participó una familia residente del área rural del municipio de Villamaría (Caldas, Colombia) entre noviembre de 2017 y septiembre de 2018. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas sobre condiciones de cuidado individual-familiar, determinantes sociales y riesgo familiar, y se aplicaron instrumentos de valoración de la familia. La información se analizó mediante la técnica de Bardin, previa sistematización en el software ATLAS.ti. Se presenta un plan de decisiones y acciones de enfermería a la luz de una valoración coherente con la cultura, resultado de la conjunción de los sistemas populares y profesionales. Se valoraron siete factores a partir del Modelo del Sol Naciente (tecnológicos, religiosos, sociales, culturales, políticos, económicos y educativos) y se seleccionó el fenómeno "sobrecarga del cuidador familiar del adulto mayor". Conclusiones: la propuesta de abordaje otorga herramientas de análisis al profesional de enfermería para brindar cuidado según necesidades, valores, creencias y modos de vida de las personas.
Objetivo: apresentar o plano de decisões e ações de enfermagem baseado em um enfoque transcultural por meio do Modelo do Sol Nascente de Madeleine Leininger. Síntese do conteúdo: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo relato de caso, da qual participou uma família domiciliada na área rural do município de Villamaria, Caldas, Colômbia, entre novembro de 2017 e setembro de 2018. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre condições de cuidado individual-familiar, determinantes sociais e risco familiar, utilizaram-se também instrumentos de valoração da familia. A informação se analisou pela técnica de Bardin, com prévia sistematização no software ATLAS.ti. Apresenta-se um plano de decisões e ações de enfermagem à luz de uma valoração consistente com a cultura, resultado da conjunção dos sistemas populares e profissionais. Avaliaram-se sete fatores a partir do Modelo do Sol Nascente (tecnológicos, religiosos, sociais, culturais, políticos, econômicos, educativos) e se selecionou o fenômeno "sobrecarga do cuidador familiar do idoso". Conclusões: a proposta de abordagem outorga ao profissional de enfermagem ferramentas de análise para oferecer cuidado segundo necessidades, valores, crenças e modos de vida das pessoas.
Objective: To introduce a nursing decision-and-action plan based on a cross-cultural approach through the Rising Sun Model created by Madeleine Leininger. Content synthesis: Qualitative research under the case report method that involved the participation of a rural family from the municipality of Villamaría (Caldas, Colombia), from November 2017 to September 2018. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on individual-family care conditions, social determinants, and family risk. Family assessment instruments were also applied. The information was analyzed using the Bardin technique, after its systematization in ATLAS.ti software. A plan for nursing decisions and actions, resulting from the conjunction of popular and professional systems, is presented in the light of an assessment consistent with culture. Seven factors were evaluated based on the Rising Sun Model (technological, religious, social, cultural, political, economic, educational), selecting the phenomenon known as "overload of elderly family caregivers." Conclusions: The suggested approach gives nursing professionals analytical tools in order to provide care according to people's needs, values, beliefs, and lifestyles.
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Humanos , População Rural , Relatos de Casos , Enfermagem Transcultural , Cuidadores , Visita DomiciliarRESUMO
The first report of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteremia in Peru is presented. The patient was a pediatric cancer patient with a long-term central venous access device. For the diagnosis, the MicroScan Walk Away 96 automated system was used. 16S rDNA was amplified by conventional PCR, and the bacterial genus and species were identified by genetic sequencing. In addition, the bacterial resistance profile to major antimicrobials was determined. The article discusses the need to actively monitor Ralstonia mannitolilytica, especially in hospital areas of immunocompromised patients.
Se presenta el primer reporte de una bacteriemia por Ralstonia mannitolilytica en Perú. Se trata de un paciente pediátrico con cáncer que porta un dispositivo de acceso venoso central de larga duración. Para establecer el diagnóstico, se utilizó el sistema automático MicroScan Walk Away 96. Se amplificó el rADN 16S mediante PCR convencional y se identificó el género y la especie bacteriana mediante secuenciación genética. Además, se determinó el perfil de resistencia bacteriana a los principales antimicrobianos. El artículo discute la necesidad de monitorizar activamente la presencia de Ralstonia mannitolilytica, especialmente en áreas hospitalarias de pacientes inmunodeprimidos.
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Bacteriemia , Ralstonia , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Hospitais , Humanos , Peru , Ralstonia/genética , Ralstonia/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Small-scale fisheries are hard to assess because of the limited availability of data. Therefore, a method requiring easy-to-obtain catch-data is important for the assessment and management of small-scale fisheries. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fishing gear selectivity on a length-based metric method proposed by Froese by estimating three indicators using catch-data from Lane Snapper (Lutjanus synagris) collected in Honduras. These indicators are (1) the percentage of mature individuals in the catch, (2) the percentage of fish within the range of estimated optimal lengths to be captured, and (3) the percentage of fish larger than the optimal length. These indicators determine the level of overfishing. The indicators were estimated separately for catch-data corresponding to gill nets, and each indicator was estimated with and without selectivity correction. Selectivity and mesh sizes of the fishing gear had a major impact on the estimation of indicators 1 and 2. As for indicator 3, it consistently showed a high level of exploitation. The three estimated indicators suggested that the Lane Snapper fishery in Honduras is experiencing overfishing. Overall, the method appears to be promising for the assessment of small-scale fisheries, but it should be used cautiously.
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Aquicultura/métodos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Perciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Tamanho Corporal/fisiologia , Ecossistema , Pesqueiros/tendências , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Honduras , Perciformes/genética , Dinâmica Populacional , ReproduçãoRESUMO
No disponible.
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COVID-19 , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
El mundo se encuentra en una pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, la cual fue declarada una emergencia de salud pública por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en marzo del 2020, sin embargo, la propagación del virus avanzó rápidamente donde actualmente América pasa por un Brote alto de contagios con un número confirmado de 7 162 311 casos al 16 de julio del 2020 y tasas de mortalidad de 42.0 en Estados Unidos, 36.0 en Brasil y 29.9 en México por mencionar algunos países del continente. La pandemia ha obligado a tener un aislamiento social lo cual incluye el confinamiento en casa1 situación que conlleva a una restructuración en el estilo de vida de las personas, donde se disminuyen considerablemente los niveles de actividad física ya que debido a las jornadas de trabajo en este mismo lugar, el tiempo de sedentarismo y de actividades frente a pantalla se ha prolongado.....
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Exercício Físico , Infecções por Coronavirus , Betacoronavirus , Internação InvoluntáriaRESUMO
Introducción: Existe la necesidad de obtener el sentir del receptor de cuidado de enfermería culturalmente competente, sin expresar la necesidad de obtener el sentir de la Enfermera. Se interpretaron los puntos de vista de la enfermera de salud pública y del indígena emberá chamí en Riosucio, Caldas (Colombia), frente al cuidado realizado y recibido en un acto culturalmente competente. Metodología: Etnografía interpretativa con observación participante y entrevistas a profundidad participaron tres enfermeras y once indígenas. Se analizaron los datos con la propuesta de Leininger. Resultados: El patrón cultural consta de tres categorías que demuestran satisfacción entre los puntos de vista de la enfermera y del indígena frente al cuidado ofrecido y recibido. Se destaca un diálogo de saberes y profesionales con capacidades para ofrecer cuidado culturalmente competente. Conclusión: Conocer la perspectiva tanto del proveedor como receptor del cuidado permite mejorar los efectos del cuidado culturalmente competente en salud pública.
Introduction: There is a need to obtain the feel of the nursery receptor culturally competent, without the requirement of getting the nursery feel. The public health nursing and the indigenous Embera's points of view were interpreted about the care gotten in a culturally competent act. Methodology: Interpretative ethnography with participant observations and interviews. In this study participated three nurses and eleven indigenous. Data were analyzed according to Leininger's proposal. Conclusions: To know the perspectives from the receptor and the care provider, allow to improve the public health culturally competent care affects.
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Introducción: La visita domiciliaria permite el abordaje de la salud desde un enfoque biopsicosocial y de determinantes sociales. El objetivo fue analizar la evidencia científica sobre las teorías, modelos y enfoques para la enfermería familiar y cultural que permitan la fundamentación de la visita domiciliaria. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación documental entre 2007 y 2017 en inglés, español y portugués; sobre bases de datos de salud y de ciencias sociales y humanas. Los términos utilizados fueron: teoría de enfermería, visita domiciliaria, cuidado de enfermería, cultura, familia. Se hallaron 671 artículos científicos. Para el análisis se utilizó el software Atlas ti. Resultados: El concepto de visita domiciliaria se configura desde una visión plural, se destaca la inclusión de una dimensión política y se plantea la necesidad de trascender el predominante modelo médico hegemónico y proponer la visita desde un abordaje comprensivo y cultural. Conclusiones: Se identificaron teorías/modelos de enfermería y de psicología utilizados en el abordaje de la visita domiciliaria desde un enfoque familiar y cultural. Prima el modelo biomédico, por lo que se plantean enfoques alternativos para la praxis y es relevante profundizar sobre los postulados de la teoría de la diversidad y universalidad: cuidados culturales propuesta por Madeleine Leininger.
Introduction: Home visits allow to address health form a biopsychosocial approach and social determinants. The objective of the study consisted of analyzing scientific evidence of the family and cultural nursing theories, models and approaches that allow the foundation of home visits. Methodology: A documentary research was made between 2007 and 2017, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, in data bases of health, and social and human sciences. The terms used were: nursing theory, home visits, nursing care, culture and family. 671 scientific articles were found. For the analysis the software Atlas ti was used. Results: The concept of home visit is configured from a plural vision which emphasizes the inclusion of political measures and states the necessity of transcending the predominant hegemonic medical model and propose home visits from a comprehensive and cultural approach. Conclusions: Nursing and psychology theories/models were identified, which were used for addressing home visits from a family and cultural approach. The biomedical model prevails, therefore alternative approaches are considered for praxis and its relevant to go in depth on the diversity and universality theory; transcultural nursing, a proposal made by Madeleine Leininger.
Introdução: A visita domiciliar permite a abordagem da saúde desde o enfoque biológico, psicológico e de determinantes sociais. O objetivo do estudo consistiu em analisar a evidência científica sobre teorias, modelos e enfoques para a enfermagem familiar e cultural que permitam a fundamentação da visita domiciliar. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental entre 2007 e 2017, em inglês, espanhol e português, empregando buscadores da área da saúde, ciências sociais e humanas. Os descritores empregador foram: teoria de enfermagem, visita domiciliar, cuidado de enfermagem, cultura e família. Acharam-se 671 artigos científicos. Para a análise utilizou-se o software Atlas ti. Resultados: O conceito visita domiciliar configura-se desde uma visão plural, destaca-se a inclusão de uma dimensão política e planteasse a necessidade de transcender do predominante modelo médico hegemônico e propor uma visita desde a abordagem compreensiva e cultural. Conclusões: identificaram-se teorias/modelos de enfermagem e de psicologia utilizados na abordagem da visita domiciliar desde o enfoque familiar e cultural. Prima o modelo biomédico, pelo que se propõe enfoques alternativos para a práxis, sendo relevante aprofundar sobre a teoria da diversidade e a universalidade: cuidados culturais, proposta por Madeleine Leininger
Assuntos
Visita Domiciliar , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Teoria de Enfermagem , Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
Introducción. Existe la necesidad de obtener el sentir del receptor de cuidado de enfermería culturalmente competente, sin expresar la necesidad de obtener el sentir de la Enfermera. Se interpretaron los puntos de vista de la enfermera de salud pública y del indígena embera chamí en Riosucio, Caldas (Colombia), frente al cuidado realizado y recibido en un acto culturalmente competente. Metodología. Etnografía interpretativa con observación participante y entrevistas a profundidad participaron tres enfermeras y once indígenas. Se analizaron los datos con la propuesta de Leininger. Resultados. El patrón cultural consta de tres categorías, demostrando satisfacción entre los puntos de vista de la enfermera y del indígena frente al cuidado ofrecido y recibido. Se destaca un diálogo de saberes y profesionales con capacidades para ofrecer cuidado culturalmente competente. Conclusión. Conocer la perspectiva tanto del proveedor como receptor del cuidado permite mejorar los efectos del cuidado culturalmente competente en salud pública.
Introduction. There is a need to obtain the feelings of the recipient of culturally competent nursing care, without expressing the need to obtain the feelings of the nurse. The points of view of the public health nurse and the indigenous Embera Chamí in Riosucio, Caldas (Colombia) were interpreted in relation to the care given and received in a culturally competent act. Methodology. Interpretative ethnography with participant observation and in-depth interviews with the participation of three nurses and eleven indigenous people. The data were analyzed using Leininger's proposal. Results. The cultural pattern consists of three categories, showing satisfaction between the nurse's and the indigenous person's points of view regarding the care offered and received. A dialogue of knowledge and professionals with capacities to offer culturally competent care is highlighted. Conclusion. Knowing the perspective of both the provider and recipient of care allows improving the effects of culturally competent care in public health.
Introdução. É necessário obter os sentimentos do destinatário dos cuidados de enfermagem culturalmente competentes, sem expressar a necessidade de obter os sentimentos do enfermeiro. Interpretaram-se os pontos de vista da enfermeira de saúde pública e da indígena Embera Chamí em Riosucio, Caldas (Colômbia) em relação aos cuidados prestados e recebidos num ato culturalmente competente. Metodologia. Etnografia interpretativa com observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade com três enfermeiras e onze indígenas. Os dados foram analisados segundo a abordagem de Leininger. Resultados. O padrão cultural é composto por três categorias, demonstrando satisfação entre os pontos de vista do enfermeiro e do indígena em relação ao cuidado oferecido e recebido. Destaca-se o diálogo de saberes e profissionais com capacidade de oferecer um cuidado culturalmente competente. Conclusão. Conhecer a perspetiva do prestador e do recetor do cuidado permite melhorar os efeitos do cuidado culturalmente competente na saúde pública.
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Alfabetización en Salud (AS) es un término que proviene del inglés health literacy, se refiere al conjunto de habilidades sociales y cognitivas que determinan la capacidad de una persona para acceder, entender y utilizar la información de forma que le permita mantener un buen estado de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre AS y las conductas de autocuidado en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico llevado a cabo en dos centros de salud de atención primaria de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México entre agosto-noviembre de 2016. La AS se midió con el European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q47) y las conductas de autocuidado con el Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) de Toobert y Glasgow. Se eligieron 90 personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que acudían a consulta. La participación fue voluntaria y previa firma de consentimiento informado. Resultados: El autocuidado de la dieta mostró asociación con la AS en su dimensión de promoción de la salud (p=0,018). Conclusiones: La AS se relaciona con las conductas de autocuidado, en específico de la dieta; a medida que aumenta la AS mejora el autocuidado.
Abstract Introduction: Health literacy refers to the set of social and cognitive skills that define the person's ability to access, understand and utilize information in such a way that a healthy condition can be maintained. Objective: To determine the association between AS and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in two primary health care centers in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz-Mexico, from August to November 2016. The AS was measured through the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q47) and the self-care behaviors were assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) by Toobert and Glasgow. We chose 90 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended consultation at the health care centers. Although their participation was voluntary, participants were required to sign the informed consent form. Results: Diet self-care was associated with AS, in a health promotion context (p=0.018). Conclusions: AS is directly related to self-care behaviors, specifically to diet.