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Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are detected pollutants in aquatic environments worldwide at concentrations ranging from ng L-1 to µg L-1. Currently, PhAC monitoring is poorly realized in Mexico. This study proposes a priority list of PhACs in Mexican aquatic environments, considering their occurrence and environmental and human health risks. Ecological risks were assessed as Risk Quotients (RQ) values using the PhAC concentrations detected in surface water, obtaining high risks (RQ > 1) against aquatic organisms, especially of naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, 17ß-estradiol, carbamazepine, ketoprofen, caffeine. In contrast, potential human health risks (RQH) were assessed on the Mexican population using the concentrations quantified in groundwater, demonstrating potential risks (RQH > 0.2) on the population, particularly of DCF and CBZ. Thus, a priority list of PhACs can be used as a reference for environmental monitoring in Mexican water supplies as well as PhACs monitoring in countries of the Caribbean region and Central America.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , México , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Organismos Aquáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Subterrânea/análise , Água Subterrânea/química , AnimaisRESUMO
One of the activities most representative of the agricultural sector in Colombia is the production of biodegradable fique fiber. The efficiency of the defiberization process of the fique leaves is very low since a mere 4% of the total weight of the leaf (cabuya) is used and marketed. The remaining 96%, composed of fique juice and bagasse, is considered to be waste and discarded, impacting the environment. The aim of this work was to study fique bagasse as a source of cellulose nanoparticles (CNCs). CNCs were obtained by acid hydrolysis and added at 10% to films made from cassava thermoplastic starch (TPS) by the casting method. Structural changes in the CNCs, TPS, and their mixtures were characterized by FTIR-ATR and their morphology and particle size by SEM and TEM microscopy, respectively. Thermal properties were analyzed using DSC and TGA, along with their effect on mechanical properties. Changes in the FTIR spectra indicated that the chemical method adequately removed hemicellulose and lignin from the fiber surface of fique bagasse. The CNCs showed a diameter and length of 7.5 ± 3.9 and 52.7 ± 18.1 nm, respectively, and TPS 10% CNC obtained an increase in mechanical strength of 116%. The obtainment of CNCs from lignocellulosic materials can thus be viewed as a favorable option for the subsequent reinforcement of a polymeric matrix.
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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has emerged as an essential alternative to produce environmentally friendly packaging; however, retrogradation is a disadvantage that affects its shelf life. This study analyzed the co-plasticizing effect of isosorbide on the mechanical, thermal, physicochemical, and microstructural properties and the retrogradation of films obtained by blown film extrusion from thermoplasticized starch with mixtures of glycerol and isosorbide in different ratios (3:0, 2:1, 1:2, and 0:3, respectively). The results showed that the higher concentration of isosorbide significantly increased the tensile strength; however, it reduced the elongation. Retrogradation modeled using the Avrami equation showed that the presence of isosorbide reduced the retrogradation rate (k) and modified the recrystallization mechanism (n). The relative crystallinity in the plasticized TPS films was reduced to 89%, and the adsorption significantly decreased. Isosorbide was very important in reducing the retrogradation of TPS. The best performance was obtained with the 2:1 ratio of glycerol/isosorbide due to the synergistic effect between the plasticizers. The results would allow tuning the properties of TPS films by combining glycerol/isosorbide in different ratios, which enables the design of materials tailored to potential application requirements.
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This work aims to evaluate the effect of the addition of a high-protein hydrolyzed (HPH) flour from the chemical silage of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) residues on the parameters of the extrusion system physicochemical transformations and the microstructure of the extrudate. During the extrusion process, the materials used for the study were the HPH flour obtained from trout by chemical silage, fishmeal, and cassava starch. The extrudate's microstructural changes were evaluated by determining the porosity, scanning electron microscopy, the chemical changes, the amino acid profile, residual formic and lactic acid content, the molecular mass profile, the grade of hydrolysis, and in vitro digestibility. The results showed pellets with high durability due to the cohesiveness of the hydrolyzed protein flour but at the same time with low hardness due to the high porosity achieved. The monitoring carried out to the changes in the protein, such as the degree of hydrolysis, water-soluble protein, and molecular mass profile, verify the binding effect of the high-protein hydrolyzed flour during the extrusion process. Finally, the high-resolution optical microscopy methodology presented a high correlation with the phenomena presented in the experiment.
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Contamination caused by the accumulation of petrochemical-based plastics has reached worrying magnitudes and led to the development of biopolymers as an option to mitigate the problem. This work thus presents a bibliometric analysis of all that concerns the development of such bionanocomposite materials, using ScientoPy and SciMAT software to establish associations between the number of published documents, countries, institutions and most relevant topics. The bionanocomposites topic was found to throw up the biggest number of documents associated (2008) with the different types of raw materials and methods used to obtain nanoparticles and their combination with biopolymeric materials, the result known as a "bionancomposite*". Analysis of the documents related to the application for development of packaging materials from biological molecules, carbohydrate polymers, compounds, conjugates, gels, glucans, hydrogels, membranes, mucilage (source unspecified), mucoadhesives, paper, polymers, polysaccharide, saccharides etc, is also presented, emphasizing mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, which, due to the inclusion of nanoparticles mainly from natural sources of cellulose, show increases of up to 30%. The inclusion of nanoparticles, especially those derived from cellulose sources, generally seeks to increase the properties of bionanocomposite materials. Regarding an increase in mechanical properties, specifically tensile strength, inclusions at percentages not exceeding 10 wt% can register increases that exceed 30% were reported.
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Ácidos/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Biopolímeros/química , Embalagem de Alimentos , Lignina/química , Nanocompostos/química , Bibliometria , Materiais Biocompatíveis/síntese química , Análise por Conglomerados , Análise de DadosRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados a hemoptisis en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar admitidos al Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Métodos. Estudio analítico de casos y controles. Se seleccionaron pacientes con baciloscopia positiva del programa de tuberculosis del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima - Perú. Los casos fueron pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar con hemoptisis; y los controles, tuberculosis pulmonar sin hemoptisis. Se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y laboratoriales. Se empleo el software SPSS 24. Se determinaron medidas de frecuencia, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, así como los odds ratio con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%, se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p<0,05. Resultados. La hemoptisis representó el 5,8% del total de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y baciloscopia positiva, el 80% se presentó en varones menores de 60 años. El 70% de casos tuvo antecedente de hábito alcohólico (OR: 2,5 IC: 1,2-5,5); el 24% exposición a quema de biomasa (OR: 4,9 IC: 1,7-14); el 66% presentó dolor torácico (OR: 3,3 IC: 1,6-6,7); las alteraciones tomográficas estuvieron presentes en el 88% de casos (OR: 24,5 IC: 9,2-64,8); no se encontró variaciones en el perfil de coagulación. La mortalidad por hemoptisis en pacientes hospitalizados con tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopía positiva fue del 20,22%. Conclusiones. El alcoholismo crónico y la evidencia tomográfica de bronquiectasia estuvieron asociados a hemoptisis en pacientes hospitalizados por tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia positiva.
ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the factors associated with hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted at Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Methods. Analytical study of cases and controls. Patients from the tuberculosis program at Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima- Peru, were selected. The cases were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, and controls pulmonary tuberculosis without hemoptysis. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory variables were studied. SPSS 24 software is used. Frequency, central trend and dispersion measurements were determined, as well as odds ratios with their respective confidence intervals at 95%, the value of p<0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Tuberculosis hemoptysis account for 5,8% of all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 80% occurred in males under 60 years old. 70% of cases had a history of alcoholic habits (OR: 2,5 CI: 1,2-5,5); 24% exposure to biomass burning (OR: 4,9 CI: 1,7-14); 66% had chest pain (OR: 3,3 IC: 1,6-6,7); tomographic alterations were present in 88% of cases (OR: 24,5 IC: 9,2-64,8); however, no variations in the coagulation profile were found. Death from hemoptysis in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 20,22%. Conclusions. Chronic alcoholism and tomographic evidence of bronchiectasis were associated with hemoptysis in patients hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis with positive smear microscopy.
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TPS/MA/PLA is a blend of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polylactic acid (PLA) compatibilized by maleic anhydride (MA) that can be a substitute for petro-based plastics in certain applications. At the end of its life, this material must be properly disposed in treatment systems such as composting or anaerobic digestion. The biodegradability of TPS/MA/PLA, PLA, TPS and the non-compatible mixture (TPS/PLA) was evaluated in a slurry thermophilic anaerobic digestion system (STAD) according to ISO 13975-2012 standard. The anaerobic inoculum was prepared from cow manure and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. After 31â¯days of incubation, the pure PLA exhibited a 12-day lag phase and 40.41% of biodegradability. TPS, TPS/PLA and TPS/MA/PLA did not exhibit lag phase and reached 92.11%, 65.48% and 64.82% of biodegradation respectively. The slow degradation rate of PLA is attributed to its high glass transition temperature and crystallinity. In TPS/MA/PLA and TPS/PLA, about 50% of PLA and 13% to 10% of the TPS remains undegraded and MA did not affect the biodegradation of TPS/MA/PLA compared to TPS/PLA. Results suggest that, in very short retention times STAD systems, PLA based materials could not exhibit enough biodegradability.
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Biodegradação Ambiental , Anidridos Maleicos/química , Poliésteres/química , Amido/química , Anaerobiose/genética , Temperatura AltaRESUMO
Introducción: En las últimas dos décadas se han multiplicado las escuelas de Medicina Humana a nivel mundial y, específicamente, en Latinoamérica. Este aumento conlleva a una mayor población estudiantil que utilizará los centros hospitalarios como sus sedes de prácticas. Objetivo: Identificar el grado de satisfacción acerca de las prácticas hospitalarias en estudiantes de Medicina Humana de la universidad privada del Perú San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, en 2016. Métodos: Estudio no experimental, observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La población estuvo constituida por estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de cuarto, quinto y sexto años de estudios. El instrumento fue la "Escala de satisfacción de prácticas clínicas hospitalarias", constituido por 19 enunciados y estructurado en 3 dimensiones. Resultados: Se encuestó a 146 estudiantes, de los cuales el 53,4 por ciento correspondió al sexo femenino. La edad promedio fue de 23 ± 2,1 años. Se encontró que 76 estudiantes (50 por ciento) estaban "satisfechos" y "muy satisfechos" con el planeamiento, la ejecución y la evaluación de las prácticas hospitalarias. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de Medicina Humana de la universidad privada del Perú San Martín de Porres, en 2016 se encontraron satisfechos con las prácticas hospitalarias(AU)
Introduction: In the last two decades, the schools of Human Medicine have multiplied worldwide and, specifically, in Latin America. This increase leads to a larger student population that will use the hospital centers as their practice headquarters. Objective: To identify the degree of satisfaction about hospital practices in students of Human Medicine from the Peruvian private university of San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, in 2016. Methods: Non-experimental, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population was made up of students of the School of Human Medicine and belongin to the fourth, fifth and sixth academic years. The instrument was the Hospital Clinical Practice Satisfaction Scale, consisting of 19 statements and structured in 3 dimensions. Results: 146 students were surveyed, of which 53.4 percent corresponded to the female sex. The average age was 23±2.1 years. It was found that 76 students (50 prcent) were "satisfied" and "very satisfied" with the planning, execution and evaluation of hospital practices. Conclusions: The students of Human Medicine of the Peruvian private university of Peru San Martín de Porres, in 2016, were satisfied with the hospital practices(AU)
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Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Faculdades de Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Photocatalytic degradation of p-Cresol was evaluated using the mixed oxide Bi2O3/TiO2 (containing 2 and 20% wt. Bi2O3 referred as TB2 and TB20) and was compared with bare TiO2 under simulated solar radiation. Materials were prepared by the classic sol-gel method. All solids exhibited the anatase phase by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized materials presented lower crystallite size and Eg value, and also higher surface area as Bi2O3 amount was increased. Bi content was quantified showing near to 70% of theoretical values in TB2 and TB20. Bi2O3 incorporation also was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Characterization of mixed oxides suggests a homogeneous distribution of Bi2O3 on TiO2 surface. Photocatalytic tests were carried out using a catalyst loading of 1 g L-1 under simulated solar light and visible light. The incorporation of Bi2O3 in TiO2 improved the photocatalytic properties of the synthesized materials obtaining better results with TB20 than the unmodified TiO2 under both radiation sources.
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Bismuto/química , Cresóis/análise , Luz , Titânio/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Catálise , Fotólise , Luz Solar , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
The main purpose of regenerative biology is to improve human health by exploiting cellular and molecular mechanisms favoring tissue repair. In recent years, non-mammalian vertebrates have emerged as powerful model organisms to tackle the problem of tissue regeneration. Here, we analyze the process of bone repair in metamorphosing Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles subjected to traumatic skull injury. Five days after skull perforation, a dense and highly vascularized mesenchymal is apparent over the injury site. Using an in vivo bone staining procedure based on independent pulses of Alizarin red and Calcein green, we show that the deposition of new bone matrix completely closes the wound in 15â¯days. The absence of cartilage implies that bone repair follows an intramembranous ossification route. Collagen second harmonic imaging reveals that while a well-organized lamellar type of bone is deposited during development, a woven type of bone is produced during the early-phase of the regeneration process. Osteoblasts lying against the regenerating bone robustly express fibrillar collagen 1a1, SPARC and Dlx5. These analyses establish Xenopus tropicalis as a new model system to improve traumatic skull injury recovery.
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Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/fisiopatologia , Crânio/fisiopatologia , Xenopus/fisiologia , Animais , Cartilagem/metabolismo , Cartilagem/fisiopatologia , Colágeno/metabolismo , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Crânio/metabolismo , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Xenopus/metabolismoRESUMO
Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 30 años de edad, con dolor abdominal de 24 horas de evolución. A la exploración física, abdomen distendido, doloroso en epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho. Paraclínicos indicaron leucocitosis (12.400/cc), elevación de amilasa 3.2 N, lipasa 6.8 N, PCR de 192 mg/dl y procalcitonina de 0,136 ng/ml. El ultrasonido de abdomen sin signos dilatación de la vía biliar intra y extra hepática. La tomografía simple y contrastada de abdomen reportó un Baltazar C. El dolor epigástrico persistente motivó a la realización de una endoscopia digestiva alta, en la misma que se evidenció un ejemplar de Ascaris enclava-do en la papila duodenal el mismo que fue retirado con una pinza asa para cuerpo extraño. Conclusiones: la parasitosis intestinal es causa importante de obstrucción de la vía biliar y abdomen agudo inflamatorio, que requiere de oportuna atención en el enfermo.
Clinical case: male patient of 30 years of age, with abdominal pain of 24 hours of evolution. Physical examination showed distended abdomen, painful epigastrium and right hypochon-drium. Paraclinics indicated leukocytosis (12,400 / cc), elevation of amylase 3.2 N, lipase 6.8 N, CRP of 192 mg / dl and procalcitonin of 0.136 ng / ml. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed absence of dilation signs of the biliary tract intra and extra hepatic ascariasis. The simple and contrasted abdomen tomography reported a Baltazar C. The persistent epigastric pain moti-vated the performance of an upper digestive endoscopy; it was observed a specimen of asca-ris nestled in the duodenal papilla which was removed with a handle clamp for a foreign body. Conclusions: intestinal parasitosis is an important cause of obstruction of the bile duct and acute inflammatory abdomen, which requires timely attention in the patient.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pancreatite , Doenças dos Ductos Biliares , Ascaris lumbricoides , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Ductos Biliares , TomografiaRESUMO
El síndrome coronario agudo es un conjunto de entidades nosológicas que tienen como carac-terística principal, la disminución del flujo sanguíneo arterial a nivel del miocardio. Teniendo en cuenta la alta morbimortalidad y el gran impacto en costos sanitarios por complicaciones derivadas del mismo, se convierten en prioridades sus oportunos diagnóstico y tratamiento. Es por ello que el presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo principal documentar bibliográficamente esta patología y servir como una herramienta de actualización para el médico generalista y/o de especialidades clínicas afines, quienes deben estar familiarizados con las diferentes definiciones, la modalidad diagnóstica (métodos invasivos y no invasivos) y el tratamiento conservador/invasivo, para reducir de forma significativa las complicaciones derivadas de un diagnóstico tardío o sub diagnóstico, lo que puede lograrse con la estratifica-ción adecuada del riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes con dolor torácico mediante el uso de herramientas validadas, sencillas de aplicar y que orienten a una conducta terapéutica segura, principalmente en el Servicio de Emergencia en estas casas de salud. "El tiempo es músculo".
Acute coronary syndrome is a group of nosological entities whose main characteristic is the decrease in arterial blood flow at the level of the myocardium. Taking into account the high morbidity and mortality and the great impact on health costs due to complications derived from it, timely diagnosis and treatment become priorities. That is why this review article aimed to document this pathology bibliographically and serve as an updating tool for the general practitioner and/or related clinical specialties who must be familiar with the different definitions, the diagnostic modality (methods invasive and non-invasive) and conservative / invasive treatment in order to significantly reduce the complications derived from a late or sub-diagnostic diagnosis. It can be achieved with adequate stratification of cardiovascular risk in patients with chest pain through the use of tools validated, simple to apply and that guide a safe therapeutic behavior, mainly in the Emergency Service of health houses. "Time is muscle".
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Humanos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Infarto do Miocárdio , Revascularização Miocárdica , Terapêutica , Biomarcadores , DiagnósticoRESUMO
Despite intensive media coverage and international regulations, man-made persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins represent a serious environmental and health threat. Their detection by sophisticated chromatography technologies is highly complex, impeding the constant monitoring of food or environmental samples. This limitation has fostered the development of generations of bioassays exploiting the molecular function of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which binds toxic compounds and directly activates the transcription of target genes. Here, we review the rich panel of available AhR-dependent bioassays and propose a novel classification based on the source of AhR, which can either be endogenously produced by cell types or tissues naturally responsive to dioxins, or exogenously introduced into a wide range of cellular contexts. In both cases, in vitro and in vivo strategies have been engineered to monitor the formation of molecular complexes, and the activation of direct downstream targets or reporter genes. We evaluate and compare bioassays based on exogenous and endogenous AhR proteins and discuss their specific challenges, strengths and opportunities for futures applications. Undoubtedly, the dynamic field of AhR-dependent bioassays will keep providing new and original strategies to help protect human health and ecosystems from persistent organic pollutants.
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Bioensaio/métodos , Dioxinas/análise , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSDI) surface disease and its relationship with associated risk factors in patients of ophthalmic practices using OSDI questionnaire. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted Between September and December 2014 to assess the prevalence and risk factors for OSDI. RESULTS: The OSDI average value was 40.46 ± 23.62 points, with 86.4% of patients (1967) having a OSDI score higher than 12 points. Women had OSDI symptoms more frequently than men (odds ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.28) and higher OSDI score (42.12 ± 24.03 vs. 38.01 ± 22.81 points). Patients without disease were younger than the patients with severe disease (45.30 ± 18.32 vs. 50.62 ± 18.86). CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmological patients have a prevalence of 80.4% of OSDI. Female and older age was associated with ocular surface disease.
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Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Intervalos de Confiança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Xeroftalmia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y morbimortalidad del síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunológica en pacientes que viven con VIH-SIDA en TARGA en el Hospital Nacional PNP Luis N. Sáenz de enero del 2008 a mayo del 2013. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de Pacientes con diagnóstico VIH que reciben TARGA que presentan el síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunológica. Resultados: el 70 por ciento fueron varones y el 30 por ciento mujeres. Los tipo de TARGA usados con mayor frecuencia fueron: Naive (38,5 por ciento), y el cambio de esquema (34,6 por ciento).En cuanto al tipo de esquema, estuvieron basados con mayor frecuencia en inhibidores de proteasas (69,2 por ciento). Dentro de las complicaciones encontramos que el 75 por ciento fueron infecciosas y de estas las de mayor frecuencia fueron la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosos (30,8 por ciento) y criptococos neoformans (13,5 por ciento). Dentro de las complicaciones no infecciosas encontramos al linfoma no Hodgkin (15,4 por ciento). La manifestación clínica más frecuente fue la reacción inflamatoria como fiebre de origen desconocido (51,9 por ciento). En cuanto a los niveles de LTCD4 encontramos que el 55,8 por ciento presentaron valores menores de 50 cel/mL al inicio de la TARGA. El 48,1 por ciento presentaron valores de LTCD4 entre 201 a 300 cel/ml durante el SIRI. La tasa de mortalidad del síndrome de reconstitución inmunológica en pacientes con VIH que reciben TARGA, fue del 25 por ciento. Asimismo observamos una mejor sobrevida en los pacientes que recibieron inhibidores de proteasas. Conclusiones: La prevalencia del síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunológica en PVVS que reciben TARGA en el Hospital Nacional PNP Luis N. Sáenz fue de 18,4 por ciento. La morbilidad infecciosa de mayor frecuencia fue la tuberculosis y la no infecciosa fue el Linfoma no Hodgkin. El nivel de L TCD4 antes del inicio o cambio del TARGA fue menor de...
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and morbidity of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with HIV-AIDS in HAART at the National Hospital PNP Luis N. Saenz, January 2008 to May 2013. Material and Methods: A retrospective study descriptive HIV patients receiving HAART diagnosis presenting the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was made. Results: 70 per cent were male and 30 per cent female. The type of HAART used most frequently were: Naive (38.5 per cent) and the schema change (34.6 per cent) Regarding the type of scheme, were based more often on protease inhibitors (69.2 per cent). Among the complications found that, 75 per cent were infectious and these were the most frequent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (30.8 per cent) and Cryptococcus neoformans (13.5 per cent). Among the non-infectious complications of lymphoma are not Hodgkin (15.4 per cent). The most common clinical manifestation was inflammatory reaction as fever of unknown origin (51.9 per cent). As LTCD4 levels found that, 55.8 per cent had values below 50 cells/mL at the start of HAART. 48.1 per cent had values LTCD4 between 201-300 cells/ml during the SIRI. The mortality rate of immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV patients receivíng HAART, was 25 per cent. Also observed better survival in patients receiving protease inhibitors. Conclusions: The prevalence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in PLWHA receiving HAART at the National Hospital PNP Luis N Saenz was 18.4 per cent. The most frequent infectious morbidity was tuberculosis and noninfectious was non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The level of LTCD4 before initiation or change of HAART was less than 50 cells/ml, and for the manifestation of SIRI, was 201 to 300 cells/mL. The SIRI predominates in naive patients and HAART schemes based on protease inhibitors. The mortality of immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV patients receiving HAART was 25 per cent.
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Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por HIV , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/complicações , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/epidemiologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/mortalidade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción: La sarcoidosis es una enfermedad granulomatosa sistémica de causa desconocida que compromete primariamente al pulmón. Si afecta al sistema nervioso, se denomina neurosarcoidosis. El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer dicha patología y entregar elementos clínicos que permitan diagnosticarla tempranamente. Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de género masculino de 24 años de edad, previamente sano, que consulta por ptosis palpebral derecha y diplopía intermitente de 3 meses de evolución, con estudio posterior mediante resonancia nuclear magnética de cerebro que corrobora la afección del sistema nervioso central y una biopsia estereotáxica cerebral que confirma la presencia de tejido cerebral con lesiones granulomatosas no caseificantes compatible con el diagnóstico de neurosarcoidosis. Discusión: La sarcoidosis se presentará en un 95% de los casos con síntomas y signos derivados de la afección pulmonar, afectándose el sistema nervioso sólo en un 5 a un 10% de los casos. El diagnóstico se basa en la existencia de manifestaciones clínico-radiológicas compatibles, la confirmación histológica de granulomas no caseificantes y la exclusión de otras enfermedades granulomatosas.Si bien el manejo de la sarcoidosis es sintomático, en el caso de la neurosarcoidosis existe consenso en que los pacientes deben ser tratados con corticoterapia
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico por imagem , Blefaroptose , Diplopia , Doenças Palpebrais/diagnósticoRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del extracto etanólico de la hojas de Mayteus, macrocarpa, chuchuhuasi sobre la motilidad intestinal en ratón. Material y Métodos: Se utilizó 50 ratones albinos machos, con pesos medios de 25g, se empleó el método de Arbos y otros, se administró carbón activado al 5% vía oral, dosis de 0.1ml/10g, como marcador intestinal. Los grupos experimentales fueron: Control (agua destilada 0.1ml/10g de peso corporal), Sulfato de Antropina 1mg/kg, Neostigmina 1mg/kg, extractoetanólico de las hojas de M. macrocarpa 1,000mg/kg y extracto etanólicode la hojas de M. macrocarpa 200mg /kg. Para la validaci¢n estadística se usó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Tukey y Newman-keuls. Resultados: el porcentaje de recorido intestinal de carbón activado fue de 43.28%, 33.03%, 74.37%, 67.52% y 63.09% respectivamente. El test de ANOVA de dos colas reveló una p=0.0001. el test de Tukey y Newman-Keuls, indicaron un valor p<0.05 versus el control y Atropina, el test de Shapiro-Wilk presento un valor p<0.05. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de la hojas de m. macrocarpa, presenta una actividad estimulante de la motilidad intestinal del roedor.
Objective: To determine the activity of the etanolic extract from the leaves of Maytenus macrocarpa chuchuhuasi in the gastrointestinal motility in mice. Material and Methods: We used male albino mice with an average weight of 25g, Arbos and others method was applied. Activated charcoal was administered at 5% at dose of 0.1ml/10g, as an intestinal marker. The experimental groups included 0.1 ml/10g of distilled water, 1 mg/kg of atropine, 1 mg/kg of neostigmine, leave extract of M. macrocarpa 1000 mg/kg and leave extract of M. macrocarpa 2000 mg/kg. The statistical validation was based on Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Tukey and Newman-kleuls test. Results: the intestinal charcoal run percentage was 43.28%, 33.03%, 74.37%, 67.52% and 63.09% respectively. The ANOVA test result in p=0.0001. The Tukey and New-Keuls test indicated p<0.05 versus the control group and atropine, for the last the Shapiro-Wilk test result in p<0.05. Conclusions: The etanolic extract from the leaves of M. macrocarpa chuchuhuasi induced stimulating activity on gastrointestinal motility in mice.
Assuntos
Maytenus , Medicina Tradicional , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Plantas Medicinais , Ensaio ClínicoRESUMO
Los pacientes con fisuras labio alveolo palatinas presentan alteraciones en la morfología y desarrollo del maxilar superior. La alteración del desarrollo del maxilar superior involucra una serie de anomalías transversales tanto a nivel del arco dentario como a nivel esquelético, ocasionando problemas funcionales y estéticos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las dimensiones del arco dentario superior (intercanina e intermolar) y las dimensiones transversales esqueléticas (maxilar y facial) en pacientes con secuela de fisura labio-alveolo-palatina bilateral (FLAPB) y comparar sus características con un grupo control. Fueron seleccionados los registros (modelos de estudio y radiografía posteroanterior) de 37 pacientes con secuela de FLAPB y 40 pacientes no fisurados (grupo control). Las dimensiones transversales del arco dentario superior (intercanina e intermolar) y las dimensiones transversales esqueléticas (maxilar y facial) fueron medidas en los modelos de estudio (digitalizados mediante fotografías) y las radiografías posteroanteriores (mediante el análisis de Ricketts), respectivamente. No se encontró dimorfismo sexual para ninguno de los parámetros estudiados en ninguno de los grupos (p > 0.05). Los pacientes con secuela de FLAPB en el grupo etario de 6-9 años presentaron dimensiones transversales intercanina, intermolar y maxilar significativamente menores que el grupo control (p < 0.05), en el grupo etario de 10-12 años presentaron la dimensión transversal intercanina significativamente menor que el grupo control (p < 0.001) y en el grupo etario de 13-15 años presentaron la dimensión transversal intercanina significativamente menor que el grupo control (p < 0.05). La FLAPB altera las dimensiones transversales dentarias y esqueléticas, teniendo su mayor repercusión en la dimensión transversal intercanina.
The patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) present alterations in the morphology and development of the maxilla. The alteration in the development of the maxilla involves transversal anomalies at the dental arch and skeletal base, leading to functional and esthetic problems. The aim of this study was to determinate the upper dental arch dimensions (intercanine and intermolar) and the transversal skeletal dimensions (maxillary and facial) in patients with sequels of BCLP and compare their characteristics with those from a control group. The records (dental casts and posteroanterior x-rays) were from 37 BCLP patients and 40 non-cleft patients (control group). Dental arch transversal dimensions (intercanine and intermolar) and skeletal transversal dimensions were measured on dental casts (digitalized by photographs) and posteroanterior x-rays (using Ricketts analysis), respectively. Sexual dimorphism was not found in any group that had been studied (p > 0.05). The patients with sequels of BCLP in the age group from 6 - 9 years old showed intercanine, intermolar and maxillary transversal dimensions signifi- cantly smaller than the control group (p < 0.05), the age group from 10 - 12 years showed intercanine transversal dimension significantly smaller than the control group (p < 0.001) and the age group from 13 - 15 years showed intercanine transversal dimension significantly smaller than the control group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that BCLP alters the dental and skeletal transversal dimensions, and in a greater extend at the intercanine transversal dimension.
RESUMO
The bilateral patellar tendon tear is very infrequent. Various pathological conditions may affect the extensor mechanism including kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteomalacia, infection, obesity, corticosteroid therapy and even osteogenesis imperfect. We present the case of a 43-year-old male with a history of type-2 diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension and exogenous obesity, who sustained a bilateral patellar tendon tear. He received surgical and medical treatment and was followed-up for one year, with satisfactory functional outcomes.