RESUMO
The Amazon rainforest, an incredibly biodiverse ecosystem, has been increasingly vulnerable to deforestation. Despite its undeniable importance and potential, the Amazonian microbiome has historically received limited study, particularly in relation to its unique arsenal of specialized metabolites. Therefore, in this study our aim was to assess the metabolic diversity and the antifungal activity of actinobacterial strains isolated from the bulk soil of Paullinia cupana, a native crop, in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. Extracts from 24 strains were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis using an integrative approach that relied on the Chemical Structural and Compositional Similarity (CSCS) metric, GNPS molecular networking, and in silico dereplication tools. This procedure allowed the comprehensive understanding of the chemical space encompassed by these actinobacteria, which consists of features belonging to known bioactive metabolite classes and several unannotated molecular families. Among the evaluated strains, five isolates exhibited bioactivity against a panel of soybean fungal phytopathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). A focused inspection led to the annotation of pepstatins, oligomycins, hydroxamate siderophores and dorrigocins as metabolites produced by these bioactive strains, with potentially unknown compounds also comprising their metabolomes. This study introduces a pragmatic protocol grounded in established and readily available tools for the annotation of metabolites and the prioritization of strains to optimize further isolation of specialized metabolites. Conclusively, we demonstrate the relevance of the Amazonian actinobacteria as sources for bioactive metabolites useful for agriculture. We also emphasize the importance of preserving this biome and conducting more in-depth studies on its microbiota.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria , Glycine max , Metaboloma , Microbiologia do Solo , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Actinobacteria/classificação , Brasil , Glycine max/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/metabolismo , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Floresta ÚmidaRESUMO
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis strain BIB0110, a broad-range biocontrol agent isolated from cultivated eucalyptus in Brazil. The genome has a size of 4.19 Mbp, with a GC content of 45.87%, and it was assembled into 32 scaffolds.
RESUMO
Various subspecies of Apis mellifera L. were introduced to Central America since colonization 500 years ago. Hybridization increased with the entrance of the Africanized bee in Nicaragua in 1984. Rustic beekeeping activities and numerous feral swarms define the genetic pattern, reflected in phenotypic heterogeneity and remarkable differences in the behaviour of the bee colonies, especially the nest defence. Due to these facts, the question emerge about the degree of Africanization of honeybee colonies in Nicaragua. In this study, we identified Africanized honeybee colonies based on the single character "mean forewing length" and we corroborated our results by determining mitotypes using mtDNA analysis. Morphometric and genetic approaches were realized in three different geographical zones of Nicaragua and related to beehive characteristics and management. Worker bee samples were taken from the inside of 146 hives from 26 apiaries. Abdominal colour as phenotypic character was the first examination, followed by measurement of 1460 right forewings to determine corresponding probability of Africanization. More than 60% of the beehives showed phenotypic heterogeneity and mean forewing length of 8.74 mm (SD 0.16 mm) indicated a high degree of Africanization. Those results provided a selection of 96 worker bees to perform PCR of two worker bees per hive. For mitochondrial DNA analysis 14 samples from sentinel apiaries were added. Three from 61 beehives presented bees with different mtDNA. Throughout, three mitotypes of the African (A) lineage were detected; one mitotype is still unidentified. Mitotype A1 A. mellifera iberiensis was represented by 88 bees and mitotype A4 A. mellifera scutellata by 21 bees. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the PCR findings. No associations were found between mitotypes, forewing length, beehive characteristics and management. A high degree of Africanization in A. mellifera colonies represented by two predominating mitotypes from the A lineage, prevail in Neotropical Nicaragua, with mitotype A4 predominating at higher altitudes.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial , Genética Populacional , Animais , Abelhas/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Hibridização Genética , Nicarágua , FilogeniaRESUMO
The ectoparasite Varroa (Acari: Varroidae) is considered to be the main pest of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Nicaragua. The aim of this study was to determine morphotypes and mitochondrial haplotypes of the Varroa mites, related to infestation levels in A. mellifera hives in Nicaragua in a cross-sectional study (2013-2016). Samples were taken from 34 sentinel apiaries in five geographical zones; from 713 Varroa females collected during the study, 153 were selected for measurement of various morphometric characters for further classification into morphotypes. The mitochondrial haplotype was assigned to one of the two (Korean or Japanese), using the restriction by SacI of the PCR product of a fragment of the gene CO-I. Morphometric measurement and sequencing revealed the affiliation to the species Varroa destructor with a mean (± SD) body width of 1699.1 ± 60.2 µm and a body length of 1161.1 ± 34.9 µm. Body characters were significantly different among the 34 apiaries. Varroa destructor samples were classified into four morphotypes, with no significant differences in the geographical zones. As GAGCTC SacI enzyme cleavage sequences were not observed, all PCR products were identified as V. destructor Korean haplotype. The CO-I gene nucleotide sequences from two samples V. destructor showed both 100% similarity with the Korean haplotype and 99.8% similarity to the Japanese haplotype. Although the V. destructor mite was identified as a Korean haplotype, host-parasite association in 2 decades has led into a balance without entering into severe losses in the Nicaraguan apiculture.
Assuntos
Varroidae , Animais , Criação de Abelhas , Abelhas , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Haplótipos , NicaráguaRESUMO
El síndrome de Goltz llamado también hipoplasia dérmica focal es una rara dermatosis que fue definida por primera vez por Goltz en el año 1962. Se la considera una genodermatosis de presentación esporádica (95% de los pacientes) aunque se han reportado casos de transmisión familiar. Compromete estructuras derivadas del mesodermo y ectodermo con predominio en el sexo femenino acompañada de herencia dominante ligada al cromosoma X. La mutación en el gen PORCN (locus Xp11.23) es letal en la mayoría de varones. La importancia de su publicación radica en su baja frecuencia y las manifestaciones clínicas características que ayudan al establecer el diagnóstico.
Goltz syndrome, also called focal dermal hypoplasia, is a rare dermatosis that was first defined by Goltz in 1962. It is considered a genodermatosis with sporadic presentation (95% of patients) although familiar aggregation has been reported. It compromises mesodermal and ectodermal structures, most frequently in female patients, its inheritance mode is dominant X linked. The mutation in the PORCN gene (locus Xp11.23) is lethal in the majority of males. The importance of its publication lies in its low frequency and clinical characteristic that helps in establishing the correct diagnosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Hipoplasia Dérmica Focal , Cromossomo X , Doenças RarasRESUMO
La vasculitis nodular es poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 11años, procedente del área urbana del cantón Pasaje, con dermatosis persistente localizada en región posterior de pierna derecha; ha recibido múltiples tratamientos sin diagnostico especifico y sin presentar mejoría. La radiografía de tórax fue normal y la prueba de tuberculina negativa. La paciente no presentaba otros síntomas; se obtuvo muestra para biopsia, encontrando lóbulos adiposos con necrosis extensa rodeada por granulomas; el análisis de PAS no evidencia la presencia de hongos y el de Ziehl no encuentra Bacilos ácido alcohol resistentes. Este caso resalta la importancia de sospechar eritema indurado de Bazín y la de investigar exhaustivamente la existencia de tuberculosis activa.
Nodular vasculitis is infrequent in children. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl from the urban area of the canton Pasaje, who presented resistant dermatosis on the posterior right leg, receiving multiple treatments without a specific diagnosis with no health improvement. The chest X-ray was normal and tuberculin test negative. The patient did not have other symptoms; a sample was obtained for a biopsy, finding adipose lobules with extensive necrosis surrounded by granulomas. PAS analyzes: there was no evidence of fungi and Ziehl; acid alcohol resistant bacilli were not found. This case highlights the importance of suspecting erythema Induratum Bazin and an extensive research about the existence of active tuberculosis is suggested.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Dermatopatias , Vasculite , Eritema Endurado , Biópsia , Granuloma , NecroseRESUMO
Las infecciones que comprometen la vida requieren antibioticoterapia efectiva antes de haber identificado al agente causal mediante cultivo o tinción, particularmente en las UCIs, por ello, es necesario conocer la efectividad y seguridad de antibióticos emergentes, como las cefalosporinas de cuarta generación. Con este objetivo, se reclutaron 299 pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad atendidos en la UCI con infecciones graves adquiridas en la comunidad o hospital. A todos se les admitió cefepime solo (38,13 por ciento) o en combinación con otro antibiótico (61,87 por ciento) obteniendo resolución clínica y bacteriológica, en 88,8 por ciento y 92,8 por ciento de casos, respectivamente. El tratamiento con cefepime, solo en combinación con otros antibióticos, es eficaz seguro en pacientes con infecciones moderadas y severas en unidades de cuidados intensivos en nuestro país
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Cefalosporinas , Infecções , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Medicina , VenezuelaRESUMO
Most of cases of visceral larva migrans syndrome are caused by Toxocara canis larvae. Man acquires the infection by accidental ingestion of ripe eggs of the helminth. In order to find out the frequency of the presence of Toxocara sp. eggs in dog fecal specimens from public places of Santiago city in 1999 july-september a study was carried out in 84 squares and 12 parks from 32 couties. Three fecal samples were collected in each of these places, making a total of 288. Each sample was processed according to a modified Telemann method and three smears of each were microcopically examined. Toxocara sp. eggs were found in 39 (13.5 percent) fecal specimens. In 28/84 (33.3 percent) squares and in 8/12 (66.7 percent) parks these eggs were detected. These results make necessary the control of dogs and cats populations with the aim of reduce the presence of animals without responsible owners. It schould be advisable to prevent dogs and cats defecation in public areas grounds, trying to exclude these animals from recreation areas
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cães , Zonas de Recreação , Poluição Ambiental , Toxocara/isolamento & purificação , Chile/epidemiologia , Cães/parasitologia , Poluição Ambiental , Fezes/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Poluentes do Solo/isolamento & purificação , Toxocara/patogenicidade , Toxocaríase/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La autora expone y comenta, brevemente, aspectos generales de la genética del Trastorno por Déficit Atentivo con Hiperquinesis (ADHD) para la cual fueron consultados un grupo de trabajos seleccionados en su mayoría a través del sistema MEDLINE los cuales fueron publicados en la presente década. Se destaca, a través de diferentes estudios en pacientes y sus familiares biológicos y adoptivos, el papel de la herencia, al parecer de carácter multivariado, en la etiopatogenia multifactorial del trastorno, así como la importancia de la comprensión de estos aspectos para perfeccionar su validez diagnóstica y su abordaje terapéutico
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com HiperatividadeRESUMO
El Ecuador, por pertenecer al área Andina, se encuentra en proceso de desarrollo, sisendo enminentemente agrícola. La mayor parte de sus productos se cultivan en la costa y valles profundos de la sierra, posee una cultura invalorable en cuanto a su forma de vida y comportamiento, siendo ésta una de las causas principales para que se transmitan creencias y costumbres arraigadas desde la antihuedad como es la práctica de la medicina tradicional. Nosotros como parte integral del equipo de salud del servicio de Pediatría hemos detectado que la población con mayor frecuencia hace uso de la Medicina Tradicional antes de recibir tratamiento Profesional es la de Chimborazo, aspecto que queremos investigar, estudio que servirá de guía para incorporar la Medicina Profesional a la Tradicional y conjuntamente lograr una recuperación precoz del paciente evitando complicaciones futuras que peligren la vida del niño...
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Criança Hospitalizada , Medicina Tradicional , Pediatria , Características Culturais , Matico , Plantago , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Se presenta el primer caso reportado en la literatura de absorción de mercurio metálico inoculado en piel, en el que se produjo una reacción granulomatosa tipo tatuaje y un cuadro clínico de intoxicación mercurial. En la literatura revisada no se encontró ningún caso de intoxicación mercurial por inoculación de mercurio metálico. Se determinaron elevadas concentraciones de mercurio en sangre, orina y a nivel intralesional. Se exponen los posibles efectos tóxicos del mercurio en el organismo cuando se administra por vía intradérmica
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Intoxicação por Mercúrio/patologia , Mercúrio/efeitos adversos , Tatuagem/efeitos adversos , Intoxicação por Mercúrio/complicaçõesRESUMO
Se estudiaron 200 profesionales de la Odontología:129 odontologos, 84 del sexo femenino y 45 del sexo masculino y 71 higienistas procedentes de diferentes estados del territorio nacional (Lara, Táchira, Guárico, Mérida, Cojedes, Yaracuy, Aragua y Dto. Federal. Se incluyen parámetros, tales como:-Datos filiatorios. Antecedentes familiares, antecedentes personales, sintomatología clínica, descripción del lugar de trabajo y de su actividad en el mismo, resultados de análisis de mercurio en orina, sangre y cabello; concentración de vapores de mercurio en lugares de trabajo; tratamiento. Se demostró que en la profesión odontológica hay desconocimiento casi total del riesgo. Mercurio como factor de contaminación que gran cantidad de ellos presentan sintomatología clásica de predominio neurológico, muy pocos de ellos conocen su coeficiente de contaminación mercurial, ni personal ni ambiental que en pocas oportunidades se han practicado tales mediciones; en sus ambientes de trabajo no se cumplen en su totalidad, las reglas de prevención y muchos de ellos no las conocen. Se trató la acción teratogénica de profesionales en sus más diversos grados, en los hijos de estos profesionales, lo cual se ha confirmado en el estudio citogenético realizado en un hijo de una higienista, portador de Hidrargirismo Congénito