RESUMO
Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B variant Java sequence type 28 is prevalent in poultry and poultry meat. We investigated the evolutionary relatedness between sequence type 28 strains from Europe and Latin America using time-resolved phylogeny and principal component analysis. We sequenced isolates from Colombia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and the Netherlands and complemented them with publicly available genomes from Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Phylogenetic time trees and effective population sizes (Ne) showed separate clustering of strains from Latin America and Europe. The separation is estimated to have occurred during the 1980s. Ne of strains increased sharply in Europe around 1995 and in Latin America around 2005. Principal component analysis on noncore genes showed a clear distinction between strains from Europe and Latin America, whereas the plasmid gene content was similar. Regardless of the evolutionary separation, similar features of resistance to ß-lactams and quinolones/fluoroquinolones indicated parallel evolution of antimicrobial resistance in both regions.
Assuntos
Salmonella enterica , Salmonella paratyphi B , África , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Colômbia , Costa Rica , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Guatemala , Indonésia , América Latina/epidemiologia , Oriente Médio , Países Baixos , Filogenia , Aves Domésticas , Salmonella enterica/genética , Salmonella paratyphi B/genéticaRESUMO
The Cecropia genus is widely distributed in Latin America including at least 60 species, and some of them are commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. We used Cecropia pachystachya Trécul to search for quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors compounds and found that the aqueous extract of C. pachystachya leaves is a promising source of substances with this activity. Using as biosensor Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532 and Escherichia coli pSB403, the compounds chlorogenic acid (2), isoorientin (3), orientin (4), isovitexin (6), vitexin (7), and rutin (9) were identified as QS inhibitors. None of these compounds inhibited the growth of neither the used biosensors nor the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 23591, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, used here as growth inhibition controls. Along with the rutin, here we presented for the first time the QS-inhibition potential of the C-glycosyl flavonoids. The prospective of this evidence lead to the use of these compounds as antipathogenic drugs or antifoulants.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Cecropia/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Percepção de Quorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
La dermatopatología es una de las más valiosas ayudas diagnósticas en la enfermedad dermatológica de todas las especies animales. El método de análisis de patrones en la lectura histopatológica ha revolucionado el campo de la dermatohistopatología y ha permitido un mejor acercamiento al diagnóstico final de las dermatopatías. Existen nueve patrones histológicos básicos: dermatitis perivascular superficial, dermatitis perivascular superficial y profunda, dermatitis nodular y difusa, dermatitis vesicular y pustulosa intraepidérmica, dermatitis vesicular y pustular subepidérmica, perifoliculitis, foliculitis y forunculosis, dermatitis fibrosante, vasculitis y paniculitis; a partir de estos patrones se genera una lista de diagnósticos diferenciales que conducen fácilmente al diagnóstico final. Es importante que tanto clínicos como patólogos se familiaricen con el uso de estos patrones en beneficio de la interpretación diagnóstica.
Assuntos
Animais , Animais , Anormalidades da Pele , Diagnóstico , Doença , Dermatite , FoliculiteRESUMO
La piel es uno de los órganos más extensos del cuerpo y cumple múltiples funciones: metabólicas, de termorregulación, sensibilidad y protección; está formada por tres capas: la epidermis, la dermis y la hipodermis; en la dermis se encuentran los anexos: folículos pilosos, glándulas sebáceas y glándulas sudoríparas; dentro de los apéndices se encuentran las uñas. Aunque la arquitectura de la piel en los animales domésticos es muy similar, existen variaciones entre especies y aun dentro de un mismo individuo en cuanto al espesor de la epidermis y la dermis, las clases y la disposición de los folículos pilosos y las estructuras anexas. Teniendo en cuenta que las enfermedades dermatológicas son muy frecuentes en la práctica clínica con pequeños animales, en el presente artículo se revisan los aspectos histológicos normales de la piel del perro para poder comprender los cambios que ocurren en la enfermedad dermatológica en esta especie.
Assuntos
Cães , Derme , Epiderme , Histologia , Pele , Cães , Tela SubcutâneaRESUMO
Because of the possibility of surgical treatment of double inlet left ventricle, its basic morphologic features of surgical and imaging importance are analyzed. Seventeen hearts were studied with the segmental sequential system. The situs was solitus in thirteen; dextroisomerism in three and levoisomerism in one. The atrioventricular valves were separated in nine; there was a common atrioventricular valve in eight; straddling of the atrioventricular valve in seven and stenosis in two. The rudimentary right ventricle was to the right side in twelve hearts and to the left side in five. The discordant ventriculoarterial connection was the most frequent (seven), followed by the concordant one (five) and double outlet right ventricle (five). There was pulmonary stenosis in five. The ventricular septum did not reach the crux cordis. The ventricular septal defect was bigger in straddling atrioventricular valves than in valves completely open into the left ventricle, being restrictive in ventriculoarterial concordance. Surgical treatment varies as the complexity of this cardiopathy does, from cardiac septation to palliation procedures. The morphologic knowledge of this cardiac malformation is basic to interpret correctly the diagnostic imaging.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/anormalidades , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Dextrocardia/patologia , Dupla Via de Saída do Ventrículo Direito/diagnóstico , Dupla Via de Saída do Ventrículo Direito/patologia , Dupla Via de Saída do Ventrículo Direito/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/embriologia , Comunicação Interventricular/diagnóstico , Comunicação Interventricular/patologia , Comunicação Interventricular/cirurgia , Valvas Cardíacas/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/cirurgia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Levocardia/patologiaRESUMO
Fifty seven hearts with absence of atrioventricular (A-V) connection were studied morphologically to specify their types of ventriculoarterial connection and their associated anomalies; the anatomic features of the hearts were correlated with their echocardiographic and cardioangiographic images in order to establish their mutual correspondence. Fifty six hearts had situs solitus; fifty specimens had right absent A-V connection and six had left absent A-V connection. One had situs inversus. All the specimens had: A deep A-V sulcus at the site of the absent A-V connection, a dimple in the muscular floor of the involved atrium connected with the dilated and hypertrophic left ventricle, incomplete right ventricle without inlet portion, ventricular septal defect of variable dimensions (it was obliterated in two), atrial septal defect, the ventricular septum deviated from the crux cordis. The left absent A-V connection had ventricular inversion and discordant ventriculoarterial connection. In the right absent A-V connection the ventriculoarterial connections were concordant in thirty eight hearts, from which thirty four had pulmonary stenosis both infundibular and valvular (five had the tetrad of Fallot), two had pulmonary valve atresia and two had a dilated pulmonary artery; discordant in nine hearts, one with aortic atresia; double outlet, from the right ventricle in two, (one with the tetrad of Fallot) and from the left ventricle in one. The heart in situs inversus had ventricular inversion, right absent A-V connection (left-sided), single (right) ventricle and atresia of the left ventricle. The correlations between cardiac morphology and imaging were precise. Developmentally, this cardiopathy is the result of an ectopic unequally lateralized septation of the common atrioventricular canal, which separates two canals, one stenotic leading to atresia and the other which develops too wide.
Assuntos
Comunicação Interatrial/patologia , Comunicação Interventricular/patologia , Humanos , Situs Inversus/patologiaRESUMO
In order to inform the pathologic features and their associated anomalies twenty five hearts with common trunk were studied with the segmental sequential system. An anatomico-embryological correlation was made to understand the pathological complex of this malformation. The results were: type I truncus (96%), infundibular ventricular septal defect (96%), displastic truncal valve (28%), ventriculo infundibular fold (92%), left coronary artery arising from the posterior wall of the truncus (75%), right coronary artery arising from their anterior wall (96%), coronary arteries arising from opposite Valsalva sinuses in the tetracuspid valves; the biventricular conection of the truncus was balanced in 60%, prevailing on the right (16%) or on the left (16%) ventricles. Among the associated anomalies there were right aortic arch, interruption of the aortic arch, anomalous origin of the left subclavian artery, vascular ring, aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva, and absence of the left branch of the pulmonary artery. Developmentally common trunk is explained as a failure of truncoconal septation in the embryonic heart; a migration arrest of neural crest cells is implicated in the Di George syndrome. Knowledge of the anatomic features of common trunk and their associated anomalies, provides the morphological basis to interpret correctly the clinical diagnostic imagenology.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Aorta Torácica/anormalidades , Aneurisma Aórtico/congênito , Aneurisma Aórtico/patologia , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/patologia , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/patologia , Comunicação Interventricular/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Seio Aórtico/anormalidadesRESUMO
In order to offer a pathogenetic explanation for the absence of atrioventricular connexion, a correlation was made between the pathologic anatomy of this cardiac malformation and the embryonic processes which take part in the septation of the atrioventricular canal and the development of atrioventricular connections. The correspondence was made between the development of the canal's atrioventricular cushions, the septation of the common atrioventricular canal, the right and left atrioventricular canals and the morphogenesis of the mitral valve, all these processes were correlated with the anatomic elements derived from them. This led to infer that the malposition of the atrioventricular cushions divide the common atrioventricular canal unequally, giving rise to a narrow canal becoming atretic and a big canal where the mitral valve is evolved. The extreme lateralization of the atrioventricular septum to the right side would led to the absence of the right atrioventricular connection and the same process but to the left side, would give rise to the left absence of the atrioventricular connection. This ectopic septation process is supported by similar ones which can occur in other segments of the heart such as in tetralogy of Fallot and the transposition of the great arteries. This hypothesis explains sufficiently the pathologic anatomy of this type of congenital heart disease.
Assuntos
Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/embriologia , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/patologia , HumanosRESUMO
We describe 4 cases of congenitally corrected transposition associated with atrioventricular septal defect, diagnosed by echocardiography and angiocardiography. Two had usual atrial arrangement and two had mirror imaged atrial arrangement . All cases were associated with subpulmonary valvar stenosis. All patients presented with cyanosis and were in sinus rhythm. Atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction was easily diagnosed on the basis of a common atrioventricular valve permitting interatrial and interventricular communications. All patients had balanced right and left ventricles. The echocardiographic recognition of the ventricles was based on the presence of the moderator band within the morphologically right ventricle, the characteristics of the apical septal trabeculations, and the shape of the ventricles. Angiocardiographic recognition of the ventricles was achieved on the basis of right and left ventriculography. In one case with usual atrial arrangement, we recorded two His bundle potentials, one anteriorly and another posteriorly. Atrial stimulation revealed blocked atrioventricular conduction at the level of the posterior bundle, and normal atrioventricular conduction through the anterior bundle. In both cases with atrial mirror-imagery, only a posterior His bundle potential was found, with normal atrioventricular conduction revealed by atrial stimulation The clinical course with this combination depends on the other lesions present in addition to the common atrioventricular valve. Our electrophysiological studies show that the conduction system in presence of a common atrioventricular valve is as expected for congenitally corrected transposition with two atrioventricular valves.
Assuntos
Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/cirurgia , Transposição dos Grandes Vasos/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Angiocardiografia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/complicações , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/diagnóstico , Defeitos dos Septos Cardíacos/fisiopatologia , Comunicação Interatrial/cirurgia , Comunicação Interventricular/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Transposição dos Grandes Vasos/complicações , Transposição dos Grandes Vasos/diagnóstico , Transposição dos Grandes Vasos/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The role of diet, acculturation, and physical activity on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was examined among 1,420 Mexican American, 388 Cuban American, and 542 Puerto Rican women who responded to the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected in 1982-4. Dietary intake measures included sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber, ethanol, and total kilocalories as estimated from 24-hour recall data. Serum sodium/potassium ratio was included as a measure of metabolic function. Acculturation was measured using language preference, speaking, reading and writing. Physical activity included recreational and non-recreational activities. Other correlates included age, education, and body composition. Final models indicated that age and body composition were significantly associated with blood pressure across all three Hispanic subgroups. Among Mexican-American women, acculturation had an impact on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure that was independent of diet, body composition, and physical activity. Furthermore, the dietary intake of specific nutrients such as sodium and potassium did not appear to be as important as the way the individual metabolized those nutrients, as indicated by the serum sodium/potassium ratio. The strong association of body mass index with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among all three ethnic groups reinforces the need to maintain an appropriate body weight.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Pressão Sanguínea , Dieta , Hispânico ou Latino , Aptidão Física , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Cuba/etnologia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos , Porto Rico/etnologiaRESUMO
The literature published of the Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve have been given little attention to the study of the trabecular portion of the right ventricle. This motivate us to study the morphology of twenty-three hearts by the segmentary sequential method determining with special interest the extension and grade of valvular attachment, dysplasia, characteristics of the trabecular portion of the right ventricle and associated anomalies. The three valves had some grade of attachment but this was less frequently in the anterior valve. However in our material this occurred in 43% which is consider high comparing with the rest of the literature; the trabecular portion had several bands at this zone and it was covered by the valve attachment. The downward displacement of the functional ring was directly proportional to the valve attachment. The structural anomalies of the right ventricle related to the valve malformation lead us to consider that the primary damage that causes this cardiopathy occurred at the right ventricle during the embryonic development altering the morphogenesis of the tricuspid valve.
Assuntos
Anomalia de Ebstein/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Valva Aórtica/patologia , Anomalia de Ebstein/etiologia , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Septos Cardíacos/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Valva Mitral/patologia , Valva Tricúspide/patologiaRESUMO
The sensitivity, simplicity, and relative rapidity of Coomassie blue staining have made this technique the method of choice for routine detection and quantitative analysis of gel electrophoresis-separated protein bands in many applications. To extend the usefulness of this technique, we have developed a new double-staining method for visualizing SDS-PAGE-separated protein bands that were undetected by Coomassie blue staining of the gel. Coomassie blue-stained gels are washed in distilled water (15 min, two times) and then subjected to imidazole-zinc reverse staining. As a result of the method, a homogeneous white-stained background is generated and two types of protein bands can be observed: (a) typical Coomassie blue-stained bands, which appear superposed on larger transparent bands; and (b) reverse-stained (transparent) bands, which were previously undetected by the Coomassie blue staining. The method is rapid, simple, and reproducible and double-staining gels can be kept in distilled water for months without loss of the protein pattern. The overall sensitivity is high (e.g., 1.6 ng for recombinant streptokinase, 47 kDa) over a wide range of protein molecular weights (10 to 100 kDa) and independent of the degree of Coomassie blue destaining of the gel. Furthermore, a mechanism offering a consistent explanation for the role of imidazole, SDS, and zinc in the reverse staining of gels, particularly after Coomassie blue staining is proposed.
Assuntos
Proteínas/análise , Corantes de Rosanilina , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Imidazóis , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio , Coloração e Rotulagem , ZincoRESUMO
To demonstrate that the right ventricular infundibulum changes its spatial orientation in hearts with complete transposition of the great arteries, sixty five hearts with this malformation, with anterior and right sided aorta were studied morphometrically. The inlet apex and infundibular arises in the right ventricule were interrelated. The angles formed by the intersection of both arises were measured, and the results were compared with those obtained from a similar study in thirty five normal hearts. The angles obtained in the hearts with transposition of the great arteries were of 156.5 degrees, and those measured in the normal hearts were of 126.6 degrees. This difference was interpreted as an indicator of a vertical shift of the right ventricular infundibulum toward the right, to the same side in which the aorta is located and with which it is connected. In this way this outlet looses its leftward direction observed in normal hearts. It is concluded that although complete transpositions of the great arteries developmentally has its origin primarily in the truncus of the embryonic heart, the infundibulum is also involved modifying its position.
Assuntos
Miocárdio/patologia , Transposição dos Grandes Vasos/patologia , Aorta/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Artéria Pulmonar/patologiaRESUMO
The authors describe the morphogenesis and functional alterations of the coronary arterial net in the ectopic coronary arteries: a) with origin in the aorta or its branches and b) with origin in the pulmonary artery. The coronary arteries are developed from: 1) endothelial sprouts localized in the great arteries walls at the level of the sigmoidal values, 2) right and left subepicardial vascular network and 3) the intramyocardial sinusoids. Most of the ectopic coronary arteries result from alterations in the connection between these three embryonic elements. The deviation of one of the subepicardial vascular network in a wrong way (in direction of pulmonary artery or the opposite Valsalva sinus) will stimulate the development of endothelial sprouts which will connect such network originating abnormal connections and anomalous origin of the coronary arteries. The origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery is in compatible with life. Myocardial ischemia is absent in patients with type I (infant) or type II (adult) anomalous origin of one coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, only in the transitional phase between both types (I and II) there is myocardial ischemia previous to the formation of the collateral coronary circulation. The ectopic origin of the coronary artery from the aortic Valsalva sinus have very little hemodynamic repercussion in the patient. Although there are cases with postexercise sudden dead. These anomalies associated to atherosclerotic coronary stenosis have an impact on the evolution and prognosis of ischemic heart disease.
Assuntos
Aorta , Coristoma/fisiopatologia , Doença das Coronárias/fisiopatologia , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Artéria Pulmonar , Seio Aórtico , Adulto , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Coristoma/complicações , Coristoma/diagnóstico , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , MorfogêneseRESUMO
In order to explain the congenital coronary arteries malformations, the authors review the recent concepts on the coronary artery morphogenesis, based in the findings that in the human embryo, these arteries evolve from three sources: 1) endothelial aortic buds, 2) cavitary cellular groups from pericardial origin and with angiogenic character, which migrate to the cardiac zones where the coronary arteries will be distributed, and 3) the intramyocardial sinusoids. The anatomic and histologic cardiac alterations will be reflected in modifications of the coronary artery pattern. The coronary artery fistulae are formed by the persistence of the sponge structure of the myocardial wall, present in the early ontogenic steps of the cardiac development; such fistulae alter the normal functions of the coronary vascular tree and are capable to cause angina pectoris to the patient through diverse mechanisms: absence of capillarization, steal phenomenon aggravated by the altered coronary arteries properties when aneurysm or vascular channels are developed. The authors suggest a classification of the congenital coronary arteries anomalies: I. Anomalous origin in the sinus of Valsalva (anomalous and ectopic origin), II. Malformations of the coronary branches (in number, distribution and wall anomalies) and III. Anomalous connection of the coronary arteries: fistulae and persistence of the intramyocardial sinusoids isolated or communicated to left and right ventricles. The latter are frequently associated with aortic or pulmonary valve atresia. They do not cause myocardial ischemia and are formed secondary to the intracavitary elevated pressure which maintained the persistence, dilatation and communication of the ventricular chambers with such sinusoids and coronary arteries in the case of pulmonary valve atresia and with coronary veins in the case of aortic valve atresia.
Assuntos
Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/embriologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/etiologia , Angiografia Digital , Criança , Angiografia Coronária , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , MasculinoRESUMO
Forty hearts with Ebstein's disease of the tricuspid valve were studied in order to correlate dysplasia and attachment of tricuspid valve leaflets at the ventricular walls, atrialization of the right ventricle and fibrosis in this chamber. The correlation was positive. The right ventricular atrialization was directly proportional to leaflet attachment; the correlation in severity between leaflet attachment; the correlation in severity between leaflet attachment and dysplasia was positive in 45%. The right ventricular fibrosis was very frequent in the group with patent pulmonary valve (90%), and the contrary was in the group with pulmonary valve atresia (10%). The structural damage in the right ventricular wall was directly proportional to leaflet attachment in hearts with patent pulmonary valve (90%); in all of these hearts the anatomic annulus of the tricuspid valve was enlarged but in hearts with pulmonary valve atresia this feature only occurred in 10%. The specimens with atrioventricular discordant connexion, the anatomic annulus size, the degree of leaflet attachment, the dysplasia of the tricuspid valve as well as the fibrosis of the wall of the right ventricle were less severe compared with those hearts with concordant atrioventricular connexion. Ebstein's disease of the tricuspid valve is characterized by a disorder in the histodifferentiation of the right ventricle and the tricuspid valve which originates in great part from it.
Assuntos
Anomalia de Ebstein/patologia , Valva Pulmonar/patologia , Valva Tricúspide/patologia , Anomalia de Ebstein/classificação , Fibrose/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Valva Pulmonar/anormalidades , Aderências Teciduais/patologia , Valva Tricúspide/anormalidadesRESUMO
The goal of this paper has been to count and describe congenital heart disease associated with double conus. We studied 196 pathologic specimens from to the Pathologic Collection of the Department of Embryology of the National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez" of México. We found 3% of double conus in classic tricuspid atresia with concordant ventriculoarterial connection, 53% with double outlet right ventricle, 16% with discordant ventriculoarterial connection, 91% with double outlet single ventricle, 8% with one outlet right ventricle with pulmonary atresia, 20% with one outlet left ventricle and 25% with one outlet single ventricle. The morphological data of the associated anomalies were gathered in an informatized sheet designed according the segmental and sequential approach to diagnose congenital heart disease. From our results we conclude that double conus cannot be considered pathognomonic of any congenital cardiopathy, although they appear associated more frequently with truncoconal anomalies and single ventricle. It is frequent the association between double conus and stenosis of one of them, specially the subpulmonary one. We found great association between left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages and double conus.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Processamento Eletrônico de Dados , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/anormalidades , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Artéria Pulmonar/patologiaRESUMO
An anatomical embryological and histological study of a malformed heart is presented in which the right concordant atrioventricular connexion is unguarded by the tricuspid valve, due to absence of the three leaflets, chordae tendinae and papillary muscles; only the fibrous ring is present in the atrioventricular junction. This very rare malformation is associated with atresia of the valve connected with the right ventricle generally being the pulmonary valve; the ventricular septum is intact. This congenital lesion always present fibrosis in the free wall of the right ventricle. We believe a primary pathogenetic step occurs in the wall of the right ventricle which prevents the morphogenesis of the tricuspid valve from this ventricle. This malformation must be distinguish from Ebstein's disease and Uhl's disease, although they are pathogenetically related.
Assuntos
Valva Tricúspide/anormalidades , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Anomalia de Ebstein/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Valva Tricúspide/embriologia , Valva Tricúspide/patologiaRESUMO
In 19 human fetal and newborn hearts with atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), not associated with other anomalies, the two ventricles were studied morphometrically. A total of 17 different parameters were studied: nine in the right ventricle and eight in the left. In the right ventricle we analyzed ventricular wall thickness, length of right ventricular inflow and outflow tracts, and volume of right ventricular inflow and outflow tracts. The data for these parameters were compared with the patterns of normality published previously, and the volumetric data were compared with patterns of normality published previously by us. The ventricular inflow tract was shorter than the outflow tract, the difference being especially significant in the left ventricle. The length of the diaphragmatic wall of the heart in both the right and left ventricle was equal to the sum of the length of the inflow tract and the thickness of the ventricular wall at the apex.
Assuntos
Comunicação Atrioventricular/patologia , Feto , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Recém-Nascido , Antropometria , Peso Corporal , Valvas Cardíacas/patologia , Humanos , Miocárdio/patologiaRESUMO
Se describe un proceso discontinuo para la producción del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (EGF-h) en Saccharomyces cerevisiae, con el promotor de la gliceraldehido 3-fosfato deshidrogensa (GAP) y el sistema de secreción del factor alfa. La proteina se excreta al medio de cultivo lo que facilita la purificación. Utilizando separaciones cromatográficas de intercambio iónico y exclusión molecular se obtuvo un producto de pureza superior al 95% según los análisis en cromtografía de fase inversa y electroforesis en geles SDF poliacrilamida. El proceso mostró un rendimiento de 36%. Se demostró que el producto obtenido fue biológicamente activo