RESUMO
The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 (TiO2/SBA-15) was evaluated for the photodegradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ), as target contaminant of emerging concern (CEC), using either pure water solutions (PW) or a real secondary urban wastewater (UWW) spiked with SDZ. For this purpose, TiO2/SBA-15 samples with 10, 20 and 30% TiO2 (w/w) were prepared by the sol-gel post synthetic method on pre-formed SBA-15, using titanium (IV) isopropoxide as a precursor. The TiO2/SBA-15 materials were characterized by HRTEM, SAXS and XRD, nitrogen adsorption isotherms and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. TiO2 NPs were shown to be attached onto the external surface, decorating the SBA-15 particles. The TiO2/SBA-15 catalysts were active in SDZ photodegradation using the annular FluHelik photoreactor, when irradiated with UVA light. The 30% TiO2/SBA-15 sample presented the best performance in optimization tests performed using PW, and it was further used for the tests with UWW. The photocatalytic activity of 30% TiO2/SBA-15 was higher (56% SDZ degradation) than that of standard TiO2-P25 (32% SDZ degradation) in the removal of SDZ spiked in the UWW ([SDZ] = 2 mg L-1). The photodegradation of SDZ with 30% TiO2/SBA-15 eached 90% for UWW spiked with a lower SDZ concentration ([SDZ] = 40 µg L-1). Aside of SDZ, a suit of 65 other CECs were also identified in the UWW sample using LC-MS spectrometry. A fast-screening test showed the heterogeneous photocatalytic system was able to remove most of the detected CECs from UWW, by either adsorption and/or photocatalysis.
Assuntos
Dióxido de Silício , Águas Residuárias , Espalhamento a Baixo Ângulo , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
A Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (Famema) é reconhecida por favorecer o ensino baseado na prática e centrado no estudante. Os estudantes são inseridos em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), onde interagem com a comunidade no desenvolvimento de ações - reflexões - ações, por meio da realização de visitas domiciliárias durante os dois primeiros anos dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina. Tais visitas são consideradas ferramentas para a compreensão e o cuidado em necessidades de saúde da família. Dessa maneira, elas têm por objetivo englobar os aspectos sociais, psicológicos e econômicos do indivíduo. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa avalia comparativamente a opinião dos estudantes e das famílias que realizaram e receberam visitas domiciliárias. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e quantitativo que informa a opinião das famílias e dos estudantes a respeito das visitas domiciliárias. Conclusões: As famílias e os estudantes consideram importante a valorização e o aprimoramento da prática, visando à construção humanizada do processo saúde-doença, incentivando, desde o princípio, a formação acadêmica e o vínculo integral entre profissional da saúde e paciente.
The Marilia Medical School (Famema) is known for promoting practice-based and student-centred teaching. Students are placed in different Family Health Units (USF), where they can interact with the community in the development of action - reflection - action by performing home visits during the first two years of the Nursing and Medicine courses. Home visits are considered tools for understanding and caring for family health needs and as such embrace the social, psychological and economic aspects of the individual. Objective: This research investigated and compared the opinions of the student visitors and families who received home visits. Methods: This descriptive and quantitative research informs the opinions of the families and students about the visits. Conclusions: The families and students think it is important to continue investing in and improving this practice, aiming toward a humanized construction of the health-disease process and encouraging stronger ties between the health professional and patient since the start of medical academic education.