RESUMO
Physalia physalis is a marine cnidarian from which high molecular weight toxins with hemolytic and neurotoxic effects have been isolated. In the present work, two novel toxins, PpV9.4 and PpV19.3 were purified from P. physalis by bioactive guideline isolation. It involved two steps of column chromatography, gel filtration and RP-HPLC. The molecular weights were 550.7 and 4720.9 Da for PpV9.4 and PpV19.3, respectively. In the light of the Edman sequencing results, the structure of these toxins included the presence of modified amino acids. Both toxins increased the percentage of insulin secreting beta-cells and induced cytosolic Ca2+ elevation. To date, this is the first report of low molecular weight toxins increasing insulin secretion purified from cnidarians, by constituting a new approach to the study of beta-cells physiology.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Hidrozoários/metabolismo , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Insulina/metabolismo , Toxinas Biológicas/farmacologia , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografia em Gel , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Secreção de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Toxinas Biológicas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The chemical composition of water and milk based ice pops produced by a microindustry in Hidalgo, Mexico were determined. Fifteen samples of several flavors were analyzed. The proximate composition was carried out according AOAC techniques. The identification and quantification of fatty acids in the milk based ice pops was performed by Gas Chromatography provided with a flame ionization detector. Water based ice pops did not present a significant nutritional value. Regarding milk based ice pops all samples contained from 6.83 to 12.7% offat and some samples showed interesting contents of protein (3.55 and 4.21%). The fatty acid profile revealed higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids compared with saturated fatty acids. Trans fatty acids were detected in five of seven milk based samples, representing 20-60% of total fatty acids. Analysis showed that the mixes used to prepare ice pops are different according to their flavor, kind, and amount of fruit which alters their nutritional value and the levels of trans-fatty acids.
Se determinó la composición química de paletas congeladas, en base agua y en base láctea, producidas por una microindustria en Hidalgo, México. Se analizaron quince muestras de diferentes sabores. La composición proximal se llevó a cabo de acuerdo a las técnicas de la AOAC. La identificación y cuantificación de ácidos grasos en las paletas base láctea se realizó por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama. Las paletas base agua no presentaron un valor nutricional significativo. Con respecto a las paletas base láctea, se observaron contenidos de grasa de 6.83 a 12.7%; algunas presentaron valores interesantes de proteína (3.55 y 4.21%). El perfil de ácidos grasos reveló altos contenidos de ácidos grasos insaturados comparados con los saturados. Cinco de las siete paletas de base láctea analizadas presentaron ácidos grasos trans, representando 20-60% del total de ácidos grasos. Los análisis realizados han mostrado que las mezclas usadas para preparar las paletas son diferentes de acuerdo a su sabor, tipo y cantidad de fruta la cual modifica el valor nutricional y el nivel de ácidos grasos trans.
Assuntos
Indústria Alimentícia , Cromatografia Gasosa , Fenômenos Químicos , Gelados Comestíveis , Ácidos Graxos , MéxicoRESUMO
The aim of this work was to increase the protein content ofan amaranth drink (Amarantole) with different proteins sources (chickpea, pea, lacto serum, powdered milk and soybean milk). Different mixtures of Amarantole-protein mix were prepared in four proportions (80:20,75:25,70:30 and 60:40). The best mixtures were selected according to the increase in the protein content and its sensory characteristics assayed by using degree of liking, preference and ranking test. Chemical and mineral composition was determined according to the AOAC techniques. Protein quality was determined by the Protein Efficiency Ratio test (PER) and in vivo digestibility. Amarantole-lacto serum show the highest percent cent in protein content (22.66 percent). The minerals more abundant in all the mixtures were Ca, K, Mg and Na. In general, all the mixtures presented highest values of PER (2.61 a 3.26) than the reference (casein PER=2.5) diet. Mixtures added of lactoserum and milk-lactoserum (88.19 y 86.0 percent) presented a similar digestibility to the casein diet (91.28 percent). In conclusion, Amarantole-lactoserum mixture showed the best characteristics concerning protein content, digestibility and PER value.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue aumentar el contenido proteico de una bebida a base de amaranto (Amaranto-le) mediante la adición de diferentes fuentes proteicas (garbanzo, alverja, lactosuero, leche en polvo, leche de soya). Se prepararon mezclas de Amarantole-fuente proteica en cuatro proporciones distintas (80:20, 75:25, 70:30 y 60:40). Las mejores mezclas fueron seleccionadas en base a su aumento en el contenido proteico y sus características organolépticas detectadas mediante pruebas de grado de satisfacción, de preferencia y de ordenamiento. La composición química y mineral de las mezclas seleccionadas fue determinada mediante técnicas del AOAC. La calidad proteica se determinó a través de la prueba de Relación de Eficiencia Proteica (REP) y la digestibilidad in vivo. Amarantole-lactosuero alcanzó el porcentaje de proteína más elevado (22.66 por ciento). Los minerales más abundantes en todas las mezclas fueron: Ca, K, Mg y Na. En general, todas las mezclas, presentaron valores de REP (2.61 a 3.26) superiores a la dieta de referencia (caseína REP=2.5). Las mezclas adicionadas de lactosuero y leche en polvo-lactosuero (88.19 y 86.0 por ciento) presentaron una digestibilidad similar a la dieta de caseína (91.28 por ciento). En conclusión, la muestra Amarantole-lactosuero fue la mezcla que presentó las mejores características en cuanto a contenido de proteína, digestibilidad y valor de REP.
Assuntos
Bebidas , Proteínas , Alimentos Fortificados , Amaranthus , Soro do Leite , MéxicoRESUMO
Introducción: El incremento del número de personas poseedoras de un estoma, trae consigo la necesidad de contar con personal capacitado para proporcionarle los elementos necesarios para su reintegración a la vida social, familiar y laboral. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto que tiene la intervención educativa de enfermería para la rehabilitación de personas con una ostomia. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental, la muestra se constituyó de 110 personas ostomizadas de cuatro hospitales a las que se les aplicó un instrumento que fue validado por expertos en el área. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial por medio de la X2. Resultados: En los resultados se observa diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la intervención educativa y la rehabilitación laboral (p=0.000), también se observo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la intervención educativa y la rehabilitación social y familiar (p=0.000). Discusión: Coincidiendo con Montovani en donde afirma que la falta de información, educación y comunicación son la causa para que el paciente no pueda participar activamente en su autocuidado. De acuerdo con Boccardo se establece que la mayoría de los pacientes ostomizados no retornan totalmente al trabajo pero si parcialmentea sus actividades siendo ésta la parte más difícil de superar. Conclusiones: Se sustenta que la intervención educativa en personas ostomizadas planificada,estandarizada y evaluada, es fundamental para lograr su rehabilitación educativa, laboral, social y familiar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estomia , ReabilitaçãoRESUMO
The current investigation focuses attention on the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from Halimeda incrassata (Hi) and Bryothamniom triquetrum (Bt) in the mouse immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cell line. Under basal oxidative conditions, Hi extract reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species production, as assessed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, while Bt extract does not contribute to basal ROS generation. Both extracts, at concentrations higher than 0.20 mg/ml, exert protection against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death, although only Hi extract can additionally prevent hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS production. The two seaweed aqueous extracts, at concentrations higher than 0.05 mg/ml, also display protection against neuronal death induced by methyl mercury chloride, as well as against methyl mercury chloride-mediated ROS generation. None of the extracts increase GSH intracellular pools, in basal conditions, after depleting its levels with either hydrogen peroxide or methyl mercury chloride. Some comments on the probable targets of the neuroprotection exerted by these two extracts are included in this paper.
Assuntos
Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Alga Marinha , Animais , Linhagem Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Hipotálamo/citologia , Compostos de Metilmercúrio , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of selected spontaneously reported adverse events (AEs) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) treated with rofecoxib (VIOXX, 12.5 mg qd) or Arthrotec (diclofenac 50 mg/misoprostol 200 mcg bid). METHODS: Double-blind, parallel-group, 6-week study of patients aged > or = 40 years with a clinical diagnosis of OA treated with rofecoxib or Arthrotec. Primary endpoint: self-reported diarrhea; secondary endpoints: abdominal pain, discontinuations due to AEs, GI AEs and NSAID-type GI AEs (ie., acid reflux, dyspepsia, epigastric discomfort, heartburn, nausea, vomiting). RESULTS: Among 483 patients (80.3% females, mean age 62.1), the rofecoxib group vs the Arthrotec group respectively reported diarrhea 6.2% vs 16.2% (p<0.001); drug-related diarrhea 3.7% vs 16.2% (p<0.001); one or more clinical AEs 52.9% vs 73.0% (p<0.001); GI AEs 28.9% vs 48.5% (p<0.001); NSAID-type GI AEs 18.6% vs 29.9% (p=0.004); discontinuations due to abdominal pain 0.4% vs 3.7% (p<0.05); and discontinuations due to any AE 4.1% vs 9.1% (p=0.029). No significant differences were observed in efficacy. CONCLUSION: Rofecoxib 12.5 mg qd has improved GI tolerability and similar efficacy compared to Arthrotec (diclofenac 50 mg/misoprostol 200 mcg bid).
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/efeitos adversos , Diclofenaco/efeitos adversos , Lactonas/efeitos adversos , Misoprostol/efeitos adversos , Osteoartrite/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Abdominal/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoartrite/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sulfonas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Glaucoma is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a pathophysiology that may include genetic susceptibility, possibly associated with an immunologic disorder. The aim of this study was to determine whether the DNA polymorphisms located in the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes show a specific association pattern in Mexican mestizo patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, case-control, multicenter study. We analyzed the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 loci of 81 Mexican mestizo nonrelated patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 98 healthy ethnic matched control subjects. Patients were diagnosed clinically and by visual fields examination. HLA typing was performed by PCR-SSO reverse dot blot. RESULTS: We documented increased frequencies of HLA-DRB1*0301, DRB1*1101, DRB1*0701, DRB1*1402, DQB1*0302, and DQB1*0301; however, none of them were significantly different from normal control subjects. Haplotype analysis showed that the HLA-DRB1*0407-DQB1*0302 haplotype is significantly increased in patients compared with control subjects (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The haplotype HLA-DRB1*0407-DQB1*0302 is common among Mexican mestizo (haplotype frequency = 0.102), and it was increased in our patients (haplotype frequency = 0.259, P = .0001). This may reflect an independent association of this haplotype with the disease as the result of linkage disequilibrium or the influence of a neighboring gene. The pathophysiology of this illness is uncertain, and further studies are needed regarding the genetic susceptibility to develop primary open-angle glaucoma.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/etnologia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/genética , Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , DNA/análise , Frequência do Gene , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Haplótipos , Humanos , México/etnologia , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
An analysis of 39 Mexican coastal lagoons most in tropical environments, shows no nutrient limitation for primary productivity: even minimum nutrient values are higher than those of similar systems (mostly of temperate zones). In some cases, nutrient variations are large and indicative of heterogeneity. The N:P ratio is more important than simple nutrient concentrations. Using this ratio, coastal lagoons are classified as limited in nitrogen (< 5) or phosphorus (> 10).
Assuntos
Nitrogênio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Água do Mar/química , MéxicoRESUMO
A peptide toxin, ShK, that blocks voltage-dependent potassium channels was isolated from the whole body extract of the Caribbean sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. It competes with dendrotoxin I and alpha-dendrotoxin for binding to synaptosomal membranes of rat brain, facilities acetylcholine release at an avian neuromuscular junction and suppresses K+ currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurones in culture. Its amino acid sequence is R1SCIDTIPKS10RCTAFQCKHS20MKYRLSFCRK30TCGTC35. There is no homology with other K+ channel-blocking peptides, except for BgK from the sea anemone Bunodosoma granulifera. ShK and BgK appear to be in a different structural class from other toxins affecting K+ channels.
Assuntos
Venenos de Cnidários/química , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Potássio , Anêmonas-do-Mar/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Aminoácidos/análise , Animais , Venenos de Cnidários/isolamento & purificação , Venenos de Cnidários/toxicidade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Canais de Potássio/análise , Ratos , Sinaptossomos/metabolismoRESUMO
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is chronic complication which occurs in 50% of long standing diabetes mellitus. DN is a consequence of hyperglycemia probably through the following mechanisms: a) activation of aldose-reductase, intracellular sorbitol accumulation and myoinositol depletion, reduced activity of Na+/K+ATPase, loss of Na+ channels and demyelination; b) proteins glycation; c) microangiopathy; the first mechanism being the best known and the most reliable. DN may be subclinical or clinical. The main clinical picture is a peripheral, bilateral, symmetric polyneuropathy with a "socks and gloves" sensory impairment, muscular weakness, hyporeflexia, plantar ulcers and arthropathy. Less frequent syndromes are proximal motor neuropathy and mononeuropathy of cranial nerves or thoraco-abdominal roots. Diagnosis is based on clinical data, and may be sustained on impaired nerve conduction velocity, abnormal evoked somatosensory potentials, or sural nerve biopsy. These methods are highly sensitive but unspecific. Etiopathogenic treatment is based on glycemic control and aldose reductase inhibitors. Improvement in clinical, electrophysiologic and histopathologic data have been obtained with the latter. Symptomatic treatment includes carbamazepin, phenytoin, tricyclic antidepressives and a phenotiazin. Mononeuropathies tend to complete recovery in less than 6 months. Polyneuropathy is thought to be irreversible and progressive; however, with excellent glycemic control or with aldose reductase inhibitors nerve damage may be stabilized or even reversed.
Assuntos
Neuropatias Diabéticas , Neuropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Neuropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neuropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Humanos , PrognósticoRESUMO
Toxic Red Tides are caused by marine dinoflagellates which synthesize neurotoxins that accumulate in bivalve mollusks. Upon ingestion, these shellfish can cause paralysis and death. During the month of December, 1989, 99 cases of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning in the areas of Salina Cruz and Huatulco, Oaxaca, were reported; three of which died. The majority of the cases involved the ingestion of oysters and clams. A short time later, the Red Tide was reported appearing. One hundred and fifteen seafood samples were analyzed through a biologic test in mice to determine the quantity of saxitoxin. Oysters and clams showed levels reaching 4 000 U.R. Laboratory analysis of seawater found very high quantities of Gimnodinium catenatum and Gonyaulax catenella. The control measures consisted of the prohibition of the harvest and sale of all bivalve mollusks as well as a public warning to avoid the consumption of such shellfish.
Assuntos
Saxitoxina/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Frutos do Mar , Animais , Bivalves , Dinoflagellida , Humanos , México , Ostreidae , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Microbiological results of 2,539 hams were analyzed (counts of mesophilic aerobes, Salmonella sp. and S. aureus) at the National Public health Laboratory from 1979 to 1987. In 58.7 percent of the cases the hams were not acceptable for human consumption, due to any of the above mentioned microbiological determinations. The main cause was the finding of high levels of mesophilic aerobes (57.5%), followed by Salmonella sp (4.4%) and S. aureus (0.43%). Raw, cooked and smoked hams presented the highest counts of mesophilic aerobes. Virginia, american style and blade hams presented the most elevated frequencies of Salmonella sp. Baked ham was the one in better sanitary conditions. The conclusion is that the quality of hams in Mexico City is bad.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Carne/análise , Animais , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , México , SuínosRESUMO
Se estudiaron 109 pacientes adultos mayores de 50 años con Osteoartritis de rodilla en un protocolo clínico multicéntrico a doble-ciego con el objetivo de comparar: la eficacia y la seguridad del uso de una dosis diaria matinal de 1000 mg de Naproxen o de 20 mg de Piroxicam, por un período máximo de tratamiento de 6 semanas por vía oral. Se utilizaron parámetros cuantitativos y semicuatitativos para medir el dolor, volumen articular, amplitud de movimiento articular, eficacia clínica y efectos colaterales. Se administró Naproxen a 55 pacientes y Piroxicam a 54 pacientes, de edades que fluctuaron entre los 51 y 80 años y con predominancia del sexo feminino. Los resultados fueron excelentes y muy buenos en 29 casos (52.7 por ciento) y buenos en 12 casos (21.8 por ciento) en el grupo Naproxen. En el grupo Piroxicam los resultados fueron excelentes y muy buenos en 26 pacientes (48 por ciento) y buenos en 14 casos (25.9 por ciento). En 21 pacientes del grupo con Naproxen (38 por ciento) y en 25 pacientes del grupo Piroxicam (46 por ciento) se presentaron efectos secundarios predominantemente en el tracto gastrointestinal, pero que fueron de leve a moderada intensidad. Las diferencias entre ambos grupos no fueron estadísticamente significativas y por consiguiente, los resultados terapéuticos fueron similares con ambas drogas, notándose una tendencia ligeramente favorable en la disminución del dolos en el grupo con Naproxen. En conclusión la administración de ambas drogas, además de eficaz es bastante segura el uso de una dosis diaria de Naproxen se vuelve una alternativa recomendable.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Naproxeno/administração & dosagem , Osteoartrite do Joelho/tratamento farmacológico , Piroxicam/administração & dosagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Naproxeno/uso terapêutico , Piroxicam/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A study was conducted to characterise the articular manifestation of Brucella melitensis within a family in Peru. From January 1981 to June 1986, 39 families with 232 individuals were evaluated. Brucellosis was diagnosed in 118 family members (attack rate of 50.9%). A lower attack rate was observed in children less than 10 years' old compared with other age groups (p less than 0.02). Complete clinical data were available in 92 of the 118 affected members. Moderate and severe forms of the diseases were more prevalent in women than in men (41.8% v 13.5%; p less than 0.001). Twenty eight of the 92 patients developed some brucellar complications; the articular involvement was the most prevalent (23.9%). Arthritis was also more common in women than in men (34.5% v 8.1%; p less than 0.01). Children appeared to have less articular involvement. Overall, the following pattern was observed: peripheral arthritis (54.5%); unilateral sacroiliitis (23.0%); mixed arthritis (4.5%), and spondylitis (9.1%). Spondylitis was seen only in the elderly with chronic brucellosis. Four patients developed extra-articular rheumatism. Within members of family groups, brucellar arthritis occurred less frequently than in individual patients from the same hospital. This suggests that many family cases were diagnosed in the early stages.
Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa/genética , Brucelose/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Artrite Infecciosa/complicações , Brucelose/complicações , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Estudos Prospectivos , Espondilite/etiologiaRESUMO
This study evaluates the American Rheumatism Association criteria for remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using data gathered prospectively in 2 distinct patient groups: Americans (n = 181) and Peruvians (n = 44). The criteria were found to be highly specific in both patient groups but the sensitivity of the criteria was low in the American patients. The criteria most frequently not satisfied in the American patients with RA were subjective. Several explanations are offered: differences in disease severity, problems in using a translated questionnaire, differences in practice level among rheumatologists, but none of them fully explain the lower sensitivity of the criteria among the American patients.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/etnologia , Artrite Reumatoide/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor/fisiopatologia , Peru , Estudos Prospectivos , Indução de Remissão , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sociedades Médicas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A case of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis arthritis is presented. Emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment is made. Natives of endemic areas for paracoccidioides could present elsewhere with dissemination of this disease.
Assuntos
Artrite/etiologia , Paracoccidioidomicose , Artrite/diagnóstico , Artrite/diagnóstico por imagem , Artrite/patologia , Humanos , Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paracoccidioidomicose/patologia , RadiografiaRESUMO
Se estudiaron 15 miembros de una familia con hiperlipidemia familiar combinada, en los que observamos las caracteristicas clinicas principales de este trastorno. El analisis del pedigree y los valores de colesterol y trigilceridos permiten postular un mecanismo de transmision autosomico dominante. El 50 de los individuos de la generacion de los probandos demonstraron valores de lipidos diagnosticos de hiperlipidemia. En base a los valores absolutos de colesterol y trigiceridos, asi como a la electroforesis de lipoproteinas en suero se diagnosticaron los patrones de Fredrickson IIa, IIb, y IV, con una frecuencia similar, de aproximadamente 33% para cada uno de los fenotipos entre los individuos afectados.Los valores medios de colesterol y trigliceridos ajustados para edad y sexo entre los miembros hiperlipidemicos fueron de 308.9 mg/dl (> P95) y 252.1 mg/dl (> P90) respectivamente, mientras que en los casos no afectados correspondieron a 212.1 mg/dl (< P50) para colesterol y 124.9 mg/dl (< P50) para trigliceridos. Se observo claramente en esta familia la existencia de cardiopatia ateroesclerosa prematura, incluyendo 3 casos de muerte a edad temprana por infarto miocardico