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PURPOSE: To demonstrate a mathematical analogy between the Pythagorean theorem using the axial a-scan measurement, i.e., the distance between the central cornea and the sclerotomy, and the lengths of the forceps in eyes of patients with all axial lengths. METHODS: We used the Pythagorean equation (c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ) to calculate the adequate shaft length of the forceps to use in macular surgery, especially in highly myopic eyes, where c 2 represents the axial length (hypotenuse); b 2 the sum of the corneal ray and distance between the corneal limbus and the sclerotomy (base side); and a 2 the distance between the sclerotomy and the fovea (perpendicular side). RESULTS: We reproduced the cosine law to estimate the distance between the sclerotomy and the fovea. The distance between the sclerotomy and the foveal area is shorter than the axial length and can become smaller based on the distance from the sclerotomy to the corneal limbus. CONCLUSION: This simple mathematical formula is useful when performing surgery in highly myopic eyes, in which there can be difficulties reaching the macular area.
Assuntos
Miopia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Humanos , Miopia/cirurgia , Fóvea Central , EscleraRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in assessing patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN). METHODS: This was an observational case series with clinical imaging correlation performed at the Retina and Vitreous Institute of Londrina and State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The series comprised ten consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DUSN, ie, seven patients with late-stage disease and three with early-stage disease, who were assessed by SD-OCT for mean macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, and choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging software. RESULTS: Comparing the affected eye with the healthy fellow eye, significant diffuse atrophy of the retinal layers with a decrease in mean macular (P=0.004) and retinal nerve fiber layer (P=0.002) thickness was found in all cases. There was no difference in choroidal thickness (P=0.262). CONCLUSION: The correlation of SD-OCT results with central vision and funduscopic findings may explain the profound loss of visual function in patients with DUSN.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features, visual function outcomes, and adverse events in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) treated with high-dose oral albendazole. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Twelve Brazilian patients, aged 7 through 36 years, with active DUSN in the early or late clinical stage, were recruited for this study between 1999 and 2001. A small variant motile worm was found in 4 (33.3%) of these cases. All patients were treated exclusively with high-dose oral albendazole (400 mg/d) for 30 days. RESULTS: Improvement of visual acuity, visual field, and active ocular inflammatory signs was observed in all patients after 4 weeks of treatment (median follow-up: 3 years). Also, during the first weeks of treatment, evidence of worm inactivation was documented for the four patients with visible worms. No adverse drug side effects were observed in any of our cases during follow-up. CONCLUSION: High-dose oral albendazole seems to be safe and beneficial for patients with DUSN.
Assuntos
Albendazol/administração & dosagem , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Retinite/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Aguda , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Albendazol/efeitos adversos , Anti-Helmínticos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Retinite/parasitologia , Retinite/fisiopatologia , Segurança , Resultado do Tratamento , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Campos Visuais/fisiologiaRESUMO
Uma correlação entre retinopatia diabética e certo tipo de anormalidades de mão, em contratura é analisada sobre uma população de 81 pacientes diabéticos. A gravidade da retinopatia proliferativa e outras alterações microvasculares na presença das contraturas é ressaltada em seis casos com severa anomalia de mão, e 14 com alterações moderadas, onde a frequencia e gravidade da retinopatia foi superior à da população sem anormalidades (50 por cento e 30 por cento respectivamente); alto nível de correlação foi encontrado entre retinpatia diabética proliferativa e presença de alterações de mão. O autor conclui com base na casuístia apresentada e recentes dados da literatura, ser esta população de diabéticos de alto risco ao desenvolvimento de complicações microvasculares, principalmente retinopatia grave, sendo o exame das mãos, de fácil execução, importante subsídio à detecção e triagem dessa população de risco.