RESUMO
C-phycocyanin (CPC) is an antihypertensive that is not still wholly pharmacologically described. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CPC counteracts endothelial dysfunction as an antihypertensive mechanism in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (NFx) as a chronic kidney disease (CKD) model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sham control, sham-treated with CPC (100 mg/Kg/d), NFx, and NFx treated with CPC. Blood pressure was measured each week, and renal function evaluated at the end of the treatment. Afterward, animals were euthanized, and their thoracic aortas were analyzed for endothelium functional test, oxidative stress, and NO production. 5/6 Nephrectomy caused hypertension increasing lipid peroxidation and ROS production, overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reduction in the first-line antioxidant enzymes activities, and reduced-glutathione (GSH) with a down-expression of eNOS. The vasomotor response reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in aorta segments exposed to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. However, the treatment with CPC prevented hypertension by reducing oxidative stress, NO system disturbance, and endothelial dysfunction. The CPC treatment did not prevent CKD-caused disturbance in the antioxidant enzymes activities. Therefore, CPC exhibited an antihypertensive activity while avoiding endothelial dysfunction.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos , Hipertensão , Ficocianina , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Suplementos Nutricionais , Endotélio Vascular , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ficocianina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/metabolismo , VasodilataçãoRESUMO
It is known that a hypothyroidism-induced hypometabolic state protects against oxidative damage caused by toxins. However, some workers demonstrated that antithyroid drug-induced hypothyroidism can cause cellular damage. Our objective was to determine if methimazole (an antithyroid drug) or hypothyroidism causes cellular damage in the liver, kidney, lung, spleen and heart. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: euthyroid, false thyroidectomy, thyroidectomy-induced hypothyroidism, methimazole-induced hypothyroidism (60 mg/kg), and treatment with methimazole (60 mg/kg) and a T4 injection (20 µg/kg/d sc). At the end of the treatments (4 weeks for the pharmacological groups and 8 weeks for the surgical groups), the animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and they were transcardially perfused with 10% formaldehyde. The spleen, heart, liver, lung and kidney were removed and were processed for embedding in paraffin wax. Coronal sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. At the end of treatment, animals with both the methimazole- and thyroidectomy-induced hypothyroidism had a significant reduction of serum concentration of thyroid hormones. Only methimazole-induced hypothyroidism causes cellular damage in the kidney, lung, liver, heart, kidney and spleen. In addition, animals treated with methimazole and T4 showed cellular damage in the lung, spleen and renal medulla with lesser damage in the liver, renal cortex and heart. The thyroidectomy only altered the lung structure. The alterations were prevented by T4 completely in the heart and partially in the kidney cortex. These results indicate that tissue damage found in hypothyroidism is caused by methimazole.
Assuntos
Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Metimazol , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônios Tireóideos/metabolismo , Animais , Amarelo de Eosina-(YS) , Hematoxilina , Hipotireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Hipotireoidismo/metabolismo , Hipotireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Hipotireoidismo/cirurgia , Masculino , Metimazol/efeitos adversos , Metimazol/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , TireoidectomiaRESUMO
AIMS: Our objective was to investigate if oxidative stress is involved in the neural damage caused by lidocaine. MAIN METHODS: Male Wistar rats were used. The control group received 0.9% saline ip and the treated group received a single 60 mg/kg lidocaine dose ip. On days 1, 2, 5, and 10 after dosing, ten rats were sacrificed and their brains were quickly removed. The amygdala and hippocampus were dissected. Five samples were used to determine lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Another five were used to measure antioxidant activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, Cu-Zn SOD (superoxide dismutase), Mn SOD, and total SOD. KEY FINDINGS: Ten days after injection of lidocaine, lipid peroxidation increases in the hippocampus because the ROS are enhanced from day 5, whereas in the amygdala lipid peroxidation and the ROS were enhanced only on the first day postinjection. Lidocaine causes an increased concentration of GSH and GSSG in the hippocampus from the first day. In the amygdala the GSH and GSSG content were increased at day 10. In the hippocampus the catalase activity was enhanced, whereas the total SOD and Cu-Zn SOD activities were decreased. In the amygdala the lidocaine enhances the activities of catalase and GPX, but no SOD isoenzymes were modified. SIGNIFICANCE: In this research we demonstrated that lidocaine affects the redox environment and promotes increases of the oxidative markers both in the hippocampus and amygdala but in a different pattern.
Assuntos
Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Lidocaína/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsila do Cerebelo/enzimologia , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/enzimologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Oxirredução , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has been related to various gastroduodenal disorders. The objective of this study was to detect H pylori in gastric mucosa and relate it to its presence in the oral cavity. Fifty-four patients with medical indication oi digestive endoscopy from the Gastroenterology Unit of the Regional Hospital of Concepción, Chile, were studied. Gastric samples were obtained from each patient from antrum and corpus through endoscopic biopsies. Oral samples were obtained from dental plaque and saliva swabs from the floor of the mouth and the base of the tongue. Oral and gastric sample were studied by culture. Oral samples from patients with positive gastric cultures for H pylori (n = 21) were studied by culture, conventional PCR and Real Time PCR. Ail cultures from oral samples were negative (0/21) for H pylori. Only one sample of dental plaque was positive with conventional PCR (1/21), while ail samples of saliva were negative. However, samples from ail patients were positive with Real Time PCR (20/21 dental plaque, 21/21 saliva from the floor of the mouth, 20/21 saliva from the base of the tongue). The results suggest that there is a correlation between the presence of H pylori in gastric mucosa and the oral cavity. Also, that Real Time PCR the best technique to detect low number of bacteria in the oral cavity.
La infección por Helicobacter pylori está vinculada a diversas patologías gastroduo-denales. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar H. pylori en la mucosa gástrica y relacionar su presencia con H. pylori en la cavidad oral. Se estudiaron 54 pacientes de la Unidad de Gastroenterología del Hospital Regional de Concepción, con indicación de endoscopía digestiva alta. Para cada paciente se realizó biopsia de mucosa gástrica (antro y cuerpo), y se obtuvieron 3 muestras orales (placa bacteriana, saliva de la base de la lengua y piso de boca). Las muestras gástricas y orales fueron cultivadas. Las muestras orales de los pacientes que presentaron cultivos de biopsia gástrica positivos para H. pylori (n = 21) fueron sometidas a análisis de detección de la bacteria mediante cultivo, PCR convencional y PCR de Tiempo Real. Los resultados obtenidos para las muestras orales fueron: cultivo 100 por ciento negativos (0/21), con PCR convencional se detectó H. pylori sólo en un paciente (una muestra de las 3 en placa bacteriana) (1/21), mientras que todas las muestras de saliva de piso de boca y base de la lengua fueron negativas. Veintiún pacientes resultaron positivos para la bacteria por la técnica de PCR de Tiempo Real en las muestras orales, 20/21 en muestras de placa bacteriana, 21/21 en saliva de piso de boca y 20/21 en base de lengua. Los resultados sugieren que existe correlación entre la presencia de H. pylori en la mucosa gástrica y en la cavidad oral. Además, que la técnica de PCR de Tiempo Real es la más adecuada para detectar el bajo número de bacterias de H. pylori de la cavidad oral.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Boca/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Estômago/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/genética , Língua/microbiologia , Saliva/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prevention is the most cost-effective means of managing osteoporosis. However, little is known about osteoporosis-related preventive practices in Mexican-American women. We examined factors that might influence women's decision to start preventive measures for osteoporosis. METHODS: Information was gathered through a cross-sectional survey of low-income Mexican-American women who were seen at two clinics in southern Texas. RESULTS: Of the 270 participants, 37% reported calcium supplementation, and 41% reported regular weight-bearing exercise to prevent osteoporosis. Fifty (41%) of the postmenopausal women were currently using hormone replacement therapy. Only 15% of the premenopausal and 13% of the postmenopausal women recalled that their health care provider had counseled them about prevention. Multivariate analysis showed that public education, bone densitometry evaluation, knowledge of osteoporosis, and counseling were determinants of prevention. CONCLUSION: Although osteoporosis is a preventable condition, our findings suggest that the majority of Mexican-American women do not receive adequate preventive measures or counseling about osteoporosis. Furthermore, we found that their health care provider's counseling about osteoporosis was a major determinant of osteoporosis prevention in these women.
Assuntos
Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/etnologia , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/prevenção & controle , Pobreza/etnologia , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Aconselhamento Diretivo/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , TexasRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo cooperativo multicéntrico provincial, es evaluar el impacto de la pobreza en los pacientes en hemodiálisis de Entre Ríos. Se utilizó una encuesta cualitativa anónima, de preguntas cerradas, con metodología de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) y línea de pobreza. Sobre 249 enfermos...se destaca que el 63 por ciento está bajo la línea de pobreza y el 21 por ciento cumple con criterios de NBI. Concluímos que esta investigación, al relacionarse con otros indicadores de calidad de vida, permite aportar valiosa información al Registro Provincial de Diálisis. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pacientes/psicologia , Diálise Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Condições SociaisRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo cooperativo multicéntrico provincial, es evaluar el impacto de la pobreza en los pacientes en hemodiálisis de Entre Ríos. Se utilizó una encuesta cualitativa anónima, de preguntas cerradas, con metodología de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) y línea de pobreza. Sobre 249 enfermos...se destaca que el 63 por ciento está bajo la línea de pobreza y el 21 por ciento cumple con criterios de NBI. Concluímos que esta investigación, al relacionarse con otros indicadores de calidad de vida, permite aportar valiosa información al Registro Provincial de Diálisis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pacientes/psicologia , Condições Sociais , Diálise Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapiaRESUMO
Os autores realizaram um estudo retrospectivo de 49 casos da Síndrome da Criança Maltratada do ano de 1984, com investigaçöes médico-jurídicas complementares. Neste estudo salientaram aspectos de relevante importância com relaçäo à vítima, ao agressor, à agressäo e à denúncia. Neste sentido, analisaram e compararam os dados com outros existentes na literatura nacional e internacional
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndrome da Criança EspancadaRESUMO
La TBC en el niño presenta algunos matices y carecterísticas distintos de la TBC del adulto, y de estas diferencias se preocupará esta revisión. Durante los últimos años se ha asistido a un dramático descenso de la tasa de infección por TBC en el niño. En Chile, durante el año 1971, se notificaron alrededor de 2.000 casos de TBC infantil, en cambio, en 1984 se notificaron sólo 344. Esto refleja en gran medida un real descenso de la TBC infantil, gracias a la buena cobertura de los programas de vacunación y a un mejor manejo del programa de adultos, pero también es muy posible que haya existido antes algo de sobrediagnóstico (cambios en las normas de diagnóstico) y que actualmente tengamos algún porcentaje de subdiagnóstico .