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Introducción: La estimación del filtrado glomerular a partir de la concentración sérica de creatinina en pacientes con drepanocitosis, es anormal cuando hay un deterioro extenso de la función renal. Objetivos: Evaluar la estimación del filtrado glomerular con el uso de creatinina, de cistatina C y de ambas determinaciones, en adultos con drepanocitosis. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 44 adultos con drepanocitosis en quienes se estimó el filtrado glomerular, con el uso de creatinina, de cistatina C y de ambas, según las fórmulas de CDK-EPI. Resultados: Se encontraron discrepancias en el filtrado glomerular estimado por creatinina, por cistatina C y por ambas (medias: 112,2 ± 28,4; 55,7 ± 23,1 y 75,1 ± 24,7 mL/min/ 1,73 m2; respectivamente). Los porcentajes más elevados de pacientes con hiperfiltración por creatinina corresponden al genotipo SS y todos los que tiene enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 4 (filtrado estimado por cistatina C y mediante la combinación de ambos marcadores), tienen este tipo de hemoglobinopatía. La hiperfiltración fue más común en los más jóvenes y la disminución del filtrado en los mayores de 40 años. Conclusiones: La estimación del filtrado glomerular muestra diferencias entre los tres métodos estudiados. Con el uso de creatinina está sobrestimado y una elevada proporción de pacientes son clasificados como con hiperfiltración. El uso de la cistatina C o la combinación de ambas determinaciones, pudieran ofrecer una estimación más exacta del filtrado glomerular en pacientes con drepanocitosis(AU)
Introduction: The estimation of the glomerular filtration rate from the serum concentration of creatinine in patients with sickle cell disease is abnormal when there is an extensive deterioration of renal function. Objective: To estimate the glomerular filtration rate with the use of creatinine, cystatin C and both determinations, in adults with sickle cell disease. Determine if there are differences between these methods. Methods: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. Forty-four adults with sickle cell disease were included in whom the glomerular filtration rate was estimated using creatinine, cystatin C and both, according to the CDK-EPI formulas. Results: Discrepancies were found in the glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine, by cystatin C and by both (means: 112.2 ± 28.4; 55.7 ± 23.1 and 75.1 ± 24.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; respectively). The highest percentages of patients with creatinine hyperfiltration correspond to the SS genotype and all those with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (estimated filtration by cystatin C and by the combination of both markers), have this type of hemoglobinopathy. Hyperfiltration was more common in the youngest and decreased filtration in those older than 40 years. Conclusions: The estimation of the glomerular filtration rate shows differences between the three methods studied. With the use of creatinine, it is overestimated and a high proportion of patients are classified as having hyperfiltration. The use of cystatin C or the combination of both determinations could offer a more accurate estimate of glomerular filtration rate in patients with sickle cell disease(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) is used for the treatment of last stage renal anemia. A new EPO preparation was obtained in Cuba in order to make this treatment fully nationally available. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety properties of two recombinant EPO formulations in patients with anemia due to end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. METHODS: A parallel, randomized, double blind study was performed. A single 100 IU/Kg EPO dose was administered subcutaneously. Heberitro (Heber Biotec, Havana, formulation A), a newly developed product and Eprex (CILAG AG, Switzerland, formulation B), as reference treatment were compared. Thirty-four patients with anemia due to end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis were included. Patients had not received EPO previously. Serum EPO level was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) during 120 hours after administration. Clinical and laboratory variables were determined as pharmacodynamic and safety criteria until 216 hours. RESULTS: Both groups of patients were similar regarding all demographic and baseline characteristics. EPO kinetics profiles were similar for both formulations; the pharmacokinetic parameters were very close (i.e., AUC: 4667 vs. 4918 mIU.h/mL; Cmax: 119.1 vs. 119.7 mIU/mL; Tmax: 13.9 vs. 18.1 h; half-life, 20.0 vs. 22.5 h for formulations A and B, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio between both products regarding these metrics were close to the 0.8-1.25 range, considered necessary for bioequivalence. Differences did not reach 20% in any case and were not determined by a formulation effect, but probably by a patients' variability effect. Concerning pharmacodynamic features, a high similitude in reticulocyte counts increments until 216 hours and the percentage decrease in serum iron until 120 hours was observed. There were no differences between formulations regarding the adverse events and their intensity. The more frequent events were pain at injection site (35.3%) and hypertension (29%). Additionally, further treatment of the patients with the study product yielded satisfactory increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. CONCLUSION: The formulations are comparable. The newly developed product should be acceptable for long-term application.