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Polyphenols, condensed tannins, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, lycopene and ascorbic acid were determined besides verifying antioxidant capacity of peel, pulp and desserts (with and without sugar) of red guava (Psidium guajava L.) as well as the effects of lycopene on cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptosis on breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Guava peel contains 90% of the total ascorbic acid and heat treatment does not modify bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity. Sugar addition decreased guava pulp functional capacity. After heat treatment, lycopene content was stable, but sugar addition reduced its concentration by 57%. Lycopene (10 µM) extracted from guava and standard presented the same cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. Lycopene influenced over G2-M transition check-point of the cell cycle and increased apoptotic cells percentages compared to untreated cells. The consumption of in natura guava, especially with peel can be considered an important source of bioactive compounds.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Psidium , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Licopeno/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Dyspepsia is a multifactorial disease that can involve alcohol, tobacco, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, as well as lifestyle, diet, socioeconomic elements, or psychologic factors. The aim of the present article was to establish the frequency of uninvestigated dyspepsia and determine its associated factors in students at 4 Latin American schools of medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted, in which a survey made up of closed-ended questions was applied at just one point in time. The association between the variables was then analyzed. A new questionnaire for the diagnosis of dyspepsia was one of the tests utilized to diagnose uninvestigated dyspepsia. Generalized linear models were used for the bivariate and multivariate analyses, employing the Poisson model with the log link function, obtaining crude prevalence ratios, adjusted prevalence ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of the 1,241 individuals surveyed, 54% (841) were females and the median age was 21 years (range: 19-23 years). Prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia was 46%. The factors that had a direct association with dyspepsia were: depression, difficulty sleeping, and coffee consumption. On the contrary, eating regularly in a boarding house and the male sex had an inverse association. CONCLUSIONS: Uninvestigated dyspepsia frequency was high in students at 4 Latin American schools. Depression, difficulty sleeping, and steady coffee drinking were factors directly associated with dyspepsia, whereas male sex and eating out at regular hours were factors with a reverse association. Therefore, we recommend that universities implement early detection programs for this highly preventable pathology.
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Dispepsia/epidemiologia , Faculdades de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La arteritis de Takayasu es una vasculitis inflamatoria crónica de grandes vasos. Fue descrita por primera vez por el oftalmólogo japonés Nikito Takayasu, en el año 1908. Presentamos un caso de arteritis de Takayasu, diagnosticada clínicamente de acuerdo a los criterios del American College of Rheumatology de 1990. Se trata de una paciente de 23 años que ingresa al Hospital Regional de Talca por un accidente vascular encefálico hemisférico y sintomatología de robo subclavio. Se realiza un angio TAC que muestra compromiso severo (oclusión total) del tercio medio y distal del tronco braquiocefálico, carótida común derecha e inicio de la subclavia derecha. Además, este examen demuestra un flujo retrógrado en la arteria vertebral derecha, compatible con el síndrome de robo subclavio. Se decide corregir la oclusión subclavia mediante angioplastía, sin éxito tanto en el abordaje anterogrado como retrógrado. Finalmente se opta por un bypass protésico (politetrafluoroetileno expandido) desde la carótida común izquierda a la subclavia derecha a través de un túnel subcutáneo en la cara anterior del cuello.
Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis of large vessels. It was first identified by Japanese ophthalmologist Nikito Takayasu, in 1908. A case of Takayasu's arteritis is presented, clinically diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990. This is a 23 year oíd patient, entering Talca's Regional Hospital for a stroke, also presenting symptoms of subclavian steal. An angio CT was made, showing severe commitment (total occlusion) in the middle and distal third of the brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid and the beginning of right subclavian artery. In addition, this test shows retrograde flow on the right vertebral artery, compatible with the subclavian steal syndrome. It was decided to correct the subclavian occiusion through angioplasty, without success, in both the anterograde and retrograde approach; finally opting for a prosthetic bypass (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) from left common carotid to right subclavian artery through a tunnel of the subcutaneous front of the neck.
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Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Arterite de Takayasu/cirurgia , Arterite de Takayasu/patologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Artéria Subclávia/cirurgia , Artéria Vertebral/cirurgia , Artéria Vertebral/patologia , Prótese Vascular , Politetrafluoretileno , Síndrome do Roubo Subclávio/etiologiaRESUMO
El efecto de la adición de iones calcio, concentración de proteína y temperatura, en la capacidad emulsificante y estabilizadora del caseinato de sodio (NaCn) es estudiado empleando emulsiones O/W (19.35por ciento aceite de girasol). La capacidad emulsificante de las dispersiones de caseinato de sodio preparadas a 4 ºC y 25 ºC, sin adición de iones calcio, es muy similar, generando emulsiones con tamaños promedio de partícula en el intervalo 1.0-1.5 mm. Al adicionar iones calcio a las dispersiones de caseinato de sodio produce la floculación de las gotas de la emulsión para cantidades de CaCl2 superiores al valor de concentración crítica de iones calcio (VCC). El VCC es dependiente de la temperatura, mostrando mayores valores a 4 ºC en comparación con los observados a 25 ºC. Para concentraciones de iones calcio inferiores al VCC, la capacidad emulsificante y estabilizante del caseinato de sodio no es afectada y muestra valores comparables a las emulsiones sin adición de iones calcio. Se logra establecer que la emulsión preparada a 4 ºC, 3 por ciento NaCn y 30 mM CaCl2 podría ser usada en la elaboración de derivados lácteos enriquecidos con calcio conservando las capacidades emulsificantes y estabilizantes del caseinato de sodio.
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Emulsões , Inversão Térmica , Laticínios , ProteínasRESUMO
A new rotating-frame imaging method that produces a complete cross section of an object in a single experiment is reported. The echo planar rotating frame imaging (EPROFI) technique uses two perpendicular RF gradients for two-dimensional spatial encoding and fully exploits the formation of rotary echoes for fast sampling of spatial frequencies. The acquisition scheme yields the Fourier transform of the spin distribution on Cartesian coordinates for straightforward image reconstruction. Implementation of the technique on a low-field portable NMR probe is described and results are presented for test objects with different geometries.
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Imagem Ecoplanar/métodos , Análise de Fourier , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , CebolasRESUMO
The rapid rotating-frame technique allows significant reduction in data-acquisition time compared with the two-dimensional method by stroboscopic observation of the nuclear magnetization during its evolution in the rotating frame. A onefold reduction in the dimensionality of the original rotating-frame experiment is achieved by using a train of strong radiofrequency pulses separated by short acquisition windows. The penalty for shortening experimental time is a reduction in spectral resolution compared with the two-dimensional method due to relaxation of transverse magnetization components during the observation windows. A variant of the rapid-rotating frame technique for improving spectral resolution based on undersampling and self-phase encoding is presented. An M-fold resolution improvement requires M experiments, thus, making possible a tradeoff between spectral resolution and experimental time. The technique was applied for spatial localization of quadrupole nuclei in powder solids, and resolution improvement is demonstrated on one- and two-dimensional NQR images.
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A double resonance method for imaging of solid materials containing quadrupole nuclei via the coupled protons is reported. The technique uses a static field gradient to encode the position on the protons and the method of double resonance spin-echo to detect the occurrence of proton resonances by affecting the zero-field echo signal from the quadrupole system. The double resonance imaging method offers the advantages of higher spatial resolution and straightforward image reconstruction for powder samples compared with rotating-frame and Zeeman-perturbated nuclear quadrupole resonance encoding techniques.
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PURPOSE: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCCV) is an immune complex-mediated, small vessel disease that is clinically characterized by the presence of palpable purpuric lesions, most often in association with rheumatic diseases. Ocular manifestations of LCCV are rare. METHODS: We describe a patient with an unusual granulomatous pattern of erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) associated with autoimmune keratolysis. RESULTS: We studied a 64-year-old man with decreased visual acuity and nodular lesions in both hands. Ocular examination revealed bilateral superior corneal melting with perforation in the left eye and conjunctival thickening in both eyes, in association with a severe inflammatory reaction. Histopathologic examination of the conjunctiva revealed granulomatous vasculitis with neutrophilic infiltrate, giant cells, and fibroblastic proliferation. A punch biopsy taken from his skin showed similar characteristics that suggested EED; however, there were no giant cells. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, autoimmune keratolysis secondary to cutaneous LCCV (EED) has not been described previously, and there has been no description of granulomatous reaction (in the conjunctiva) in EED.
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Doenças Autoimunes/etiologia , Doenças da Córnea/etiologia , Eritema/complicações , Granuloma/complicações , Vasculite Leucocitoclástica Cutânea/complicações , Doenças Autoimunes/patologia , Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Eritema/patologia , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ruptura Espontânea , Vasculite Leucocitoclástica Cutânea/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome is one of the mucopolysaccharidoses caused by enzyme deficiency (arylsulfatase B) that leads to incomplete degradation and storage of dermatan sulfate. We report a case of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI; Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) with corneal involvement and introduce ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) as an examination with which to follow disease progression in relation to deposition in cornea, angle, and iris. METHODS: We describe a 11-year-old boy with a clinical and laboratorial diagnosis of MPS VI who developed increasing bilateral corneal opacification and decreased visual acuity. He underwent two seriate UBM (50-MHz transducer) evaluations. RESULTS: UBM examination showed diffuse and homogeneous stromal hyper-reflective deposit in both eyes and an increase in peripheral corneal thickness throughout time. CONCLUSION: High-frequency ultrasound documentation of corneal deposit and anterior segment involvement in a patient with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome is unique, and follow-up revealed thickening of the corneal periphery, which may be related to the progression of the disease (continuous mucopolysaccharide deposits in corneal stroma). UBM was used to locate and document the deposit, as well as to accompany the deposit's evolution, characterizing corneal changes and angle structure involvement.
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Segmento Anterior do Olho/diagnóstico por imagem , Opacidade da Córnea/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Íris/diagnóstico por imagem , Mucopolissacaridose VI/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Opacidade da Córnea/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridose VI/patologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The rotating-frame method of localization for spatially resolved spectroscopy and imaging in the pure quadrupole regime relies on a gradient B(1) field in which spins experience a flip angle dependent on their position in the B(1) field strength. So far, the techniques have been implemented as amplitude-modulated methods, i.e., the spatial nuclear quadrupole distribution is encoded in the amplitude of the free-induction decay signals. In this work, we describe the implementation of phase-modulated variants of both two-dimensional and rapid rotating-frame imaging techniques. The experiments are discussed for both single crystalline and powder samples. The phase-modulated experiment offers some advantages over the amplitude-encoding technique: It enables one to distinguish the sign of the spatial coordinate and the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than for the simplest amplitude-encoding method. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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The anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody, BW 431/26 (Scintimun CEA, Behringwerke, Marburg, Germany ) labeled with technetium pertechnectate (99mTc), is an intact immunoglobulin G1, monoclonal antibody that has been used to image colorectal cancer. Planar and SPECT images of chest, abdomen and pelvis were performed at 10 minutes, 4-6 and 18-24 hours after the intravenous antibody injection. 44 patients were studied and the pathological antibody concentration localization by radioimmunoimaging (RI) were correlated with surgical, clinical and other imaging modality findings to validate the RI. The RI was positive in 29 patients and negative in the other 15 patients. The CEA and CA 19.9 were elevated in the serum of some patients with primary tumors or recurrence. The HAMA were determined in all the patients before and after the RI.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Antígeno CA-19-9/imunologia , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/imunologia , Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico por imagem , Pertecnetato Tc 99m de Sódio , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Antígeno CA-19-9/análise , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Carcinoma/química , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/química , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnóstico por imagem , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico por imagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Radioimunodetecção , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Colo Sigmoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A multi-dimensional NQR technique to image both the spatial distribution of quadrupolar nuclei and the local orientation of the electric field gradient tensor at the quadrupole sites in solids is reported. The encoding procedure is based on the irradiation of the sample by a pulse sequence composed of spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous radiofrequency fields. A method that encodes the spatial and orientation information in the amplitudes of the free-induction decay signals and a proper three-dimensional reconstruction procedure that yields the space-orientation-dependent NQR spectra are described. A two-dimensional variant allows rapid measurement of the spatially dependent orientation distribution of molecules, disregarding the spectroscopic information. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.