RESUMO
The planting of crops in degraded pasture areas is a formula used for decades by farmers to recover the productive capacity of pastures and soils. The integrated crop-livestock (ICL) consists of different production systems of grains, fibers, wood, meat, milk and agro-deployed in the same area, in intercrop, rotation or succession. Typically this integration mainly involves the planting of grain and pasture in the recovery or deployment. This work aimed to evaluate the macronutrients leaf contents of irrigated corn intercropped with forages of the genus Panicum and Urochloa simultaneously to sown corn. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions, in experimental area that had a history of no-tillage to 8 years (previous crop corn). The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown simultaneously (CTS) corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown simultaneously (CMS) to corn; Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes sown simultaneously (CBS) corn; Urochloa ruziziensis sown simultaneously (CRS) to corn, and corn without intercropping (CWI). The seeds of grasses were sown in spacing of 0.34 m, being sown with a seed drill with disc coulters mounted mechanism for no-tillage system at a depth of 0.03 m. The
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
In the past, the integration of grain with cattle activity was limited to restricted options. Nowadays, however, there are numerous offers technology applicable to various concerns and socio-economic situation of producers. The integrated crop-livestock (ICL) can be made by the intercrop, succession or crop rotation with annual grasses. The work aimed to evaluate the grain yield of irrigated corn crop intercropped with forages of the genus Panicum and Urochloa in simultaneous sowing with corn. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions. The experimental area was irrigated by center pivot and it had a history of no-tillage to 8 years. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments, as being: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown simultaneously (CTS) to corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown simultaneously (CMS) to corn; Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes sown simultaneously (CBS) to corn; Urochloa ruziziensis sown simultaneously (CRS) to corn, and corn without intercropping (CWI). The production components of corn: plant population per hectare (PlPo), number of ears per hectare (NE ha-1), number of rows per ear (NRE), number of kernels per row on the ear (NKR), number of grain per ear (NGE) and mass of 100 grains (M100G) were
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The basic premises for sustainable agricultural development with focus on rural producers are reducing the costs of production and aggregation of values through the use crop-livestock system (CLS) throughout the year. The CLS is based on the consortium of grain crops, especially corn with tropical forages, mainly of the genus Panicum and Urochloa. The study aimed to evaluate the grain yield of irrigated corn crop intercropped with forage of the genus Panicum and Urochloa. The experiment was conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão FEPE of the Faculdade de Engenharia - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in savannah conditions and in the autumn winter of 2009. The experimental area was irrigated by a center pivot and had a history of no-tillage system for 8 years. The corn hybrid used was simple DKB 390 YG at distances of 0.90 m. The seeds of grasses were sown in 0.34 m spacing in the amount of 5 kg ha-1, they were mixed with fertilizer minutes before sowing and placed in a compartment fertilizer seeder and fertilizers were mechanically deposited in the soil at a depth of 0.03 m. The experimental design used was a randomized block with four replications and five treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CTD) of the corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CMD) of the corn; Urochloa brizantha
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The biggest limitation to sustainable tillage in the Savannah region is the low biomass accumulation during autumn up to spring, due to low water availability and high temperatures characterizing these regions as having a warm and dry winter. The consortium of grains crops with tropical forages mainly of the genus Panicum and Urochloa is an alternative, to this situation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the straw production of Panicum and Urochloa after consortium with corn in the crop-livestock integration system on the soybean crop irrigated in succession. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions, being in no-tillage for 8 years (previous corn crop). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and four treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CTD) of the corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CMD) of the corn; Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés sown during the occasion of nitrogen fertilization (CBD) of the corn; Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Comum sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CRD) of the corn. After harvesting the corn and forages cuts, soybean was planted with seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Turfy with 600,000 viable cells/seed),
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
In recent years, the corn crop in Brazil has undergone major technological changes, aiming at a sustainable production. This improvement may be related to appropriate management, which includes, among other practices, crop rotation and tillage; that one can get through crop-livestock integration (CLI). The CLI can be done by the consortium sequence or crop rotation with annual forages in order to recover degraded pastures. This work aimed to evaluate the macronutrient leaf content of corn intercropped with forages of the genus Panicum and Urochloa. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions, being in no-tillage for 8 years (previous corn crop). In nitrogen fertilization was applying 100 kg ha-1 of N as urea. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and five treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CTD) of the corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CMD) of the corn; Urochloa brizantha Xaraes sown during the occasion of nitrogen fertilization (CBD) of the corn; Urochloa ruziziensis sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CRD) of the corn, and corn without intercropping (CWI). The grasses seeds were mixed with fertilizer minutes before sowing and placed in fertil
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The intercropped between cultures lead to competition for production factors such as water, light and nutrients, however currently is common for integrated cultivation of corn for forage recovery and renovation of degraded areas, diversification of the producers income and production of dry matter for no-tillage system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and nitrogen content of corn intercropped with forage of the genuse Brachiaria and Panicum. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four repetitions. The experiment consisted of eigth treatments types of corn intercropped with: Panicum maximum cv. 'Tanzania' sowed simultaneously (MTS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (TCM); Panicum maximum cv. 'Mombaça' sowed simultaneously (MMS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (MMC); Brachiaria brizantha cv. 'MG-5' sowed simultaneously (MBS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (MBC); Brachiaria ruziziensis sowed simultaneously (MRS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (MRC), besides the corn without intercropping (MSC). When the corn reached the V6 stage, proceeded the fertilization at covering with 100kg ha-1 N for the 9 treatments. The intercropped of forage of the genuse Brachiaria and Panicum with corn did not affect the N leaf content, yield components and grain yield in relation to corn cropping. The highest dry matter yields of the forages were in the consortium sown at the occasion of the corn nitrogen fertilization at covering.
O consórcio entre culturas leva à competição por fatores de produção como água, luz e nutrientes, porém, atualmente, é comum o cultivo integrado do milho com forrageiras para recuperação e renovação de pastagens degradadas, diversificação na renda dos produtores e produção de massa seca para sustentabilidade da agricultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e o teor de nitrogênio da cultura do milho consorciado com forrageiras dos gêneros Panicum e Brachiaria. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi constituído de oito tipos de consórcio do milho com: Panicum maximum cv. 'Tanzânia', semeado simultaneamente (MTS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura do milho (MTC); Panicum maximum cv. 'Mombaça', semeado simultaneamente (MMS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura (MMC); Brachiaria brizantha cv. 'MG-5', semeado simultaneamente (MBS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura (MBC); Brachiaria ruziziensis, semeado simultaneamente (MRS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura (MRC), além do cultivo do milho sem consorciação (MSC). Quando a cultura do milho atingiu o estádio V6, procedeu-se à adubação de cobertura com 100kg ha-1 de N para os 9 tratamentos. Os consórcios de forrageiras dos gêneros Panicum e Brachiaria com o milho não afetam o teor N foliar, os componentes de produção e a produtividade de grãos de milho, quando comparados com o cultivo solteiro. As maiores produtividades de massa seca das forrageiras foram nos consórcios semeados na ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura do milho.
RESUMO
In order to maintain the nutrients available to plants have been studied controlled release fertilizers. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the residual effect of doses of potassium chloride, coated or not, applied in the corn crop, regarding the crop components and grains yield of irrigated winter common bean, cultivated in followed, in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria MS, Brazil, 5122 west longitude and 2022 south latitude, in a clayey Oxisol, in 2009 and 2010. A randomized block design with four repetitions was used, disposed in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, being: four K2O doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) and two potassium sources (potassium chloride and coated potassium chloride by polymers) applied at sowing in the corn crop. The coated potassium chloride by polymers have the same residual effect as conventional KCl, because it provides results similar for the K and chlorophyll leaf contents, crop components and grains yield of winter common bean irrigated. The increment of potassium doses in the previous crop (corn) have residual effect, because it influenced positively the number of grains per plant in 2009 and increased linearly the chlorophyll leaf content and the grains yield of winter common bean irrigated in 2010, regardless of the source used for K.
Com a finalidade de manter os nutrientes disponíveis para as plantas têm-se buscado fertilizantes de liberação controlada. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito residual de doses de potássio usando cloreto de potássio e cloreto de potássio revestido por polímeros, aplicados na cultura do milho, nos componentes de produção e a produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno irrigado, cultivado em sucessão, em condições de cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido em Selvíria MS, com coordenadas geográficas de 51o 22 de longitude Oeste e 20o 22 de latitude Sul, num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura argilosa, em 2009 e 2010. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo: 4 doses de K2O (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) e 2 fontes de potásio (KCl e KCl revestido por polímeros) aplicadas na semeadura do milho. O KCl revestido por polímeros teve o mesmo efeito residual que KCl convencional, pois proporcionou resultados semelhantes para os teores foliares de K e de clorofila, nos componentes de produção e na produtividade de grãos de feijão de inverno irrigado. O incremento das doses de potássio na cultura anterior (milho) porporcionou efeito residual, pois influenciou positivamente o número de grãos por planta em 2009 e aumentou linearmente o teor de clorofila e a produtividade de grãos de feijão de
RESUMO
The low productivity of sugarcane crop in some areas can be correlated with the lack of nutrients due to cane sugar crop be a major exporter of nutrients. The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of five doses and three sources of manganese applied in the planting furrow in sugar cane plant and its residual effects on ratoon cane, in the northwest region of São Paulo. The experiment was conducted at the site Fujimoto, area administered by the Valley Distillery Parana S/A Sugar and Alcohol in Suzanápolis SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 5x3, with five doses of manganese (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1) and three sources (sulfate, chelate and FTE), applied at planting furrow in 4 repetitions. The plots consisted of four rows 5 m long, spaced by 1.5 m. The variety used was RB 86-7515. We assessed the accumulation of macro and micronutrients in stems, dry matter yield of stalks and stems. The sources and doses of manganese influenced the accumulation of macro and micronutrients and the dry stalks of sugar cane plant and ratoon cane. The stalk productivity was not affected by doses and sources of manganese in any crops.
A baixa produtividade dos canaviais em algumas áreas pode estar relacionada a exigência e exportação da cultura da cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de cinco doses e três fontes de manganês aplicadas no sulco de plantio na cultura da cana-de-açúcar em cana planta e seu efeito residual em cana soca. O experimento foi conduzido no sítio Fujimoto, área administrada pela Destilaria Vale do Paraná S/A Álcool e Açúcar, no município de Suzanápolis SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso arranjado em esquema fatorial 5x3, sendo cinco doses de manganês (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 kg ha-1) e três fontes (sulfato de manganês, quelato e FTE BR 12), aplicadas no sulco de plantio, com 4 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por 4 linhas de 5 m de comprimento, espaçadas por 1,5 m. A variedade utilizada foi a RB 86-7515. Foi avaliado o acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes nos colmos, matéria seca de colmos e produtividade de colmos. As fontes e doses de manganês influenciaram no acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes e na matéria seca de colmo em cana planta e cana soca. A produtividade de colmos não foi influenciada pelas doses e fontes manganês em nenhum dos cultivos.
RESUMO
The technological quality and yield of the sugarcane crop can be prejudiced by expansion of the crop to areas of low fertility, which usually present low zinc contents in the soil. The deficiency of this nutrient can result in the reduction of tillering, shorter internodes and thinner stem. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses and sources of zinc applied in the planting furrow, in the technological quality and agroindustrial yield of the sugarcane (cane-plant and first cane-ratton) cultivated in a sandy texture soil with low zinc content, in Northwest of São Paulo state. The experiment was accomplished in an eutroferric Alfisol, in an agricultural area administered by Usina Vale do Paraná Sugar and Alcohol, in Suzanápolis - SP, Brazil. A randomized complete blocks design, with 4 repetitions, disposed in a factorial scheme 5x3, being: five doses of Zn (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 e 10.0 kg ha-1) and three sources of Zn (FTE, Zn chelate and Zn sulfate) applied in the planting furrow. In the first cane-ratton, there were larger percentages of sucrose concentration (pol cane and pol juice) and juice purity for the chelate and sulfate of Zn, and larger percentage of juice reducing sugars for the FTE and sulfate of Zn. The agroindustrial yield of the sugarcane was not affected by increasing the zinc doses. Based on the indicators of technological quality (sucrose
A qualidade tecnológica e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar podem ser prejudicadas pela expansão da cultura para áreas de baixa fertilidade, onde geralmente se encontram baixos teores de zinco no solo. A deficiência deste nutriente pode ocasionar redução do perfilhamento, internódios mais curtos e colmos mais finos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de zinco aplicadas no sulco de plantio, na qualidade tecnológica e produtividade agroindustrial da cana-de açúcar (cana-planta e 1ª cana-soca) cultivada num solo de textura arenosa com baixo teor de Zn, na região Noroeste paulista. O experimento foi realizado num ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico, em área agrícola administrada pela Usina Vale do Paraná Açúcar e Álcool, em Suzanápolis - SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado na cana-planta e na 1ª cana-soca foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial (5x3), com cinco doses de zinco (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 kg ha-1) e três fontes de zinco (FTE, quelato de Zn e sulfato de Zn) aplicadas no sulco de plantio. Na 1ª cana-soca, houve maiores porcentagens de POL da cana, POL do caldo e pureza do caldo quando do uso do quelato e sulfato de Zn, e maior porcentagem de AR do caldo para o FTE e sulfato de Zn. A produtividade agroindustrial da cana-de-açúcar não foi afetada pelo aumento das doses de zinco. Baseado nos indicador
RESUMO
The intercropped between cultures lead to competition for production factors such as water, light and nutrients, however currently is common for integrated cultivation of corn for forage recovery and renovation of degraded areas, diversification of the producers income and production of dry matter for no-tillage system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and nitrogen content of corn intercropped with forage of the genuse Brachiaria and Panicum. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four repetitions. The experiment consisted of eigth treatments types of corn intercropped with: Panicum maximum cv. 'Tanzania' sowed simultaneously (MTS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (TCM); Panicum maximum cv. 'Mombaça' sowed simultaneously (MMS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (MMC); Brachiaria brizantha cv. 'MG-5' sowed simultaneously (MBS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (MBC); Brachiaria ruziziensis sowed simultaneously (MRS) or for occasion of the nitrogen fertilization at covering (MRC), besides the corn without intercropping (MSC). When the corn reached the V6 stage, proceeded the fertilization at covering with 100kg ha-1 N for the 9 treatments. The intercropped of forage of the genuse Brachiaria and Panicum with corn did not affect the N leaf content, yield components and grain yield in relation to corn cropping. The highest dry matter yields of the forages were in the consortium sown at the occasion of the corn nitrogen fertilization at covering.
O consórcio entre culturas leva à competição por fatores de produção como água, luz e nutrientes, porém, atualmente, é comum o cultivo integrado do milho com forrageiras para recuperação e renovação de pastagens degradadas, diversificação na renda dos produtores e produção de massa seca para sustentabilidade da agricultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e o teor de nitrogênio da cultura do milho consorciado com forrageiras dos gêneros Panicum e Brachiaria. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi constituído de oito tipos de consórcio do milho com: Panicum maximum cv. 'Tanzânia', semeado simultaneamente (MTS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura do milho (MTC); Panicum maximum cv. 'Mombaça', semeado simultaneamente (MMS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura (MMC); Brachiaria brizantha cv. 'MG-5', semeado simultaneamente (MBS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura (MBC); Brachiaria ruziziensis, semeado simultaneamente (MRS) ou por ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura (MRC), além do cultivo do milho sem consorciação (MSC). Quando a cultura do milho atingiu o estádio V6, procedeu-se à adubação de cobertura com 100kg ha-1 de N para os 9 tratamentos. Os consórcios de forrageiras dos gêneros Panicum e Brachiaria com o milho não afetam o teor N foliar, os componentes de produção e a produtividade de grãos de milho, quando comparados com o cultivo solteiro. As maiores produtividades de massa seca das forrageiras foram nos consórcios semeados na ocasião da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura do milho.
RESUMO
The technological quality and yield of the sugarcane crop can be prejudiced by expansion of the crop to areas of low fertility, which usually present low zinc contents in the soil. The deficiency of this nutrient can result in the reduction of tillering, shorter internodes and thinner stem. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses and sources of zinc applied in the planting furrow, in the technological quality and agroindustrial yield of the sugarcane (cane-plant and first cane-ratton) cultivated in a sandy texture soil with low zinc content, in Northwest of São Paulo state. The experiment was accomplished in an eutroferric Alfisol, in an agricultural area administered by Usina Vale do Paraná Sugar and Alcohol, in Suzanápolis - SP, Brazil. A randomized complete blocks design, with 4 repetitions, disposed in a factorial scheme 5x3, being: five doses of Zn (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 e 10.0 kg ha-1) and three sources of Zn (FTE, Zn chelate and Zn sulfate) applied in the planting furrow. In the first cane-ratton, there were larger percentages of sucrose concentration (pol cane and pol juice) and juice purity for the chelate and sulfate of Zn, and larger percentage of juice reducing sugars for the FTE and sulfate of Zn. The agroindustrial yield of the sugarcane was not affected by increasing the zinc doses. Based on the indicators of technological quality (sucrose
A qualidade tecnológica e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar podem ser prejudicadas pela expansão da cultura para áreas de baixa fertilidade, onde geralmente se encontram baixos teores de zinco no solo. A deficiência deste nutriente pode ocasionar redução do perfilhamento, internódios mais curtos e colmos mais finos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de zinco aplicadas no sulco de plantio, na qualidade tecnológica e produtividade agroindustrial da cana-de açúcar (cana-planta e 1ª cana-soca) cultivada num solo de textura arenosa com baixo teor de Zn, na região Noroeste paulista. O experimento foi realizado num ARGISSOLO VERMELHO Eutroférrico, em área agrícola administrada pela Usina Vale do Paraná Açúcar e Álcool, em Suzanápolis - SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado na cana-planta e na 1ª cana-soca foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial (5x3), com cinco doses de zinco (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 kg ha-1) e três fontes de zinco (FTE, quelato de Zn e sulfato de Zn) aplicadas no sulco de plantio. Na 1ª cana-soca, houve maiores porcentagens de POL da cana, POL do caldo e pureza do caldo quando do uso do quelato e sulfato de Zn, e maior porcentagem de AR do caldo para o FTE e sulfato de Zn. A produtividade agroindustrial da cana-de-açúcar não foi afetada pelo aumento das doses de zinco. Baseado nos indicador
RESUMO
The low productivity of sugarcane crop in some areas can be correlated with the lack of nutrients due to cane sugar crop be a major exporter of nutrients. The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of five doses and three sources of manganese applied in the planting furrow in sugar cane plant and its residual effects on ratoon cane, in the northwest region of São Paulo. The experiment was conducted at the site Fujimoto, area administered by the Valley Distillery Parana S/A Sugar and Alcohol in Suzanápolis SP. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 5x3, with five doses of manganese (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1) and three sources (sulfate, chelate and FTE), applied at planting furrow in 4 repetitions. The plots consisted of four rows 5 m long, spaced by 1.5 m. The variety used was RB 86-7515. We assessed the accumulation of macro and micronutrients in stems, dry matter yield of stalks and stems. The sources and doses of manganese influenced the accumulation of macro and micronutrients and the dry stalks of sugar cane plant and ratoon cane. The stalk productivity was not affected by doses and sources of manganese in any crops.
A baixa produtividade dos canaviais em algumas áreas pode estar relacionada a exigência e exportação da cultura da cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de cinco doses e três fontes de manganês aplicadas no sulco de plantio na cultura da cana-de-açúcar em cana planta e seu efeito residual em cana soca. O experimento foi conduzido no sítio Fujimoto, área administrada pela Destilaria Vale do Paraná S/A Álcool e Açúcar, no município de Suzanápolis SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso arranjado em esquema fatorial 5x3, sendo cinco doses de manganês (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 kg ha-1) e três fontes (sulfato de manganês, quelato e FTE BR 12), aplicadas no sulco de plantio, com 4 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por 4 linhas de 5 m de comprimento, espaçadas por 1,5 m. A variedade utilizada foi a RB 86-7515. Foi avaliado o acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes nos colmos, matéria seca de colmos e produtividade de colmos. As fontes e doses de manganês influenciaram no acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes e na matéria seca de colmo em cana planta e cana soca. A produtividade de colmos não foi influenciada pelas doses e fontes manganês em nenhum dos cultivos.
RESUMO
In order to maintain the nutrients available to plants have been studied controlled release fertilizers. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the residual effect of doses of potassium chloride, coated or not, applied in the corn crop, regarding the crop components and grains yield of irrigated winter common bean, cultivated in followed, in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria MS, Brazil, 5122 west longitude and 2022 south latitude, in a clayey Oxisol, in 2009 and 2010. A randomized block design with four repetitions was used, disposed in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, being: four K2O doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) and two potassium sources (potassium chloride and coated potassium chloride by polymers) applied at sowing in the corn crop. The coated potassium chloride by polymers have the same residual effect as conventional KCl, because it provides results similar for the K and chlorophyll leaf contents, crop components and grains yield of winter common bean irrigated. The increment of potassium doses in the previous crop (corn) have residual effect, because it influenced positively the number of grains per plant in 2009 and increased linearly the chlorophyll leaf content and the grains yield of winter common bean irrigated in 2010, regardless of the source used for K.
Com a finalidade de manter os nutrientes disponíveis para as plantas têm-se buscado fertilizantes de liberação controlada. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito residual de doses de potássio usando cloreto de potássio e cloreto de potássio revestido por polímeros, aplicados na cultura do milho, nos componentes de produção e a produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno irrigado, cultivado em sucessão, em condições de cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido em Selvíria MS, com coordenadas geográficas de 51o 22 de longitude Oeste e 20o 22 de latitude Sul, num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura argilosa, em 2009 e 2010. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo: 4 doses de K2O (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) e 2 fontes de potásio (KCl e KCl revestido por polímeros) aplicadas na semeadura do milho. O KCl revestido por polímeros teve o mesmo efeito residual que KCl convencional, pois proporcionou resultados semelhantes para os teores foliares de K e de clorofila, nos componentes de produção e na produtividade de grãos de feijão de inverno irrigado. O incremento das doses de potássio na cultura anterior (milho) porporcionou efeito residual, pois influenciou positivamente o número de grãos por planta em 2009 e aumentou linearmente o teor de clorofila e a produtividade de grãos de feijão de
RESUMO
In recent years, the corn crop in Brazil has undergone major technological changes, aiming at a sustainable production. This improvement may be related to appropriate management, which includes, among other practices, crop rotation and tillage; that one can get through crop-livestock integration (CLI). The CLI can be done by the consortium sequence or crop rotation with annual forages in order to recover degraded pastures. This work aimed to evaluate the macronutrient leaf content of corn intercropped with forages of the genus Panicum and Urochloa. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions, being in no-tillage for 8 years (previous corn crop). In nitrogen fertilization was applying 100 kg ha-1 of N as urea. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and five treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CTD) of the corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CMD) of the corn; Urochloa brizantha Xaraes sown during the occasion of nitrogen fertilization (CBD) of the corn; Urochloa ruziziensis sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CRD) of the corn, and corn without intercropping (CWI). The grasses seeds were mixed with fertilizer minutes before sowing and placed in fertil
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The biggest limitation to sustainable tillage in the Savannah region is the low biomass accumulation during autumn up to spring, due to low water availability and high temperatures characterizing these regions as having a warm and dry winter. The consortium of grains crops with tropical forages mainly of the genus Panicum and Urochloa is an alternative, to this situation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the straw production of Panicum and Urochloa after consortium with corn in the crop-livestock integration system on the soybean crop irrigated in succession. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions, being in no-tillage for 8 years (previous corn crop). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and four treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CTD) of the corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CMD) of the corn; Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés sown during the occasion of nitrogen fertilization (CBD) of the corn; Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Comum sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CRD) of the corn. After harvesting the corn and forages cuts, soybean was planted with seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Turfy with 600,000 viable cells/seed),
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The basic premises for sustainable agricultural development with focus on rural producers are reducing the costs of production and aggregation of values through the use crop-livestock system (CLS) throughout the year. The CLS is based on the consortium of grain crops, especially corn with tropical forages, mainly of the genus Panicum and Urochloa. The study aimed to evaluate the grain yield of irrigated corn crop intercropped with forage of the genus Panicum and Urochloa. The experiment was conducted at the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão FEPE of the Faculdade de Engenharia - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in savannah conditions and in the autumn winter of 2009. The experimental area was irrigated by a center pivot and had a history of no-tillage system for 8 years. The corn hybrid used was simple DKB 390 YG at distances of 0.90 m. The seeds of grasses were sown in 0.34 m spacing in the amount of 5 kg ha-1, they were mixed with fertilizer minutes before sowing and placed in a compartment fertilizer seeder and fertilizers were mechanically deposited in the soil at a depth of 0.03 m. The experimental design used was a randomized block with four replications and five treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CTD) of the corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown during the nitrogen fertilization (CMD) of the corn; Urochloa brizantha
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
In the past, the integration of grain with cattle activity was limited to restricted options. Nowadays, however, there are numerous offers technology applicable to various concerns and socio-economic situation of producers. The integrated crop-livestock (ICL) can be made by the intercrop, succession or crop rotation with annual grasses. The work aimed to evaluate the grain yield of irrigated corn crop intercropped with forages of the genus Panicum and Urochloa in simultaneous sowing with corn. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions. The experimental area was irrigated by center pivot and it had a history of no-tillage to 8 years. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments, as being: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown simultaneously (CTS) to corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown simultaneously (CMS) to corn; Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes sown simultaneously (CBS) to corn; Urochloa ruziziensis sown simultaneously (CRS) to corn, and corn without intercropping (CWI). The production components of corn: plant population per hectare (PlPo), number of ears per hectare (NE ha-1), number of rows per ear (NRE), number of kernels per row on the ear (NKR), number of grain per ear (NGE) and mass of 100 grains (M100G) were
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
The planting of crops in degraded pasture areas is a formula used for decades by farmers to recover the productive capacity of pastures and soils. The integrated crop-livestock (ICL) consists of different production systems of grains, fibers, wood, meat, milk and agro-deployed in the same area, in intercrop, rotation or succession. Typically this integration mainly involves the planting of grain and pasture in the recovery or deployment. This work aimed to evaluate the macronutrients leaf contents of irrigated corn intercropped with forages of the genus Panicum and Urochloa simultaneously to sown corn. The experiment was conducted at the Farm for Teaching, Research and Extension, Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira in an Oxisol in Savannah conditions, in experimental area that had a history of no-tillage to 8 years (previous crop corn). The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania sown simultaneously (CTS) corn; Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça sown simultaneously (CMS) to corn; Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraes sown simultaneously (CBS) corn; Urochloa ruziziensis sown simultaneously (CRS) to corn, and corn without intercropping (CWI). The seeds of grasses were sown in spacing of 0.34 m, being sown with a seed drill with disc coulters mounted mechanism for no-tillage system at a depth of 0.03 m. The
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
Proper management of nitrogen fertilization and using cultivars with high productive potential are essential to obtain high wheat yield. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the effects of different N doses and sources, one with a nitrification inhibitor, applied at sowing or as side dressing, on the production components and yield of two wheat cultivars irrigated, under no till, cultivated in a region of low altitude Cerrado (Selvíria - MS). A randomized block design was used in a 5x3x2x2 factorial arrangement, that is, five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200kg ha-1), three nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfonitrate with nitrification inhibitor (Entec®), ammonium sulfate and urea) and two nitrogen application times (at sowing or side dressing) on two wheat cultivars ('E 22' and 'E 42') with three replications. There was no difference for grain yield between the wheat cultivars and among the nitrogen sources. The application of nitrogen totally at sowing is feasible as well as the traditional application at sowing and side dressing. The nitrogen doses increased the leaf N content of the 'E 22' cultivar, resulting in a reduction in the hectolitric mass of the 'E 42' cultivar and increased grain yield of the 'E 22' and 'E 42' wheat yield cultivars, respectively, up to doses of 126 and 122kg ha-1 N, regardless of the application time and the nitrogen source.
O manejo adequado da adubação nitrogenada e a utilização de cultivares de alto potencial produtivo são essenciais para obtenção de altas produtividades de trigo. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses e fontes de N, sendo uma com inibidor de nitrificação, aplicadas no sulco de semeadura ou em cobertura, nos componentes de produção e na produtividade de duas cultivares de trigo irrigado, sob plantio direto, cultivado numa região de cerrado de baixa altitude (Selvíria - MS). O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 5x3x2x2, ou seja, cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200kg ha-1), três fontes de N (Entec®, sulfato de amônio e uréia) e duas épocas de aplicação de N (na semeadura, ao lado das linhas ou em cobertura), em duas cultivares de trigo ('E 22' e 'E 42'), com 3 repetições. Não houve diferença para produtividade de grãos das cultivares de trigo e entre as fontes de N. A aplicação do nitrogênio totalmente em semeadura é viável, assim como a aplicação tradicional em semeadura e cobertura. O incremento das doses de nitrogênio aumenta o teor de N foliar da cultivar 'E 22', proporciona redução da massa hectolítrica da cultivar 'E 42' e aumenta a produtividade de grãos das cultivares de trigo 'E 22' e 'E 42', respectivamente, até as doses de 126 e 122kg ha-1 de N, independente da época de aplicação e da fonte de N.
RESUMO
Proper management of nitrogen fertilization and using cultivars with high productive potential are essential to obtain high wheat yield. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the effects of different N doses and sources, one with a nitrification inhibitor, applied at sowing or as side dressing, on the production components and yield of two wheat cultivars irrigated, under no till, cultivated in a region of low altitude Cerrado (Selvíria - MS). A randomized block design was used in a 5x3x2x2 factorial arrangement, that is, five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200kg ha-1), three nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfonitrate with nitrification inhibitor (Entec®), ammonium sulfate and urea) and two nitrogen application times (at sowing or side dressing) on two wheat cultivars ('E 22' and 'E 42') with three replications. There was no difference for grain yield between the wheat cultivars and among the nitrogen sources. The application of nitrogen totally at sowing is feasible as well as the traditional application at sowing and side dressing. The nitrogen doses increased the leaf N content of the 'E 22' cultivar, resulting in a reduction in the hectolitric mass of the 'E 42' cultivar and increased grain yield of the 'E 22' and 'E 42' wheat yield cultivars, respectively, up to doses of 126 and 122kg ha-1 N, regardless of the application time and the nitrogen source.
O manejo adequado da adubação nitrogenada e a utilização de cultivares de alto potencial produtivo são essenciais para obtenção de altas produtividades de trigo. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses e fontes de N, sendo uma com inibidor de nitrificação, aplicadas no sulco de semeadura ou em cobertura, nos componentes de produção e na produtividade de duas cultivares de trigo irrigado, sob plantio direto, cultivado numa região de cerrado de baixa altitude (Selvíria - MS). O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um esquema fatorial 5x3x2x2, ou seja, cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200kg ha-1), três fontes de N (Entec®, sulfato de amônio e uréia) e duas épocas de aplicação de N (na semeadura, ao lado das linhas ou em cobertura), em duas cultivares de trigo ('E 22' e 'E 42'), com 3 repetições. Não houve diferença para produtividade de grãos das cultivares de trigo e entre as fontes de N. A aplicação do nitrogênio totalmente em semeadura é viável, assim como a aplicação tradicional em semeadura e cobertura. O incremento das doses de nitrogênio aumenta o teor de N foliar da cultivar 'E 22', proporciona redução da massa hectolítrica da cultivar 'E 42' e aumenta a produtividade de grãos das cultivares de trigo 'E 22' e 'E 42', respectivamente, até as doses de 126 e 122kg ha-1 de N, independente da época de aplicação e da fonte de N.