RESUMO
Congenital malformations (CMs) or developmental abnormalities are pathological processes defined as morphological defects that originate during embryonic stages. A wide variety of CMs is observed in reptiles, most of which are incompatible with normal life. Characterization of CMs and their pathogenesis are of great importance for the conservation of reptiles, including neotropical viperids (NVs). External CMs are often reported in these species, but little is known about concomitant microscopical findings in the viscera of malformed individuals. In order to partially fill in this gap in knowledge, we aimed to investigate and characterize histopathological findings in the viscera of malformed NVs, jararacas (Bothrops jararaca) and South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus), correlating these findings with features of external CMs. From 78 malformed snakes analysed, 100% (19/19) of rattlesnakes and 98.3% (58/59) of jararacas had histopathological changes in the viscera. Liver and/or kidney fatty degeneration was the most common finding in malformed and control animals. Renal glomerulocystic and tubular disease was significantly correlated with brachygnathia (P < 0.05) in jararacas. These results add to the body of knowledge of snake pathology and demonstrate some associations between external CMs and visceral histopathological findings, some of which could have implications for individual survival.
RESUMO
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that comprise neurofibromas, schwannomas, neurilemmomas, and perineuromas. In animals, peripheral nerve sheath neoplasms are most commonly diagnosed in dogs and cattle, followed by horses, goats, and cats, but their occurrence is uncommon in birds. An adult, free-living, male toco (common) toucan (Ramphastos toco) was admitted to the zoo animal clinic with weight loss, dehydration, and presence of a soft nodule adhered to the medial portion of the left pectoral muscle. Clinical, cytologic, and computed tomography scan results were indicative of a neoplasm. The toucan died during surgical resection of the mass. Necropsy, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. To our knowledge, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor has not previously been reported in a toucan or any other species in the order Piciformes.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/patologia , Aves , Neoplasias de Bainha Neural/veterinária , Animais , Animais SelvagensRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The swine is an essential model for carrying out preclinical research and for teaching complex surgical procedures. There is a lack of experimental models describing anatomical and surgical aspects of total pancreatectomy in the pig. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiments were performed on 10 white male swine weighing 27-33 kg. The animals were premedicated with midazolam (0.4 mg/kg, i.m.) and ketamine (4 mg/kg, i.m.). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (1-2 mg/kg, i.v.) and was maintained with propofol and fentanyl (0.3 mg and 0.1 µg/kg/min, respectively, i.v.). The surgical period ranged from 44 to 77 min. The pancreas anatomy, and the main arterial, venous and pancreatic duct anatomy were assessed. RESULTS: The pancreas anatomy was composed of 3 lobes, the 'splenic', 'duodenal' and 'connecting' lobe which is attached to the anterior portion of the portal vein. The splenic artery and the junction of the splenic vein and portal vein were divided. The left gastric artery was dissected and separated from its origin at the splenic artery. The head of the pancreas is disposed in a C shape. The pancreas was dissected and liberated from the right portion of the portal vein and the infrahepatic vena cava. The pancreas was separated from the duodenum preserving the pancreaticoduodenal artery, then we performed the total pancreatectomy preserving the duodenum, common bile duct and spleen. CONCLUSION: Total pancreatectomy with duodenum, bile duct and spleen preservation in the pig is feasible and an important instrument for research purposes and teaching surgical technique.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Suínos , Animais , Masculino , Pâncreas/anatomia & histologia , Pâncreas/cirurgiaRESUMO
The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in fecal samples of lambs was determined in order to test correlations among the type of animal raising, feces consistence, index of oocysts elimination, animalage, and molecular characterization of species and genotypes involved in this parasitism. A total of 460 fecal samples were collected from lambs during the first 30 days of life, in various screeds of 21 farms.All samples were analyzed using malachite green negative coloration stain under microscopy. For molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium, on positive samples under microscopy, a nested PCR protocol was used for amplification of fragmentts from 18S rRNA gene or actin gene. It was found 6.7%of animals expeling oocysts of Cryptosporidium in feces of eight farms, without statistics relation among the analyzed indexes. The species and genotype involved were C. parvum type A 18S rRNA, C. parvum type B 18S rRNA and cervid genotype, which present a zoonotic potential of disease.(AU)
Assuntos
Cryptosporidium/fisiologia , Estrutura Molecular , Fezes/parasitologia , Ovinos/parasitologiaRESUMO
An extract obtained from the leaves of Ageratum conyzoides L. changed the electrocardiogram, atrial impulse velocity, and coronary vessels resistance on isolated guinea-pig heart. Electrocardiographic alterations were: (a) PR interval increased from 80 +/- 1.4 ms to 105 +/- 14 ms (p < 0.01); (b) QT interval decreased from 170 +/- 2 ms to 154 +/- 7 ms (p < 0.01); (c) heart rate decreased from 170 +/- 17 bpm to 152 +/- 21 bpm (p < 0.01);(d) atrial impulse velocity decreased from 51 +/- 2 cm/s to 45 +/- 3 cm/s (p < 0.01);(e) the time spent for the impulse to be conducted from the atrium to the His bundle increased from 73 +/- 13 ms to 100 +/- 24 ms (p < 0.01). These effects disappeared after a washout.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacologia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobaias , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/química , Receptores Colinérgicos/fisiologiaRESUMO
The expression of Brazil nut storage albumin genes is highly regulated during seed development. Several sequences in the promoter of one of these genes show homologies with the target sites of the maize O2 bZIP regulatory protein. We therefore asked whether the O2 protein would recognize these promoter sequences. We show that the O2 protein binds to three different sequences (F1, F2 and F3). F1 and F3 are hybrid C/G and A/G boxes, respectively, that are homologous to the O2-binding site of a maize alpha-zein gene. F2 is a new O2-binding sequence related to the O2 target sites of the Coix alpha-coxin, the maize b-32 genes and the AP-1 pseudopalindrome. Molecular modelling showed that an Asn and a Ser in the 02 DNA binding domain make different base-specific contacts with each operator. 5' Promoter deletions of the be2S1 gene showed that the domain containing the O2 target sites F1 and F2 is required for detectable reporter gene expression in transgenic tobacco seeds. Moreover, the homologous coix O2 protein was shown to in situ transactivate the promoter region encompassing the three O2-binding sites F1, F2 and F3. Thus, these sites may be in vivo regulatory sequences mediating activation by bZIP regulatory proteins.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Nozes/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Albuminas 2S de Plantas , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antígenos de Plantas , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Simulação por Computador , Pegada de DNA , Zíper de Leucina , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nozes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Sementes/genética , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Transformação Genética , Árvores/genética , Árvores/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is the main aetiological agent of acute diarrhoea among low socioeconomic level infants in developing countries. Breast-feeding provides infant protection against acute gastrointestinal and respiratory infections; however, little is known about the protective role of colostral phagocytes in the gut of newborn infants. In the present investigation we studied the ability of human colostral MN phagocytes to kill EPEC as well as the interactions between these cells and colostral and serum opsonins. The authors observed that the microbicidal activity of colostrum MN phagocytes was dependent on previous EPEC opsonization with colostral supernatant or blood serum. A defatted colostrum supernatant pool presented opsonic activity for EPEC killing at levels equivalent to those of normal serum. IgA-depleted colostrum supernatant showed significantly lower opsonic activity, whereas purified IgA from the same colostrum pool was a potent opsonin which induced EPEC killing at levels equivalent to those of untreated colostrum. Colostral MN phagocytes are able to release superoxide anion when incubated with both EPEC opsonized with untreated colostrum and purified IgA. Purified IgA was also able to restore opsonic activity of IgA-depleted colostrum. A colostrum pool without C3 and IgG induced EPEC killing by colostral MN phagocytes at rates equivalent to those of untreated colostrum supernatant. Addition of an IgM MoAb (My43) anti-human Fc alpha receptor resulted in a significant inhibition of EPEC killing when bacteria were opsonized with purified IgA, suggesting an interaction between IgA and Fc alpha R. With respect to serum opsonins, we observed that IgG plus complement component C3 were necessary to induce EPEC killing by the colostrum MN phagocytes. Colostral phagocyte killing of enteropathogenic bacteria may represent an additional mechanism of breast-feeding protein against intestinal infections during the first week of life.
Assuntos
Colostro/imunologia , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Fagócitos/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atividade Bactericida do Sangue , Complemento C3/imunologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Diarreia/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Proteínas Opsonizantes , Receptores Fc/imunologia , Superóxidos/metabolismoRESUMO
The case of a 15 year old white man, diabetic in cetoacidosis, with a orbit-rhino-cerebral phycomycosis is reported. The illness had an acute onset and the treatment was iniciated early with Amphotericin-B and unilateral osteotomy of maxillary and ethmoidal sinus. With this treatment the patient did well with residuals of ophtalmoplegia and amaurosis on the right. Interesting investigation aspects are the occluded internal carotid on the same side of the affected orbit and the CAT-SCAN finding of moderated ventricular dilatation (two months after hospital admission). Mycology, pathophysiology, histopathology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy are discussed, comparing the findings of this case with avaliable literature. An increased number of survivors can be expected with earlier recognition and more aggressive therapy. Treatment of the underlying debilitating disease, Amphotericin-B and surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, are frequently necessary such as observed in the case reported. The favorable results obtained with the proposed managment are stressed.