RESUMO

Dietary protein adjustments can reduce environmental impact and economic losses in production systems. However, we lack information regarding nitrogen (N) metabolism and protein requirements for maintenance of crossbred animals such as Red Norte breed, precluding a precise dietary management. The objective was to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary CP levels (9%, 11%, 13%, 15% and 17%) on intake, digestibility and N balance, as well as to estimate the metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance (MPm) of growing Red Norte bulls. Thirty five animals averaging 280 ± 4.0 kg BW were fed during 45 days in a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate ratio diet in which the last 5 days were used for the digestibility trial. Intakes of CP and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFCs) and feed efficiency linearly increased (P < 0.05) as CP levels increased, while DM, NDF, nitrogen efficiency use and ether extract were not influenced by CP levels (P > 0.05). Digestibilities of DM, organic matter, ether extract, NFC and CP as well as metabolizable energy intake linearly increased (P < 0.05), and true digestibility of CP was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments. Urinary N and retained N linearly increased (P < 0.05) with the increase in dietary N. The MPm were estimated as 4.46 g/BW0.75 and the efficiency of use of MPm was 0.673. In conclusion, obtained MPm requirements of growing Red Norte bulls are greater than the values reported in literature for Zebu cattle and dietary CP levels of 15% and 17% exhibited great responses for growing Red Norte cattle. However, a cost-benefit evaluation should be done before its use.

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The morphology of the ruminal and omasal mucosa and hepatic parenchyma of 44 young bulls submitted to four types of concentrates were evaluated by varying the inclusion level of crude Glycerin - CG (0, 6, 12 and 18%). The variables evaluated were number of ruminal papillae per cm² of wall; area of the papillae and total absorption surface per cm² of wall; Mitotic index - MI, height and area of ruminal and omasal papillae; and hepatic morphology. The samples processed for inclusion in paraffin and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The different levels of inclusion of CG in the diet did not interfere either in the number of papillae per cm2 of rumen wall (P= 0,70) or in the ruminal absorptive surface area (P= 0,89). Animals that received diets with levels 12 and 18% had higher MI of the ruminal epithelium (P< 0.01), but higher cell proliferation wasn't reflected in height gain and papillary area (P= 0,82). The omasal mucosa wasn't influenced by the inclusion of CG (MI e height gain and papillary area, P= 0,43, P= 0,56 e P= 0,9, respectively). The inclusion of GB in up to 18% of diet dry matter didn't alter the morphology of the rumen and omaso mucosa; and the integrity hepatic parenchyma.(AU)

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A atresia anal com fístula retovaginal, é considerada uma afecção congênita rara nos ovinos. Em virtude disso, buscou-se descrever o reparo cirúrgico e cuidados pós-operatórios em uma borrega que apresentava essa afecção. Nesse sentido, uma borrega, sem raça definida, de 25 dias de idade e pesando 7,2kg, apresentou sinais de distensão abdominal e defecação pela vulva. A afecção foi diagnosticada por meio do exame clínico e confirmada radiograficamente, constatando-se atresia anal do tipo III em associação com a fístula.(AU)

Atresia ani associated with rectovaginal fistula is considered a rare congenital anomaly in sheep. Therefore, the surgical correction and post-operative care of a lamb presenting atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula has been detailed in this case report. A 25-days old, mixed breed lamb, weighing 7.2 kg, showing signs of abdominal bloating, and stool passage through the vulva was admitted at our hospital. An atresia ani type III condition associated with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by radiographic examination.(AU)

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RESUMO

A atresia anal com fístula retovaginal, é considerada uma afecção congênita rara nos ovinos. Em virtude disso, buscou-se descrever o reparo cirúrgico e cuidados pós-operatórios em uma borrega que apresentava essa afecção. Nesse sentido, uma borrega, sem raça definida, de 25 dias de idade e pesando 7,2kg, apresentou sinais de distensão abdominal e defecação pela vulva. A afecção foi diagnosticada por meio do exame clínico e confirmada radiograficamente, constatando-se atresia anal do tipo III em associação com a fístula.(AU)

Atresia ani associated with rectovaginal fistula is considered a rare congenital anomaly in sheep. Therefore, the surgical correction and post-operative care of a lamb presenting atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula has been detailed in this case report. A 25-days old, mixed breed lamb, weighing 7.2 kg, showing signs of abdominal bloating, and stool passage through the vulva was admitted at our hospital. An atresia ani type III condition associated with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by radiographic examination.(AU)

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AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical variables on survival rates in patients with squamous cell carcinomas in the lower oral cavity. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who exhibited a histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower oral cavity, who underwent surgery. Data on clinical, histological, and treatment variables were collected to assess the effect of these variables on global survival and disease-free curves. RESULTS: We studied 117 patients, 86 (73.5%) males and 31 (26.5%) females, who underwent surgery between January 2005 and June 2009. The overall survival rate was 74.4% after two years, and the disease-free rate was 67.5%. Midline invasion by the primary tumor negatively impacted overall survival (P=0.02) and disease-free survival (P=0.01). The disease-free survival rate of patients with histologically confirmed neck metastases was 76.8% versus 59% for patients without metastases (P=0.01). Disease-free survival of patients with one affected lymph node was 89.5%, and 45.2% for more than one affected lymph node (P<0.01). Patients who ended radiotherapy in less than 60 days exhibited a disease-free rate of 59.0%, and patients whose treatment lasted more than 60 days exhibited a rate of 77.1% (P=0.06). CONCLUSION: In our study, primary tumor invasion of the midline, the presence of more than one affected lymph node as confirmed by histology, the delaying radiotherapy for more than 56 days and radiotherapy that lasted longer than 60 days worsen patient prognosis.

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The objective was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from young bulls fed crude glycerin. Forty-four animals with an initial live weight of 368 ± 4 kg were used in a completely randomized design, with four treatments: no glycerin or addition of 6, 12 or 18% glycerin. The animals were slaughtered with 519.5 ± 14.9 kg of live weight. The meat characteristics assessed were chemical composition, shear force, fatty acid concentration, color and lipid oxidation. The addition of glycerin increased the content of ether extract (P<0.05) in the muscle. A linear increase was observed (P<0.05) in the oleic acid contents (C18:1 cis 9). The saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents linearly decreased in the muscle as a function of glycerin addition. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) indices increased with the use of crude glycerin (P<0.05). The crude glycerin increased the intramuscular fat and oleic acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química e as características fermentativas de silagens da polpa de café com diferentes proporções de casca de café. O material foi ensilado em PVC de 150 mm de diâmetro por 750 mm de altura, segundo os tratamentos: polpa de café (PC), PC + 20% de casca de café (CC), PC + 40% de CC e PC + 60% de CC, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. Os silos foram abertos 60 dias após o fechamento, quando foram retiradas amostras para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, celulose, pH, N-NH3, cafeína, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Determinou-se também a produção de efluentes e de gás. Houve um aumento linear no teor de MS e pH, à medida que foi adicionado casca de café nas silagens, e decréscimo linear nos teores de PB, FDN e FDA, lignina, celulose, cafeína, Ca e P. Esse decréscimo ocorreu pelo fato da casca de café possuir teores inferiores ao da polpa para PB, FDN, FDA, cafeína, Ca e P. Houve também redução linear nos valores de N-NH3, e somente a silagem com maior porcentagem de casca de café obteve valor inferior a 10%, considerado como limite para silagem de boa qualidade. A produção de efluentes foi maior para a silagem de polpa de café sem casca e não se obteve nenhuma produção na silagem com 60% de casca. Não houve diferença significativa na DIVMS entre os tratamentos. A casca de café foi efetiva em aumentar o teor de MS da silagem de PC e em reduzir os teores de FDN, FDA, N-NH3, proporcionando silagem de valor nutritivo satisfatório à alimentação de bovinos, criando, assim, alternativa para aproveitamento desses resíduos. Ao considerar o teor de MS encontrado nas silagens, a melhor quantidade de casca de café a ser acrescentada à polpa de café, para produção de silagem está entre 30% e 35%. (AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the coffee pulp silages with different proportions of coffee hulls. The material was ensiled in PVC with 150 mm diameter by 750 mm high, according to the treatments: coffee pulp (CoP), CoP + 20% of coffee hulls (CH), CoP + 40% of CH and CoP + 60% CH in a completely randomized design with six replications. The silos were opened 60 days after closing, when samples were taken for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, pH, N-NH3, caffeine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. We also determined gas production and effluent. There was a linear increase in DM content and pH, and a linear decrease of CP, NDF and ADF, lignin, cellulose, caffeine, Ca and P. This reduction occurs because the coffee hulls have lower levels than pulp to CP, NDF, ADF, caffeine, Ca and P. There was also a linear reduction in N-NH3 values, and only the highest percentage of silage with coffee hulls obtained below 10%, considered as the limit for good quality silage. Effluent production was higher for silage shelled coffee pulp and do not get any production in silage with 60% coffee hull. There was no significant difference in vitro digestibility of dry matter among treatments. The coffee hulls was effective in increasing DM content of CoP silage and to reduce NDF, ADF, N-NH3, providing nutritional value of silage satisfactory for cattle feed, creating an alternative for recovery of such waste. When considering the DM content found in silages, the amount of bark best coffee to be added to coffee pulp for the production of silage is between 30% and 35%. (AU)

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RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química e as características fermentativas de silagens da polpa de café com diferentes proporções de casca de café. O material foi ensilado em PVC de 150 mm de diâmetro por 750 mm de altura, segundo os tratamentos: polpa de café (PC), PC + 20% de casca de café (CC), PC + 40% de CC e PC + 60% de CC, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. Os silos foram abertos 60 dias após o fechamento, quando foram retiradas amostras para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, celulose, pH, N-NH3, cafeína, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Determinou-se também a produção de efluentes e de gás. Houve um aumento linear no teor de MS e pH, à medida que foi adicionado casca de café nas silagens, e decréscimo linear nos teores de PB, FDN e FDA, lignina, celulose, cafeína, Ca e P. Esse decréscimo ocorreu pelo fato da casca de café possuir teores inferiores ao da polpa para PB, FDN, FDA, cafeína, Ca e P. Houve também redução linear nos valores de N-NH3, e somente a silagem com maior porcentagem de casca de café obteve valor inferior a 10%, considerado como limite para silagem de boa qualidade. A produção de efluentes foi maior para a silagem de polpa de café sem casca e não se obteve nenhuma produção na silagem com 60% de casca. Não houve diferença significativa na DIVMS entre os tratamentos. A casca de café foi efetiva em aumentar o teor de MS da silagem de PC e em reduzir os teores de FDN, FDA, N-NH3, proporcionando silagem de valor nutritivo satisfatório à alimentação de bovinos, criando, assim, alternativa para aproveitamento desses resíduos. Ao considerar o teor de MS encontrado nas silagens, a melhor quantidade de casca de café a ser acrescentada à polpa de café, para produção de silagem está entre 30% e 35%.

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the coffee pulp silages with different proportions of coffee hulls. The material was ensiled in PVC with 150 mm diameter by 750 mm high, according to the treatments: coffee pulp (CoP), CoP + 20% of coffee hulls (CH), CoP + 40% of CH and CoP + 60% CH in a completely randomized design with six replications. The silos were opened 60 days after closing, when samples were taken for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, pH, N-NH3, caffeine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. We also determined gas production and effluent. There was a linear increase in DM content and pH, and a linear decrease of CP, NDF and ADF, lignin, cellulose, caffeine, Ca and P. This reduction occurs because the coffee hulls have lower levels than pulp to CP, NDF, ADF, caffeine, Ca and P. There was also a linear reduction in N-NH3 values, and only the highest percentage of silage with coffee hulls obtained below 10%, considered as the limit for good quality silage. Effluent production was higher for silage shelled coffee pulp and do not get any production in silage with 60% coffee hull. There was no significant difference in vitro digestibility of dry matter among treatments. The coffee hulls was effective in increasing DM content of CoP silage and to reduce NDF, ADF, N-NH3, providing nutritional value of silage satisfactory for cattle feed, creating an alternative for recovery of such waste. When considering the DM content found in silages, the amount of bark best coffee to be added to coffee pulp for the production of silage is between 30% and 35%.

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RESUMO

ABSTRACT Papaya Carica papaya (L.) is affected by various phytosanitary problems, and the mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a key pest. The use of entomopathogenic fungi is an alternative to the use of pesticides, lowering the risk of resistance while reducing the the load of toxic substances in the environment. This study was conducted to determine whether the different cultivars of papaya interfere with the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana. Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium longisporum. The bioas say was carried out using adult T. urticae females maintained for at least one generation on leaves of four papaya cultivars (Calimosa, Golden, Sunrise, Tainung 01) or on jack bean leaves (control). Ten females were transferred to Petri dishes with leaf disks of the origin cultivars and jack beans. The mites were then sprayed with a 5 x 107 conidia.mL-1 suspension in a Potter Tower. Conidial suspensions were prepared from the commercial formulations Boveril® B. bassiana, Metarril® M. anisopliae, and Vertirril® L. longisporum. The corrected and confirmed mortalities were evaluated. Differences were observed (Tukey, P 0.05) among the papaya cultivars in terms of the T. urticae pathogenic response. On the 3rd day after spraying (DAS), a better efficiency in mortality percentage was observed for the Vertirril® formulation applied to the Calimosa, Golden and Sunrise cultivars, and for Metarril® applied to the Tainung 01cultivar. On the 5th DAS, the efficiencies among the cultivars were very close.

RESUMO O mamoeiro Carica papaya (L.) é acometido por diversos problemas fitossanitários, sendo o ácaro Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) uma das pragas-chave. A utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos é uma alternativa ao controle por agrotóxicos, reduzindo os riscos de resistência e também a carga de substâncias tóxicas ao ambiente. Este trabalho foi realizado para verificar se as diferentes cultivares de mamoeiro interferem na patogenicidade de Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae e Lecanicillium longisporum. No bioensaio foram utilizadas fêmeas adultas de T. urticae mantidas por pelo menos uma geração sobre folhas de quatro cultivares de mamão, Calimosa, Golden, Sunrise e Tainung 01, e também de uma testemunha de feijão-de-porco. Foram então transferidas dez fêmeas para placas de Petri com discos de folhas das respectivas cultivares de origem e de feijão-de-porco. Em seguida, os ácaros foram pulverizados com suspensões 5 x 107 conídios.mL-1 em Torre de Potter. As suspensões de conídios foram preparadas a partir das formulações comerciais: Boveril® B. bassiana; Metarril® M. anisopliae; Vertirril® L. longisporum. Foi avaliada a mortalidade corrigida e confirmada. Foram observadas diferenças (Tukey, P 0,05) entre as cultivares na resposta patogênica de T. urticae. Para o 3° DAP, uma melhor eficiência em porcentagem de mortalidade foi observada para o formulado Vertirril® aplicado nas cultivares Calimosa, Golden e Sunrise, e para Metarril® na cultivar Tainung 01. Para o 5° DAP, as eficiências entre as cultivares foram muito próximas.

RESUMO

O mamoeiro Carica papaya (L.) é acometido por diversos problemas fitossanitários, sendo o ácaro Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) uma das pragas-chave. A utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos é uma alternativa ao controle por agrotóxicos, reduzindo os riscos de resistência e também a carga de substâncias tóxicas ao ambiente. Este trabalho foi realizado para verificar se as diferentes cultivares de mamoeiro interferem na patogenicidade de Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae e Lecanicillium longisporum. No bioensaio foram utilizadas fêmeas adultas de T. urticae mantidas por pelo menos uma geração sobre folhas de quatro cultivares de mamão, Calimosa, Golden, Sunrise e Tainung 01, e também de uma testemunha de feijão-de-porco. Foram então transferidas dez fêmeas para placas de Petri com discos de folhas das respectivas cultivares de origem e de feijão-de-porco. Em seguida, os ácaros foram pulverizados com suspensões 5 x 107 conídios.mL-1 em Torre de Potter. As suspensões de conídios foram preparadas a partir das formulações comerciais: Boveril® B. bassiana; Metarril® M. anisopliae; Vertirril® L. longisporum. Foi avaliada a mortalidade corrigida e confirmada. Foram observadas diferenças (Tukey, P < 0,05) entre as cultivares na resposta patogênica de T. urticae. Para o 3° DAP, uma melhor eficiência em porcentagem de mortalidade foi observada para o formulado Vertirril® aplicado nas cultivares Calimosa, Golden e Sunrise, e para Metarril® na cultivar Tainung 01. Para o 5° DAP, as eficiências entre as cultivares foram muito próximas.

Papaya Carica papaya (L.) is affected by various phytosanitary problems, and the mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a key pest. The use of entomopathogenic fungi is an alternative to the use of pesticides, lowering the risk of resistance while reducing the the load of toxic substances in the environment. This study was conducted to determine whether the different cultivars of papaya interfere with the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana. Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium longisporum. The bioas say was carried out using adult T. urticae females maintained for at least one generation on leaves of four papaya cultivars (Calimosa, Golden, Sunrise, Tainung 01) or on jack bean leaves (control). Ten females were transferred to Petri dishes with leaf disks of the origin cultivars and jack beans. The mites were then sprayed with a 5 x 107 conidia.mL-1 suspension in a Potter Tower. Conidial suspensions were prepared from the commercial formulations Boveril® B. bassiana, Metarril® M. anisopliae, and Vertirril® L. longisporum. The corrected and confirmed mortalities were evaluated. Differences were observed (Tukey, P < 0.05) among the papaya cultivars in terms of the T. urticae pathogenic response. On the 3rd day after spraying (DAS), a better efficiency in mortality percentage was observed for the Vertirril® formulation applied to the Calimosa, Golden and Sunrise cultivars, and for Metarril® applied to the Tainung 01cultivar. On the 5th DAS, the efficiencies among the cultivars were very close.

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O parasitoide Lixophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) ocorreu em lagartas de Diaphania nitidalis (Cramer, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em plantio comercial de abóbora no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Não há registro de Lixophaga sp. parasitando Diaphania sp. na América do Sul e mesmo os registros para hospedeiros deste gênero são poucos. A caracterização morfológica dos adultos foi feita no Departamento e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Das lagartas coletadas em campo, 26,2% estavam parasitadas, obtendo-se uma média de 2,2 pupas por lagarta e viabilidade de 14,3%. Esse parasitoide mostrou ter potencial para o controle de D. nitidalis.

The parasitoid Lixophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) occurred in larvae of Diaphania nitidalis (Cramer, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in a commercial pumpkin plantation in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. This is the first report of Lixophaga sp. parasitizing Diaphania sp. in the South America, and there are few reports concerning hosts of this genus. The morphologic characterization of the adults was made at the Department of Zoology, Institute of Bioscience, of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the larvae collected in the field, 26.2% were parasitized, with an average of 2.2 pupae per larva and a viability of 14.3%. This parasitoid presented potential for the control of D. nitidalis.

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ABSTRACT The parasitoid Lixophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) occurred in larvae of Diaphania nitidalis (Cramer, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in a commercial pumpkin plantation in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. This is the first report of Lixophaga sp. parasitizing Diaphania sp. in the South America, and there are few reports concerning hosts of this genus. The morphologic characterization of the adults was made at the Department of Zoology, Institute of Bioscience, of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the larvae collected in the field, 26.2% were parasitized, with an average of 2.2 pupae per larva and a viability of 14.3%. This parasitoid presented potential for the control of D. nitidalis.

RESUMO O parasitoide Lixophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) ocorreu em lagartas de Diaphania nitidalis (Cramer, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em plantio comercial de abóbora no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Não há registro de Lixophaga sp. parasitando Diaphania sp. na América do Sul e mesmo os registros para hospedeiros deste gênero são poucos. A caracterização morfológica dos adultos foi feita no Departamento e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Das lagartas coletadas em campo, 26,2% estavam parasitadas, obtendo-se uma média de 2,2 pupas por lagarta e viabilidade de 14,3%. Esse parasitoide mostrou ter potencial para o controle de D. nitidalis.

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The authors present a case of periapical cemental dysplasia affecting the mandibular left canine, with vital pulp, in a 43-year-old black female patient, an occurrence that follows the classical cases found in the literature. The need of a careful history, clinical and radiographic exams and vitality tests are emphasized in order to reach the correct diagnosis of this disease.

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Presently, urinary diversion with continence mechanisms based on the Mitrofanoff principle is frequently used. For its construction, the critical issue is related to the choice of efferent conduit; the most widely used are the appendix and the tapered ileum. Here, we present two alternative techniques for construction of tubes applicable to the same function. Ten dogs underwent operations with two different types of tubes constructed through transversal tubularization of small segments of ileum. These tubes were implanted in the bladder. The dogs were followed up for 30 days, during which all were continent. Their tubes were easily catheterized. The techniques described met the criteria defined for an efferent tube to be used according to the Mitrofanoff principle.

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Inumeros estimulos psiquicos, sensitivos ou sensoriais podem desencadear crises epilepticas. Uma forma rara de epilepsia reflexa e aquela desencadeada pela leitura Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente com 22 anos de idade que apresentava varias crises epilepticas, clinicas e eletrograficas iniciadas por mioclonias da mandibula, que se seguiram de crise convulsiva generalizada, tonico-clonica. As crises ocorriam mais na epoca menstrual, e o conteudo emocional do que estava sendo lido tinha importancia no aparecimento das manifestacoes epilepticas

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Os autores apresentam os resultados da cirurgia de Badenoch (telescopagem) para correcao do estreitamento ou rutura da uretra posterior em 22 casos

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