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Introduction Videos can become valuable teaching tools and YouTube is a useful tool to disseminate information. It was created in February, 2005; since then, there has been a rapid expansion of YouTube videos on several subjects. Neurosurgery is not an exception in this trend, and several channels on the topic are available at the YouTube website. Methods We analyzed many articles related to the theme in several medicine specialties. In this study, we balance the pros and cons of this new technology, to foster a discussion of these changes, as well as to explain how to create and get the most fromit. We also list some interesting channels and their features as examples and suggestions. Results YouTube should be the main platform for supporting instructional videos, although it is important to be cautious at this time, as the platform still lacks good quality videos. Conclusion This technology could turn into a very important tool for learning and teaching neurosurgery. Educational institutions should guide an effort for better quality videos and broader content coverage, which could also achieve superior training at no cost.
Introdução Vídeos podem tornar-se ferramentas de ensino valiosas e o YouTube é uma plataforma muito útil para a disseminação da informação. Desde sua criação em fevereiro de 2005, houve grande expansão na quantidade dos vídeos de vários conteúdos e a neurocirurgia não está fora dessa onda, muitos canais relacionados podem ser encontrados no YouTube. Métodos Analisamos artigos relacionados ao tema em várias especialidades médicas. Balanceamos prós e contras dessa nova tecnologia, estimulamos a discussão dessas mudanças e ainda explicamos como criar e ter máximo proveito. Alguns canais interessantes são também listas como exemplos e sugestões. Resultados O YouTube deve ser a principal plataforma para vídeos instrucionais, mas nesse momento o conteúdo deve ser tomado com cuidado, uma vez que há ainda escassez de vídeos de boa qualidade. Conclusão Essa tecnologia pode tornar-se importante ferramenta na aprendizagem e ensino da neurocirurgia. Um esforço para vídeos de boa qualidade e maior abrangência de conteúdo deveria ser guiado por instituições de ensino, que também podem conseguir treinamentos melhores e mais baratos.
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Multimídia , Mídias Sociais , Neurocirurgia/educaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The use of dural grafts is very useful when primary dural closure cannot be achieved. Our primary objective was to study the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, including fistula and pseudomeningocele, and postoperative infection by comparing autologous material and a new collagen graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective nonrandomized study with a new collagen-based product derived from porcine cells (Peridry) was performed. It was used for dural replacement in 50 patients who underwent a variety of neurosurgical procedures requiring the use of a dural graft. These results were compared with a control group of 50 patients who were treated with autologous duraplasty material. The follow-up period was 3 months. RESULTS: Postoperative overall cerebrospinal fluid fistula occurred in 6% of both groups. No patient in the collagen group developed any sort of infection. One patient in the control developed osteomyelitis in the bone flap. CONCLUSION: The new collagen-based product derived from porcine cells (Peridry), compared with an autologous tissue, is safe, effective, easy to use, as well as time saving in cranial neurosurgery.
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Curativos Biológicos , Rinorreia de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/prevenção & controle , Craniotomia/instrumentação , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/instrumentação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Tampões de Gaze Cirúrgicos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Antígenos/química , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Vazamento de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colágeno/química , Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Dura-Máter/transplante , Feminino , Fístula/epidemiologia , Liofilização , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Meningocele/prevenção & controle , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteomielite/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/patologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Suínos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Blogs are useful tools to research and to disseminate information. As they allow people who do not have specific knowledge on the building of sites to post content on the internet, they turned out to be very popular. In the past years, there has been a rapid expansion of blogs on several subjects and nowadays there are over 156 million blogs online. Neurosurgery was not out of this wave, and several blogs related to it can be found on the internet. The objective of this paper is to describe, in general, the functions of a blog and to provide initial guidance for the creation and the adequate use of neurosurgical blogs. Some interesting blogs and their features are also listed as examples.
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BACKGROUND: Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare entity characterized by a focal lesion that affects the leptomeninges and the cerebral cortex. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a case of a 32-year-old man diagnosed with MA not associated with hamartomatous lesions or with type 2 neurofibromatosis. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed an extensive parieto-occipital lesion and another right frontal lesion, initially suggestive of encephalitis. A biopsy of the meninges and brain was performed via a right parieto-occipital craniotomy. The histopathologic diagnosis, complemented by immunohistochemical studies, was MA. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of MA is very difficult based only on images, therefore lesions compromising the brain cortex, associated or not with calcifications, should be further examined through biopsy so as to have a precise diagnosis.
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Clinical symptoms and radiologic characteristics of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) are non-specific and the condition may be confused with other central nervous system diseases. We report three patients with GC; all the three patients had involvement of more than three lobes and the deep white matter, as well as bilateral involvement. Differentiation of GC from other neurologic diseases involving diffuse white matter may be difficult. However, the diagnosis can be based on the combination of radiologic and histopathologic features.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliomatosas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the causes of early shunt complications in 46 children with hydrocephalus. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 46 children submitted to ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery between February 2005 and February 2007. RESULTS: Thirteen (28%) patients presented complications, which were due to infection in 9 (69%) and to malfunction of the shunt system in 4 (31%).The mean number of surgical procedures performed on patients who presented complications was 2.8 per patient, with a total of 46 surgeries in this group. All patients with infectious complications were identified during their hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Infection was the most common complication. The infection rate was proportional to the length of hospital stay. All patients with hydrocephalus due to tumors or myelomeningocele presented complications. A higher incidence of infections was observed in children older than 2 years.
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Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the causes of early shunt complications in 46 children with hydrocephalus. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 46 children submitted to ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery between February 2005 and February 2007. RESULTS: Thirteen (28 percent) patients presented complications, which were due to infection in 9 (69 percent) and to malfunction of the shunt system in 4 (31 percent).The mean number of surgical procedures performed on patients who presented complications was 2.8 per patient, with a total of 46 surgeries in this group. All patients with infectious complications were identified during their hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Infection was the most common complication. The infection rate was proportional to the length of hospital stay. All patients with hydrocephalus due to tumors or myelomeningocele presented complications. A higher incidence of infections was observed in children older than 2 years.
OBJETIVO: Determinar e as causas das complicações precoces nas válvulas de hidrocefalia de 46 crianças. MÉTODO: Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado com 46 crianças submetidas a colocação de válvula de hidrocefalia no período de fevereiro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2007. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos 13 (28 por cento) pacientes com complicações sendo 9 (69 por cento) causadas por infecção e 4 (31 por cento) por mal funcionamento da válvula de hidrocefalia. A média de procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados nos pacientes com complicações foi de 2,8 por paciente, sendo o total de 46 cirurgias neste grupo. Todos os pacientes com complicações infecciosas foram detectados durante a internação hospitalar. CONCLUSÕES: Infecção foi a complicação mais comum. O índice de infecção foi proporcional ao tempo de permanência hospitalar. Todos os pacientes portadores de hidrocefalia secundária a tumores ou mielomeningocele complicaram. As crianças maiores de 2 anos de idade tiveram maior incidência de infecções.
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Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The sickle cell disease has different neurologic complications, including cerebral aneurysms. This disease may lead to endothelial damage, which favors the development of cerebral aneurysms. Only a few cases demonstrated by cerebral angiography or surgery have been reported in the English literature referring to cerebral aneurysms in sickle cell patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report 2 patients with sickle cell disease whose cerebral aneurysms were successfully treated by open surgery. CONCLUSION: Sickle cell patients have a high occurrence of multiple aneurysms, and a high prevalence of posterior circulation aneurysms. This must be interpreted with caution, and further studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/etiologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Adulto , Angiografia Cerebral , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A rare case of an epidermoid intramedullary spinal cord tumor, extending from the second to the fourth thoracic vertebra is reported, in a 15 years old girl, surgically treated successfully. The clinical feature, the ethiopatogeny and a literature review will be discussed.
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Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/cirurgia , Adolescente , Cisto Epidérmico/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doenças da Medula Espinal/etiologiaRESUMO
É relatado um caso raro de tumor epidermóide intramedular, estendendo-se entre os níveis da segunda e quarta vértebras torácicas, em uma paciente de 15 anos do sexo feminino, tratado cirurgicamente com sucesso. Säo discutidos o quadro clínico e a etiopatogenia e é feita breve revisäo da literatura