RESUMO
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are considered public health problem characterized by neural loss causing cognitive and behavioral impairments. It is currently possible to use drugs capable of controlling the symptoms caused by these diseases. However, treatment is not able to prevent neural loss. In addition, poor solubility, low bioavailability due to the inability for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are described as the main limitations of the treatment. Nanotechnology involves the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems and they have been employed to optimize therapeutics face to several diseases treatment. In light of this, this review describes the highlights on the fabrication of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems emphasizing mesoporous silica, gold and silver nanoparticles (MSNs, AuNPs and AgNPs, respectively) and their biological behavior for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson diseases (ADs and PDs, respectively).
Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Ouro/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/tratamento farmacológico , Porosidade , Dióxido de Silício/uso terapêutico , PrataRESUMO
The natural isomers of resveratrol, cis- and trans-resveratrol, are natural phenolic substances synthetized via the shikimate pathway and found in many sources, including grapes, peanuts, blackberries, pistachios, cacao, cranberries, and jackfruits. They have functional and pharmacological properties such as anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective activities. The aim of this article is to review the data published on resveratrol and its isomers, and their biosynthesis in plants, food sources, health and toxic effects, and the excretion of their metabolites. Due to its contribution to the promotion of human health, it is convenient to gather more knowledge about its functional properties, food sources, and the interactions with the human body during the processes of eating, digestion, absorption, biotransformation, and excretion, to combine this information to improve the understanding of these substances.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Alimentos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Plantas/metabolismo , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Disponibilidade Biológica , Biotransformação , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacocinética , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/toxicidade , Vias de Eliminação de Fármacos , Absorção Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacocinética , Hipoglicemiantes/toxicidade , Isomerismo , Resveratrol/metabolismo , Resveratrol/farmacocinética , Resveratrol/toxicidadeRESUMO
Urban parks are areas designated for human recreation but also serve as shelter and refuge for populations of several species of native fauna, both migratory and introduced. In Brazil, the effect of annual climate variations on Aedes aegypti and dengue epidemics in large cities like São Paulo is well known, but little is known about how such variations can affect the diversity of mosquito vectors in urban parks and the risk of disease transmission by these vectors. This study investigates the influence of larval habitats and seasonal factors on the diversity and abundance of Culicidae fauna in Anhanguera Park, one of the largest remaining green areas in the city of São Paulo. Species composition and richness and larval habitats were identified. Seasonality (cold-dry and hot-rainy periods) and year were considered as explanatory variables and the models selection approach was developed to investigate the relationship of these variables with mosquito diversity and abundance. A total of 11,036 specimens from 57 taxa distributed in 13 genera were collected. Culex nigripalpus, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus were the most abundant species. Bamboo internodes and artificial breeding sites showed higher abundance, while ponds and puddles showed greater richness. Significant relationships were observed between abundance and seasonality, with a notable increase in the mosquitos abundance in the warm-rainy periods. The Shannon and Berger-Parker indices were related with interaction between seasonality and year, however separately these predictors showed no relationship with ones. The increased abundance of mosquitoes in warm-rainy months and the fact that some of the species are epidemiologically important increase not only the risk of pathogen transmission to people who frequent urban parks but also the nuisance represented by insect bites. The findings of this study highlight the importance of knowledge of culicid ecology in green areas in urban environments.