RESUMO

Os primatas não-humanos (PNHs) são tidos como importantes modelos para estudos biomédicos devido à sua grande similaridade biológica com os seres humanos. As técnicas de reprodução assistida (TRAs) constituem uma importante ferramenta para realização de estudos que envolvam infertilidade, desenvolvimento de contraceptivos, gestação e desenvolvimento fetal, preservação da fertilidade em pacientes com câncer, geração de modelos experimentais por meio de técnicas de edição gênica, entre outros. O objetivo dessa revisão é discutir as principais TRAs utilizadas em PNHs e suas aplicações. Dentre as técnicas mais utilizadas em PNHs, podem-se citar colheita e criopreservação de sêmen, monitoramento do ciclo ovariano, estimulação ovariana controlada e aspiração de folículos ovarianos, fecundação in vitro, injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides, inseminação artificial, microinjeção para injeção gênica, biopsia embrionária, criopreservação de embriões, transferência de embriões, diagnóstico de gestação, enxerto de gônadas e clonagem. Os estudos apresentados nesta revisão mostram a evolução das TRAs e suas diferentes aplicações. Particularmente, os estudos de edição gênica e clonagem representam um grande avanço na utilização combinada de diversas TRAs para geração de modelos biomédicos para doenças humanas, demostrando o papel dessas técnicas para avanços científicos no que diz respeito à saúde humana.

Nonhuman Primates (NHPs) are considered important models for biomedical studies due to their high biological proximity with humans. The Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) represent an important tool to perform studies related to infertility, development of contraceptives, gestation and fetal development, fertility preservation in cancer patients, generation of experimental models through gene editing techniques, among others. The objective of this review is to discuss the main ARTs used in NHPs and their application. Among the most used techniques in NHPs, we can include collection and cryopreservation of semen, ovarian cycle monitoring, controlled ovarian stimulation and follicle aspiration, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, artificial insemination, microinjections for gene editing, embryo biopsy, embryo cryopreservation, embryo transfer, pregnancy diagnosis, grafting of gonadal tissue, and cloning. The studies cited in this review illustrate the evolution of the ARTs and their applications. The gene editing and cloning studies, in particular, represent the great advancements on the combined use of several different ARTs for the generation of biomedical models for human diseases, demonstrating the role of these techniques in the scientific advancement with regards to human health.

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RESUMO

Research on Neotropical primates' reproduction is necessary due to the lack of available information and the increasing threat to these species. Callimico goeldii is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This study aimed to test rectal electrostimulation for semen collection and evaluate seminal characteristics. Therefore, semen from 6 captive Goeldi's monkeys was collected and, for the first time, seminal characteristics are described. Coagulum formation was noted in all ejaculates, and we obtained partial or complete liquefaction of the samples. Results were (means ± SD): volume = 26.9 ± 11.87 µL; pH = 7.61 ± 0.28; concentration = 143.18 ± 174.96 × 106 spermatozoa/mL; total sperm motility = 83.33 ± 5.16%; linear progressive motility = 46 ± 24.08%; plasma membrane integrity = 36.38 ± 16.11%; acrosome integrity using fast-green/bengal-rose staining = 63.41 ± 11.72%, and kit Spermac® = 69.36 ± 11.81%; abnormal sperm = 72.5 ± 17.7%, with 16.2 ± 7.7% major defects and 56.3 ± 10% minor defects; sperm with high mitochondrial activity class I = 16.45 ± 22.25%. Rectal electrostimulation was an efficient method for semen collection in this species. Investigations are required to improve semen collection and handling, including cryopreservation methods.

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