RESUMO
The transplacental transmission of parasites and hemoparasites is crucial for understanding the epidemiology of diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hemopathogens in bovine fetuses at various gestational periods. Samples were obtained from a slaughterhouse in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and a total of 236 fetuses were collected. DNA extracted from blood samples (145) and organ samples (a pool of brain and spleen) (236) underwent a nested PCR (nPCR) assay to detect Babesia spp., Theileria spp., Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia minasensis, and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. Additionally, serological analysis of 145 plasma samples was conducted using the indirect fluorescent antibody test-IFAT to detect IgG against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, A. marginale, and Trypanosoma vivax. The observed prevalence of transplacental transmission was 19.3 %, 6.2 %, 42.7 % and 2.7 %, for A. marginale, B. bigemina, 'Candidatus M. haemobos', and Mycoplasma wenyonii, respectively. The prevalence of A. marginale by gestational trimester was 16 % (13/81) in the second trimester and 23 % (14/60) in the third trimester, with no positive samples in the first trimester. Regarding the species B. bovis and B. bigemina, all evaluated animals tested negative by nPCR, and no serological evidence for B. bovis was found by the IFAT. Babesia bigemina demonstrated an overall seroprevalence of 6.2 % (9/145), with 4.8 % (7/145) in the last trimester and 1.3 % (2/145) in the second trimester of pregnancy. In total, 42.7 % (62/145) of blood samples were positive for 'Candidatus M. haemobos', with 42 % (34/81) in the middle trimester, and 43 % (26/60) in the final trimester of pregnancy. Mycoplasma wenyonni was detected in 2.7 % (4/145) blood samples, all in coinfection with 'C. M. haemobos'. The prevalence by pregnancy trimester was 25 % (1/4) in the first trimester; 1.2 % (1/81) in the second trimester and 3.3 % (2/60) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hemopathogen DNA was detected in fetus blood samples but not the brain or spleen samples. All the samples were negative for T. vivax, Theileria spp., Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. Overall, in this study, approximately 70 % of fetuses were positive for one or more of the studied parasites. No significant associations were observed between pairs of pathogens, except 'C. M. haemobos' and A. marginale.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Mycoplasma , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Feminino , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Mycoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Gravidez , Prevalência , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Feto/microbiologia , Feto/parasitologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Theileria/isolamento & purificação , Trypanosoma vivax/isolamento & purificação , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Babesiose/parasitologia , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Ehrlichia/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Babesiose , Vacinas Antirrickéttsia/administração & dosagem , Babesia bovis , AnaplasmoseRESUMO
A claudicação é considerada uma das três ocorrências mais comuns na bovinocultura de leite, juntamente com a mastite e os problemas reprodutivos. A claudicação é um sinal de dor, o que indica prejuízo ao bem- -estar animal, além de redução na produção de leite, aumento da chance de descarte precoce e piora do desempenho reprodutivo. De acordo com Silva et al. (2006), as afecções relacionadas ao sistema locomotor são a segunda maior causa de descarte de um rebanho bovino (18,5%), ficando atrás apenas dos problemas reprodutivos (27,7%). Apesar dos avanços no conhecimento das práticas de controle e tratamento da claudicação, sua frequência não diminuiu ao longo do tempo e, embora improvável, aparentemente está aumentando e hoje atinge prevalência inaceitável. No Brasil, a situação não é diferente e a incidência de claudicação é preocupante. Ferreira (2003) avaliou uma propriedade de sistema free-stall em um período de um ano e descreveu que a incidência de animais claudicantes foi de 122%, ou seja, alguns animais tiveram mais de um caso de claudicação durante o período. Já Costa et al. (2018), ao avaliarem a prevalência de claudicação em rebanhos alojados em sistema de free- -stall, compost barn e sistema de free-stall + compost barn, localizados no estado do Paraná, relatou que, de forma geral, a prevalência de claudicação foi de 42,5%. Estudos em rebanhos de bovinos de leite a pasto em Minas Gerais e no Paraná mostram prevalência não menos preocupantes, variando de 5 a 76% nos rebanhos estudados. Essas dificuldades enfrentadas evidenciam a necessidade de que, para conseguir melhorar a saúde do casco, também são necessárias pesquisas que trabalhem fatores socioeconômicos, entendendo a realidade e as dificuldades que os produtores enfrentam para controlar as doenças podais. Para que se possa realizar qualquer mudança no intuito de diminuir as afecções podais, é preciso uma motivação de todos os envolvidos nesse sentido e o conhecimento dos entraves que podem impedir a progressão do problema.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Casco e Garras/diagnóstico por imagem , Claudicação Intermitente/históriaRESUMO
Several direct or indirect methods can be used to assess immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in calves, which evaluates the transfer of passive immunity (TPI). Radial immunodiffusion (RID) is the gold standard method to measure serum IgG in bovines. Previous studies have shown that colostrum provides several molecules in addition to immunoglobulins, which play an important role in the passive immunity of the calf. However, no studies have yet determined the level of interference of these components in the immunity, health and survival of calves. In this sense, the objective of this study is to review the methods of evaluation available for the laboratory and field diagnosis of TPI in calves and discuss the main aspects of each technique. Several methods available for TPI evaluation in calves may provide insights into the various components of colostrum involved in passive immunity.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the energy partition of pregnant F1 Holstein x Gyr with average initial body weight (BW) of 515.6 kg and Gyr cows with average initial BW of 435.1 kg at 180, 210 and 240 days of gestation, obtained using respirometry. Twelve animals in two groups (six per genetic group) received a restricted diet equivalent to 1.3 times the net energy for maintenance (NEm). The proportion of gross energy intake (GEI) lost as feces did not differ between the evaluated breeds and corresponded to 28.65% on average. The daily methane production (L/d) was greater for (P<0.05) F1 HxG compared to Gyr animals. However, when expressed as L/kg dry matter (DM) or as percentage of GEI there were no differences between the groups (P>0.05). The daily loss of energy as urine (mean of 1.42 Mcal/d) did not differ (P>0.05) between groups and ranged from 3.87 to 5.35% of the GEI. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of F1 HxG animals was greater (P < 0.05) at all gestational stages compared to Gyr cows when expressed in Mcal/d. However, when expressed in kcal/kg of metabolic BW (BW0,75), the F1 HxG cows had MEI 11% greater (P<0.05) at 240 days of gestation and averaged 194.39 kcal/kg of BW0,75. Gyr cows showed no change in MEI over time (P>0.05), with a mean of 146.66 kcal/kg BW0. 75. The ME used by the conceptus was calculated by deducting the metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) from the MEI, which was obtained in a previous study using the same cows prior to becoming pregnant. The values of NEm obtained in the previous study with similar non-pregnant cows were 92.02 kcal/kg BW0.75 for F1 HxG, and 76.83 kcal/kg BW0.75 for Gyr (P = 0.06). The average ME for pregnancy (MEp) was 5.33 Mcal/d for F1 HxG and 4.46 Mcal/d for Gyr. The metabolizability ratio, averaging 0.60, was similar among the evaluated groups (P>0.05). The ME / Digestible Energy (DE) ratio differed between groups and periods evaluated (P<0.05) with a mean of 0.84. The heat increment (HI) accounted for 22.74% and 24.38% of the GEI for F1 HxG and Gyr cows, respectively. The proportion of GEI used in the basal metabolism by pregnant cows in this study represented 29.69%. However, there were no differences between the breeds and the evaluation periods and corresponded to 29.69%. The mean NE for pregnancy (NEp) was 2.76 Mcal/d and did not differ between groups and gestational stages (P>0.05).
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Metano/análise , Animais , Composição Corporal , Peso Corporal , Bovinos , Ingestão de Energia , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hibridização Genética , GravidezRESUMO
The present study aimed to describe and characterize a nosocomial outbreak caused by a multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in hospitalized calves at a veterinary medical teaching hospital from Brazil. Sixty-three (96.9%) calves showed lethargy, hyperthermia and profuse diarrhea and despite treatment, 26 (41.2%) animals died. Five animals were necropsied and stool samples of six calves were collected. The isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc-difusion method and were fingerprinted by ERIC-PCR. Macroscopic lesions suggestive of salmonellosis, such as fibrinonecrotic enteritis and hepatosplenomegaly were observed. Salmonellosis was confirmed by isolation of S. Typhimurium from stool samples and organs from seven affected animals. Six out of seven isolates of S. Typhimurium, exhibited 100% of similarity at ERIC-PCR, suggesting occurrence of nosocomial transmission of S. Typhimurium among the hospitalized calves. All but one S. Typhimurium isolated were resistant to marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, antimicrobial agents largely used for humans and animal treatment. This is the first study of a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium in a veterinary hospital in Brazil and highlighted the need for preventive measures to reduce the risks for inpatients and humans in contact with animals.(AU)
O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever e caracterizar um surto nosocomial provocado por S. Typhimurium multirresistente em bezerros hospitalizados em um hospital escola de medicina veteriária localizado no Brasil. Sessenta e três (96,9%) bezerros apresentaram letargia, hipertermia e diarreia profusa e, apesar do tratamento, vinte e seis animais (41,2%) morreram. Cinco animais foram necropsiados e amostras fecais de seis bezerros foram coletadas. As estirpes isoladas foram submetidas a testes de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos pelo método de disco-difusão e foram genotipadas pelo ERIC-PCR. Lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de salmonelose, como enterite fibrinonecrótica e hepatoesplenomegalia, foram observadas. Salmonelose foi confirmada pelo isolamento de S. Typhimurium em amostras fecais e órgãos de sete animais. Dos sete isolados, seis apresentaram 100% de similaridade ao ERIC-PCR, sugerindo ocorrẽncia de transmissão nosocomial de S. Typhimurium entre os bezerros hospitalizados. Com excessão de uma estirpe, todas foram resistentes a marbofloxacina, enrofloxacina, florfenicol, oxitetraciclina e trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol, agentes antimicrobianos amplamente utilizados para o tratamento humano e animal. Esse é o primeiro estudo que demonstra um surto nosocomial de estirpes de S. Typhimurium resistentes a múltiplas drogas em um hospital veterinário no Brasil, enfatizando a necessidade de medidas preventivas que reduzam os riscos aos animais hospitalizados e a pessoas que entrarem em contato com esses animais.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Salmonella typhimurium , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecção Hospitalar/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Hospitais VeterináriosRESUMO
Monofluoroacetate (MFA) is considered one of the most toxic substances known. It is found naturally in plants, and causes sudden death syndrome in ruminants. Due to hyperacute evolution of poisoning and the absence of effective treatment, induction of resistance in animals might be the best tool to control MFA poisoning in ruminants. The objective of this study was to promote resistance in cattle against the toxic effects of MFA through its degradation by the ruminal microbiota after the administration of sodium trifluoroacetate (TFA). Ten calves were distributed into two groups: control group (nâ¯=â¯3) and treated group (nâ¯=â¯7). The calves in the treated group received 0.1â¯mg/kg live weight of TFA, whereas, those in the control group received water; both for 28 consecutive days. The calves were subjected to daily clinical evaluation and weekly blood biochemical determination to identify any signs of poisoning. After 28â¯d of administration of TFA or water, 2.0â¯g/kg body weight of Palicourea marcgravii leaves (containing 0.15% MFA) were administered using a stomach tube to determine the occurrence of resistance. The administration of TFA did not induce any clinical or biochemical changes in blood. The administration of P. marcgravii induced clinical changes in the calves of control group, but there was no change in the calves of the treated group. In conclusion, the administration of TFA to cattle can induce effective resistance against MFA poisoning.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/induzido quimicamente , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Rubiaceae/toxicidade , Ácido Trifluoracético/administração & dosagem , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Fluoracetatos/toxicidade , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Plantas/prevenção & controle , Rúmen/microbiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to describe and characterize a nosocomial outbreak caused by a multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in hospitalized calves at a veterinary medical teaching hospital from Brazil. Sixty-three (96.9%) calves showed lethargy, hyperthermia and profuse diarrhea and despite treatment, 26 (41.2%) animals died. Five animals were necropsied and stool samples of six calves were collected. The isolated strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc-difusion method and were fingerprinted by ERIC-PCR. Macroscopic lesions suggestive of salmonellosis, such as fibrinonecrotic enteritis and hepatosplenomegaly were observed. Salmonellosis was confirmed by isolation of S. Typhimurium from stool samples and organs from seven affected animals. Six out of seven isolates of S. Typhimurium, exhibited 100% of similarity at ERIC-PCR, suggesting occurrence of nosocomial transmission of S. Typhimurium among the hospitalized calves. All but one S. Typhimurium isolated were resistant to marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, antimicrobial agents largely used for humans and animal treatment. This is the first study of a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium in a veterinary hospital in Brazil and highlighted the need for preventive measures to reduce the risks for inpatients and humans in contact with animals.
RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever e caracterizar um surto nosocomial provocado por S. Typhimurium multirresistente em bezerros hospitalizados em um hospital escola de medicina veteriária localizado no Brasil. Sessenta e três (96,9%) bezerros apresentaram letargia, hipertermia e diarreia profusa e, apesar do tratamento, vinte e seis animais (41,2%) morreram. Cinco animais foram necropsiados e amostras fecais de seis bezerros foram coletadas. As estirpes isoladas foram submetidas a testes de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos pelo método de disco-difusão e foram genotipadas pelo ERIC-PCR. Lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de salmonelose, como enterite fibrinonecrótica e hepatoesplenomegalia, foram observadas. Salmonelose foi confirmada pelo isolamento de S. Typhimurium em amostras fecais e órgãos de sete animais. Dos sete isolados, seis apresentaram 100% de similaridade ao ERIC-PCR, sugerindo ocorrẽncia de transmissão nosocomial de S. Typhimurium entre os bezerros hospitalizados. Com excessão de uma estirpe, todas foram resistentes a marbofloxacina, enrofloxacina, florfenicol, oxitetraciclina e trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol, agentes antimicrobianos amplamente utilizados para o tratamento humano e animal. Esse é o primeiro estudo que demonstra um surto nosocomial de estirpes de S. Typhimurium resistentes a múltiplas drogas em um hospital veterinário no Brasil, enfatizando a necessidade de medidas preventivas que reduzam os riscos aos animais hospitalizados e a pessoas que entrarem em contato com esses animais.
RESUMO
Crossbreed F1 Holstein x Gyr cows are proving to be a good alternative for milk production under tropical conditions. In order to contribute to that affirmative, our work focused on clarifying the metabolic patter of F1 Holstein x Gyr dairy cows during the most critical time in the lactation cycle, the transition period, and to compare their performance in two seasons. Blood sampling was performed on 15 cows during summer (January to April) and on 13 cows during winter (May to August), beginning three weeks before the estimated calving date, until 30 days relative to calving. The season had a great influence on the metabolic status. Almost all evaluated metabolites, with exception for aminotransferase (AST), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), that have shown no variation among seasons, demonstrated a different patter between summer and winter. Liver functions were enhanced during the postpartum, with increased liver enzymes activity and increased concentration of cholesterol and BHB. Animals went through negative energy balance (NEB) and an alarming number of animals had experienced subclinical ketosis and high NEFA concentrations.(AU)
Vacas mestiças F1 Holandês x Gir estão provando ser uma boa alternativa para a produção de leite em condições tropicais. A fim de contribuir para essa afirmativa, o nosso trabalho se concentrou em esclarecer e avaliar o perfil metabólico de vacas F1 Holandês x Gir durante o período mais crítico do ciclo de lactação, o período de transição, e comparar seu desempenho em duas épocas do ano. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue em 15 vacas durante o verão (janeiro a abril) e em 13 vacas durante o inverno (maio a agosto), começando três semanas antes da data prevista para o parto até 30 dias depois do parto. A estação teve uma grande influência sobre o perfil metabólico. Quase todos os metabólitos avaliados, com exceção para aspartato aminotransferase (AST), ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA) e beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), mostraram variação entre estações, demonstrando um comportamento diferentes entre verão e inverno. A atividade hepática aumentou durante o pós-parto, com o aumento da atividade de enzimas do fígado e aumento da concentração de colesterol e BHB. Animais passaram por um balanço energético negativo (NEB) e um número alarmante de animais experimentaram cetose subclínica e altas concentrações de NEFA. De forma geral, o perfil metabólicos dos animais variou consideravelmente entre o verão e o inverno. Apesar disso, a produção leiteira foi similar nas duas estações, o que indica que o cruzamento Holandês x Gir é uma boa opção para a produção de leite em regiões tropicais.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Cetose/veterinária , Metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/análise , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico , Estações do Ano , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterináriaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the energy metabolism and partition of lactating Gyr and F1 Holstein x Gyr (F1 HxG) cows in different planes of nutrition. Six F1 HxG and six Gyr cows with 130 days in milking (DIM) fed corn silage and concentrate were evaluated. The experiment consisted of four periods with different levels of feeding: 1st ad libitum dry matter intake (DMI) and the others with 5, 10 and 20% restricted DMI, related to the first one. An apparent digestibility assay was performed before measurements in the respiration chamber. Total feces were collected for three days. The cows were confined for 24h in the chamber in each period to determine methane and heat production (HP). F1 HxG had higher gross energy intake (GEI), metabolisable energy intake (MEI) and digestible energy intake (DEI). GE lost in feces was higher in F1 HxG (23.7% GEI) than in Gyr (20.5%) cows. Energy lost as methane and urine was similar between the groups. The metabolisability (q) was 0.67, and the efficiency of converting ME to NE (k) was 0.56. There was no difference in the energy requirements for maintenance between breeds (426.6 MJ/kg BW0,75 average value). The energy requirements for lactation were higher in F1 HxG animals due to the higher volume of milk produced, since there was no difference in energy requirements for production of one kg of milk.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Cruzamento , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Metabolismo Energético , Lactação , Ração Animal , Animais , Bovinos , MasculinoRESUMO
Vaccination against Anaplasma marginale has been considered an important control strategy for bovine anaplasmosis. Recently, mice immunized with rMSP1 a linked to carbon nanotubes (MWNT) showed significant immune responses, generating a new possibility for use of an inactivated vaccine. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular and humoral responses in calves immunized with MWNT+rMSP1a , associated with inactivated vaccine of A. marginale produced in vitro, and evaluate the toxic effects of the MWNT on renal and hepatic function. rMSP1a was covalently linked to MWNT. Inactivated vaccine (AmUFMG2) was produced by cultivating A. marginale in IDE8 cells. Twenty-four Holstein calves were divided (four groups) and immunized subcutaneously with PBS and non-carboxylated MWNT (control, G1), AmUFMG2 (G2), MWNT+rMSP1a (G3), and AmUFMG2 with MWNT+rMSP1a (G4). Blood samples were collected for total leukocyte counts, biochemical profiling and evaluation of the cellular and humoral response. Immunization with MWNT+rMSP1a induced increase in the total number of leukocytes, NK cells, in the lymphocyte populations and higher levels of antibodies compared to calves immunized only with AmUFMG2. Furthermore, MWNT did not induce changes in the biochemical profile. These data indicate that MWNT+rMSP1a were able to induce the immune responses more efficiently than AmUFMG2 alone, without generating toxicity.(AU)
Vacinação contra Anaplasma marginale tem sido considerada uma importante estratégia de controle da anaplasmose bovina. Recentemente, camundongos imunizados com rMSP1a funcionalizada à nanotubos de carbono (MWNT) apresentaram resposta imune significante, gerando nova possibilidade para o uso da vacina inativada. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a resposta celular e humoral em bezerros imunizados com MWNT+rMSP1a, associado com a vacina inativada de A. marginale produzida in vitro, e avaliar os efeitos tóxicos dos MWNT nas funções hepática e renal. rMSP1 a foi ligada covalentemente aos MWNT. Vacina inativada (AmUFMG2) foi produzida através do cultivo de A. marginale em células IDE8. Vinte e quatro bezerros Holandeses foram divididos (quatro grupos) e imunizados subcutaneamente com: PBS e MWNT não-carboxilados (controle, G1), AmUFMG2 (G2), MWNT+rMSP1 a (G3), e AmUFMG2 com MWNT+rMSP1a (G4). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para contagem de leucócitos, perfil bioquímico e avaliação da resposta celular e humoral. Imunização com MWNT+rMSP1a induziu aumento dos leucócitos totais, células NK, na população de linfócitos e altos níveis de anticorpos comparado com animais imunizados apenas com AmUFMG2. Além disso, MWNT não induziu alterações no perfil bioquímico. Esses dados indicam que MWNT+rMSP1a foram capazes de induzir eficientemente a resposta imune comparado com AmUFMG2 sozinho, sem gerar toxicidade.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Anaplasma marginale , Anaplasmose/imunologia , Proteína 1 de Superfície de Merozoito , Nanotubos de Carbono , Imunidade Humoral , Vacinas de Produtos InativadosRESUMO
Abstract Vaccination against Anaplasma marginale has been considered an important control strategy for bovine anaplasmosis. Recently, mice immunized with rMSP1 a linked to carbon nanotubes (MWNT) showed significant immune responses, generating a new possibility for use of an inactivated vaccine. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular and humoral responses in calves immunized with MWNT+rMSP1a , associated with inactivated vaccine of A. marginale produced in vitro, and evaluate the toxic effects of the MWNT on renal and hepatic function. rMSP1a was covalently linked to MWNT. Inactivated vaccine (AmUFMG2) was produced by cultivating A. marginale in IDE8 cells. Twenty-four Holstein calves were divided (four groups) and immunized subcutaneously with PBS and non-carboxylated MWNT (control, G1), AmUFMG2 (G2), MWNT+rMSP1a (G3), and AmUFMG2 with MWNT+rMSP1a (G4). Blood samples were collected for total leukocyte counts, biochemical profiling and evaluation of the cellular and humoral response. Immunization with MWNT+rMSP1a induced increase in the total number of leukocytes, NK cells, in the lymphocyte populations and higher levels of antibodies compared to calves immunized only with AmUFMG2. Furthermore, MWNT did not induce changes in the biochemical profile. These data indicate that MWNT+rMSP1a were able to induce the immune responses more efficiently than AmUFMG2 alone, without generating toxicity.
Resumo Vacinação contra Anaplasma marginale tem sido considerada uma importante estratégia de controle da anaplasmose bovina. Recentemente, camundongos imunizados com rMSP1a funcionalizada à nanotubos de carbono (MWNT) apresentaram resposta imune significante, gerando nova possibilidade para o uso da vacina inativada. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a resposta celular e humoral em bezerros imunizados com MWNT+rMSP1a, associado com a vacina inativada de A. marginale produzida in vitro, e avaliar os efeitos tóxicos dos MWNT nas funções hepática e renal. rMSP1 a foi ligada covalentemente aos MWNT. Vacina inativada (AmUFMG2) foi produzida através do cultivo de A. marginale em células IDE8. Vinte e quatro bezerros Holandeses foram divididos (quatro grupos) e imunizados subcutaneamente com: PBS e MWNT não-carboxilados (controle, G1), AmUFMG2 (G2), MWNT+rMSP1 a (G3), e AmUFMG2 com MWNT+rMSP1a (G4). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para contagem de leucócitos, perfil bioquímico e avaliação da resposta celular e humoral. Imunização com MWNT+rMSP1a induziu aumento dos leucócitos totais, células NK, na população de linfócitos e altos níveis de anticorpos comparado com animais imunizados apenas com AmUFMG2. Além disso, MWNT não induziu alterações no perfil bioquímico. Esses dados indicam que MWNT+rMSP1a foram capazes de induzir eficientemente a resposta imune comparado com AmUFMG2 sozinho, sem gerar toxicidade.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Portadores de Fármacos , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Nanotubos de Carbono , Anaplasma marginale/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Anaplasmose/prevenção & controle , Imunidade Humoral , Imunidade CelularRESUMO
Vaccination against Anaplasma marginale has been considered an important control strategy for bovine anaplasmosis. Recently, mice immunized with rMSP1 a linked to carbon nanotubes (MWNT) showed significant immune responses, generating a new possibility for use of an inactivated vaccine. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular and humoral responses in calves immunized with MWNT+rMSP1a , associated with inactivated vaccine of A. marginale produced in vitro, and evaluate the toxic effects of the MWNT on renal and hepatic function. rMSP1a was covalently linked to MWNT. Inactivated vaccine (AmUFMG2) was produced by cultivating A. marginale in IDE8 cells. Twenty-four Holstein calves were divided (four groups) and immunized subcutaneously with PBS and non-carboxylated MWNT (control, G1), AmUFMG2 (G2), MWNT+rMSP1a (G3), and AmUFMG2 with MWNT+rMSP1a (G4). Blood samples were collected for total leukocyte counts, biochemical profiling and evaluation of the cellular and humoral response. Immunization with MWNT+rMSP1a induced increase in the total number of leukocytes, NK cells, in the lymphocyte populations and higher levels of antibodies compared to calves immunized only with AmUFMG2. Furthermore, MWNT did not induce changes in the biochemical profile. These data indicate that MWNT+rMSP1a were able to induce the immune responses more efficiently than AmUFMG2 alone, without generating toxicity.
Assuntos
Anaplasma marginale/imunologia , Anaplasmose/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Portadores de Fármacos , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Nanotubos de Carbono , Animais , Bovinos , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade HumoralRESUMO
Lameness is a growing concern to the dairy industry worldwide. However, little is known about lameness and its causes in grazing cattle, especially in tropical climates. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hoof lesions and lameness in dairy herds of all year-round grazing cattle under tropical condition, and to identify the main lesions associated with lameness. We visited 48 farms located in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, equally divided into four groups based on daily milk production. All lactating cows in the visited farms were locomotion scored, and a representative sample was randomly chosen for hoof inspection. Among the 2267 lactating cows evaluated, 16% were scored as lame and 7% as severely lame. Nearly all cows presented at least one type of hoof lesion, of which heel horn erosion (90%), white line fissure (50%), and digital dermatitis (33%) were the most prevalent. Heel horn erosion was present in all farms and digital dermatitis was present in 96% of the farms. Sole ulcer was observed in a single animal. Additionally, digital dermatitis and white line fissure were correlated to a 2.5 times increase in the odds of a poor mobility score. Collectively, our results demonstrate that digital dermatitis and white line fissure are the main concern and the biggest cause of lameness in grazing cattle under tropical conditions.