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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the methodological quality of systematic reviews that evaluated the effectiveness of pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO) in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). METHODS: Searches were performed in Databases including PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, DARE, Cochrane Library, and SIGLE through OpenGrey until March 2024, were evaluated by two independent reviewers to answer the following question: Is the use of PENTO protocol effective in the treatment of ORNJ or for the treatment of MRONJ? RESULTS: A total of 256 articles were initially identified; however, following the use of appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, five systematic reviews were identified for detailed analysis. The final study sample comprised 588 patients: 397 patients with ORN and 197 patients with MRONJ who were treated with PENTO. The total recovery of individuals who used the PENTO protocol was 62,2 % for ORN and 100 % for MRONJ, with a follow-up period of 1 month to 10 years. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool, in which four were of low quality and 1 moderate quality. CONCLUSION: The treatment of ORN and MRONJ with pentoxifylline and tocopherol has shown good results in the studies presented, with a partial or total reduction in bone exposure. However, the low quality of the relevant reports highlights the need for primary and secondary studies with better methodological rigor to reduce bias and provide reassurance for this treatment option.

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an advanced and irreversible renal failure that contributes to increased mortality worldwide. Patients who undergo dialysis are more susceptible to developing infections due to their general condition. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are associated with oral and systemic manifestations. The most modern and accurate technique to detect the presence of these viruses is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which can predict viral reactivation even before the onset of symptoms and identify subclinical infections. This study aimed to detect the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: An epidemiological and observational case-control study was conducted. Two groups were considered (case group: patients on hemodialysis from the Nephrology Services of the Hospital das Clínicas of UFPE and Hospital Maria Lucinda and control group: healthy patients without CKD from the Department of Stomatology of the UFPE to evaluate the viruses presence using the real-time PCR technique. Results:Of the hemodialysis patients (n=54), 29 (53.70%) tested positive for CMV and only 10 (18.51%) for EBV, while in the healthy group (n=55), eight (14.54%) were positive for EBV and none for CMV. In neither group were systemic characteristics or oral manifestations observed due to the presence of viruses. Conclusion: The EBV and CMV viruses have a higher prevalence in hemodialysis patients. However, these patients did not present oral or systemic manifestations. (AU)

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Coronaviridae is a family of single-stranded positive enveloped RNA viruses. This article aimed to review the history of these viruses in the last 60 years since their discovery to understand what lessons can be learned from the past. A review of the PubMed database was carried out, describing taxonomy, classification, virology, genetic recombination, host adaptation, and main symptoms related to each type of virus. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing global pandemic, and SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were responsible for causing severe respiratory illness and regional epidemics in the past while the four other strains of CoVs (229-E OC43, NL63, and HKU1) circulate worldwide and normally only cause mild upper respiratory tract infections. Given the enormous diversity of coronavirus viruses in wildlife and their continuous evolution and adaptation to humans, future outbreaks would undoubtedly occur. Restricting or banning all trade in wild animals in wet markets would be a necessary measure to reduce future zoonotic infections.

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INTRODUCTION: There have been concerns that longstanding oral dryness secondary to Sjogren's syndrome may increase the risk of failure of dental implants. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to determine the level of methodological quality of systematic reviews that evaluated the effectiveness of dental implants in patients diagnosed with Sjogren's syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Databases of PubMed/Medline, LILACS, Science Direct and Dare Cochrane to October 2020 were evaluated. A total of 833 articles were initially identified but following use of appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria 4 papers were identified for detailed analysis. An eventual study sample comprised 722 implants placed in 189 patients with a 95.22% success rate, the minimum follow-up time was 45.2 ± 23.8 months and the maximum 125.5 months. The studies were assessed for their methodological quality by the AMSTAR 2 tool, in which 3 had critically low quality and one low quality. CONCLUSION: Oral rehabilitation with dental implants in patients with Sjogren's syndrome seems to have a high success rate; however, the low quality of relevant reports highlights the need for primary and secondary studies with better methodological design in order to reduce bias and provide reassurance for this treatment option.

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A queilite actínica (QA) é uma desordem potencialmente maligna que se desenvolve principalmente no lábio inferior, decorrente da exposição crônica a luz solar. O objetivo desse estudo é elucidar, a partir de uma revisão da literatura, as abordagens não cirúrgicas mais atuais para o tratamento da QA. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Cochrane, sendo obtidos 280 artigos e após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram utilizados no presente traba lho 16 estudos. Várias abordagens, como, diclofenaco sódico, mebutato de ingenol, imiquimode, 5-fluorouracil, fludroxicortida e terapia fotodinâmica, são apontadas e estudadas como forma de tratamento para a QA. Entretanto, faltam trabalhos para que se estabeleça um consenso sobre a terapêutica não-cirúrgica mais adequada... (AU)

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder that develops mainly on the lower lip, result ing from a chronic exposure to sunlight. The objective of this study is to elucidate, from a literature review, the most current non-surgical approaches for the treatment of AC. A search was performed in the PubMed, Scielo and Cochrane databases, obtaining 280 papers and after applying the eligibility cri teria, 16 studies were used in the present study. Various approaches, such as diclofenac sodium, ingenol mebutate, imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil, fludroxycortide and photodynamic therapy are pointed out and studied as a form of treatment for AC. However, there is a lack of work to establish a consensus on the most appropriate non-surgical therapy... (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To describe oral alterations in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). METHODS: This was a case series, whose research instrument was a structured questionnaire, associated with the use of medical record data and extra and intraoral clinical examination. RESULTS: Thirty-two children were evaluated, the majority male (18/32%-56.3%), mean age 22 months (SD = 2.71). It was also observed that the majority of the patients (19/32%-59.4%) presented a low family income. All the children had a mean head circumference of 29.43 cm (SD = 1.42). Regarding the alterations, an ogival-shaped palate was observed in 14 children (43.7%), and delayed chronology of eruption was observed in 15 children (46.9%), of whom 7 children (21.9%) did not present eruption of the upper left lateral incisor (p = .0002) and upper right lateral incisor (p = .002) until the moment of analysis. Additionally, 03 children with yellowish dental pigmentation were identified in erupted teeth after the onset of phenobarbital use. Enamel hypoplasia was identified in 9 children (28.1%) and only one child with ankyloglossia. CONCLUSION: CZS may present delayed chronology of eruption, ankyloglossia, ogival-shaped palate, and enamel hypoplasia, requiring dental follow-up aimed at prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation of the health of these children.

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This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing an alcoholic extract of rosemary on oral bacteria, compared to a commercially available herbal dentifrice. Standard strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) were used, as well as different toothpastes based on rosemary (TR), on propolis (TH), triclosan (positive control) (TPC) and non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control) (TNC). Bacteria were seeded in Petri dishes and paper discs soaked with dilutions of dentifrice placed on the plates. The inhibition halos were analyzed. It was observed that TR did not show statistical difference in relation to the TH to inhibit S. mutans and S. oralis, while TH was more active against L. rhamnosus. The toothpaste containing rosemary extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans, S. oralis and L. rhamnosus, revealing an antimicrobial activity similar to commercially available toothpastes for inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis.

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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing an alcoholic extract of rosemary on oral bacteria, compared to a commercially available herbal dentifrice. Standard strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) were used, as well as different toothpastes based on rosemary (TR), on propolis (TH), triclosan (positive control) (TPC) and non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control) (TNC). Bacteria were seeded in Petri dishes and paper discs soaked with dilutions of dentifrice placed on the plates. The inhibition halos were analyzed. It was observed that TR did not show statistical difference in relation to the TH to inhibit S. mutans and S. oralis, while TH was more active against L. rhamnosus. The toothpaste containing rosemary extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans, S. oralis and L. rhamnosus, revealing an antimicrobial activity similar to commercially available toothpastes for inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de um dentifrício extrato alcoólico de alecrim sobre bactérias orais, comparando-o a um dentifrício herbal disponível no mercado. Cepas padrão de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) e Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) foram utilizadas, bem como diferentes dentifrícios à base de alecrim (TR), própolis (TH), triclosan (controle positivo) (TPC) e sem flúor (controle negativo) (TNC). Placas de Petri foram inoculadas com as bactérias e discos de papel embebidos com diluições de cada dentifrício foram colocados nas placas. Em seguida, foram analisados os halos de inibição. Observou-se que o TR não mostrou diferença estatística em relação ao TH para inibição dos S. mutans e S. oralis, enquanto TH foi mais ativo contra L. rhamnosus. O dentifrício contendo extrato de alecrim foi capaz de inibir o crescimento de S. mutans, S. oralis e L. rhamnosus, revelando uma atividade antimicrobiana semelhante ao dentifrício disponível comercialmente na inibição de S. mutans e S. oralis.

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Objective: The aim of this paper was to analyze the presence of polymorphism in the promoter region T/C950 of the osteoprotegerin gene and its distribution in diabetic patients with periodontitis, when compared to the control group. Methods: 67 patients took part in the research. The test group (n = 32) was composed of diabetic patients with periodontitis and the control group (n = 35) included patients without diabetes and without periodontitis. For the diagnosis of periodontitis, the following clinical parameters were evaluated: probing depth, bleeding on probing and clinical attachment level. The DNA to investigate the polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin, obtained through the technique of polymerase chain reaction, was obtained from the blood serum of the participants.Results: Polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin were found in promoter region -950T/C but there was no significance (p=1.000). Only the control group showed significant results for the probing depth according to the polymorphic region. Conclusion: No influence was found between genetic polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin in patients with diabetes and periodontitis.

Objetivo: Analisar a presença de polimorfismos na região promotora T/C950 do gene da osteoprotegerina, e a sua distribuição em pacientes diabéticos e com periodontite, quando comparados ao grupo controle saudável. Métodos: A pesquisa contou com a participação de 67 indivíduos distribuídos em um grupo teste (n=32), constituído por pacientes diabéticos e com periodontite, e um grupo controle (n=35) que incluía pacientes não diabéticos e sem periodontite. Para o diagnóstico da periodontite, foram avaliados os parâmetros clínicos: profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem e nível de inserção clínica. O DNA para a investigação dos polimorfismos da osteoprotegerina, através da técnica da reação em cadeia de polimerase convencional, foi obtido a partir de amostras sanguíneas dos participantes. Resultados: Polimorfismos no gene da osteoprotegerina foram encontrados na posição -950T/C da região promotora, porém sem significância estatística (p=1,000). Apenas o grupo controle apresentou resultados significativos para a profundidade de sondagem segundo a região polimórfica (p=0,017).Conclusão: Não foi observada influência entre o polimorfismo da região T/C950 do gene da osteoprotegerina em pacientes com periodontite e a diabetes mellitus.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to quantify the presence of Langerhans cells (LC) in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), comparing them with normal epithelium. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-six patients with biopsy-proven OLP or OLL were selected for the study, as well as 23 control subjects free of inflammatory conditions. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method with CD1a and CD83 primary antibodies. Densities were compared between groups and correlated with microscopic findings. RESULTS: Patients with lichenoid conditions (OLP + OLL) presented higher densities of CD1a(+) cells than the control subjects (P = .03). Higher densities of CD1a were associated with a thinner layer of inflammatory cells (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that OLP and OLL are characterized by the recruitment of LC, which may play a significant role on its pathogenesis.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients. BACKGROUND DATA: BMS is a clinical condition characterized by a burning sensation in a morphologically normal oral mucosa, without association with systemic disorders. METHODS: Ten patients with oral burning sensation were included in the study. After careful evaluation of medical history and oral examination, the diagnosis of BMS was established. All patients were submitted to one weekly session of LLLT for 10 weeks. A continuous wavelength of 660 nm, power 40 mW, 20 J/cm(2), 0.8 J/point, with each point irradiated for 10 sec. In all sessions the burning intensity was evaluated with a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS), with 0 indicating no symptoms and 10 indicating the worst burning possible. The burning intensity evaluation by VAS was performed immediately before (VAS baseline) and immediately after each LLLT session. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis, considering significance of 5%. RESULTS: All patients reported improvement in all sessions, with reduction in VAS scores by up to 58% in the tenth session. When only the VAS baseline of the first session was compared with the other sessions, there was a statistically significant reduction in VAS scores in the fourth (p=0.03), fifth (p=0.03), sixth (p=0.009), seventh (p=0.003), eighth, ninth, and tenth (all p=0.002) sessions. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT may be an alternative treatment for the relief of oral burning in patients with BMS.

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Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an uncommon and controversial epithelial neoplasm characterized by simultaneous and distinct areas of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Only few cases of oral adenosquamous carcinoma have been previously reported in the literature. It has been described as a squamous cell carcinoma subtype with a high infiltrative capacity. The majority of the patients suffer with early recurrence, local and distant metastases, and low survival rate. In this article, a case of ASC which was clinically similar to an oral leukoplakia is reported and the literature is reviewed. We underline the main histological features and the importance of the oral pathologist in the recognition of the squamous cell carcinoma subtypes.

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Recent developments in molecular methods have revolutionized the detection and characterization of microorganisms in a broad range of medical diagnostic fields, including virology, mycology, parasitology, microbiology and dentistry. Among these methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has generated great benefits and allowed scientific advancements. PCR is an excellent technique for the rapid detection of pathogens, including those difficult to culture. Along with conventional PCR techniques, Real-Time PCR has emerged as a technological innovation and is playing an ever-increasing role in clinical diagnostics and research laboratories. Due to its capacity to generate both qualitative and quantitative results, Real-Time PCR is considered a fast and accurate platform. The aim of the present literature review is to explore the clinical usefulness and potential of both conventional PCR and Real-Time PCR assays in diverse medical fields, addressing its main uses and advances.

O advento dos métodos moleculares tem, nos últimos anos, revolucionado a detecção e caracterização dos microorganismos em diversas áreas médicas diagnósticas, tais como virologia, micologia, parasitologia, microbiologia e odontologia. Dentre as técnicas baseadas em biologia molecular, a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) trouxe enormes benefícios e desenvolvimentos científicos, se mostrando como um excelente caminho para a rápida detecção de patógenos, até mesmo aqueles de difícil cultivo. Derivada da PCR convencional, a PCR em Tempo Real se mostra como uma inovação tecnológica e vem conquistando espaço nos diagnósticos clínicos e nos laboratórios de pesquisa por apresentar a capacidade de gerar, além de resultados qualitativos, resultados quantitativos, se mostrando de forma mais rápida e precisa. Este trabalho de revisão tem por objetivo explorar a utilidade clínica da técnica de PCR convencional e em Tempo real nas diversas áreas médicas supracitadas, abrangendo seus principais usos e avanços, direcionando para o cotidiano profissional.

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A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato da casca do caule de Anacardium occidentale L., foi avaliada em três culturas de bactérias isoladas de biofilme dental. A atividade antimicrobiana foi conduzida em placa de Petri pelo método de difusão para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA). Inibição aureolar (CIM) foi observada com concentrações de 12,5 mg/mL em S. mutans e 6,25mg/mL em S. mitis e S. sanguis. Os resultados sugerem que o extrato tem efeito na CIMA em concentrações de 0,31 mg/mL em S. mutans e S. mitis e de 0,15 mg/mL em S. sanguis e pode ser usado terapeuticamente na odontologia como agente antibacteriano.

The antimicrobial activity of the extract of the stem bark of Anacardium occidentale L., was evaluated in three cultures of bacteria of the dental plate. The antimicrobial activity was assayed in Petri dishes using the diffusion method for determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal inhibitory concentration of adherence (MICA). Aureolar inhibition (MIC) was observed with concentrations of 12.5 mg/mL in S. mutans and 6.25 mg/mL in S. mitis and S. sanguis. The results suggest that the extract has effect in the MICA in concentrations of 0.31 mg/mL in S. mutans and S. mitis and of 0.15 mg/mL in S. sanguis and therapeuticly can be used in the dentistry as an antibacterial agent.

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Os autores, após dimensionarem o problema da rejeição pós-transplante renal, fazem uma revisão, sob a ótica do cirurgião-dentista, a respeito da terapia imunossupressora e sua influência nas manifestações estomatológicas. No texto são ressaltados a importância do conhecimento da prevalência dessas lesões orais associadas ao transplante renal e o uso de medicações, para um correto estabelecimento a respeito da origem de tais lesões

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de mucosite bucal em crianças portadoras de leucemia, submetidas a tratamento quimioterápico. A amostra constituiu-se de 32 crianças internadas no Hospital Universitário Osvaldo Cruz (HUOC-PE), sendo 20 do sexo masculino e 12 do sexo feminino, com idades variando de 0 a 12 anos. Os pacientes foram selecionados e examinados no período de maio a outubro de 2000. A prevalência da mucosite foi estimada em 71,9 por cento dos pacientes examinados. A região anatômica da cavidade bucal mais atingida pela mucosite foi a mucosa labial e o tipo de leucemia predominante foi a leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA). Concluindo, a mucosite é um efeito colateral freqüente na terapia antineoplásica, afetando mais comumente crianças do sexo masculino que estão recebendo quimioterapia

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Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a toxicidade aguda e a Dose LetaL 50 do extrato hidroalcoólico do caule e da folha de Psidium guajava L. Material e Métodos: O extrato hidroalcoólico foi obtido através de etanol (70 por cento) e concentrado em rota-vapor. Para o estudo toxicológico, trinta e seis camundongos Mus musculus (todos previamente marcados e pesados) foram selecionados em seis grupos. Os animais permaneceram em jejum por dezoito horas antes de serem submetidos ao experimento. A via de administração utilizada foi a intra-peritonial. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que a atividade tóxica do extrato hidroalcoólico de Psidium guajava L. não foi relevante: 779,17mg/Kg. Conclusões: Diante das doses tóxicas observadas, nesse estudo, conclui-se que existe uma relativa margem de segurança para o uso dessa planta como agente terapêutico

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Este estudo teve como objetivo testar in vitro a susceptibilidade de bactérias gram-negativas: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, aos extratos hidroalcoólicos da folha e do caule de psidium guajava Linn. (goiabeira vermelha). O segundo objetivo foi determinar sua Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) em meio sólido. A toxicidade aguda, sub-aguda e DL50 foram determinadas. No teste in vivo utilizou-se 36 camundongos Musmusculus, divididos em 6 grupos e os animais mantiveram-se em jejum por 18 horas antes de serem submetidos ao experimento. A via de administração utilizada foi a intraperitoneal. Verificou-se que excetuando-se Klebsiella spp, todas as bactérias testadas foram inibidas pelos dois extratos utilizados, sendo que o extrato da folha apresentou melhor atividade para Salmonella spp (17,3mm) e o extrato do caule foi mais ativo para Proteus spp (18,3mm). A CMI variou de 1,8 a 2,4 mg/ml no extrato da folha e de 1,2 a 2,4 mg/ml no extrato do caule. Para Shigella spp e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a CMI foi 1,2mg/ml no extrato do caule. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois tipos de extratos tanto nos testes antimicrobianos (p=0,009) como nos valores da CMI (p=0,397). A atividade tóxica não foi considerada relevante, a DL50 foi 779,17mg/kg e a atividade antimicrobiana foi confirmada. A planta pode ser utilizada como agente terapêutico

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