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Objective: To describe a multicenter outbreak of R. pickettii that occurred in a large number of critically ill patients in a city in Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In April 2021, the National Institute for Food and Drug Surveillance (INVIMA) reported an outbreak of R. pickettii infection associated with contaminated intravenous medications. The Municipal Health Department began collecting data for all cases identified by the hospitals and the results of microbiological studies. Medical records and death certificates of included cases were reviewed. Results: Between March and May 2021, 66 cases of R. pickettii bloodstream infections from nine hospitals were documented. The median age of the patients was 60 years (IQR 51-72), and most of them had comorbidities (78.8%), mainly arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. At the time of the R. pickettii bloodstream infection, 89.4% had COVID-19, 86.4% were on mechanical ventilation, and 98.5% were receiving corticosteroids. The overall mortality was 81.8%. Nearly 60% of the deaths were related to R. pickettii bloodstream infections. R. pickettii was identified in the cultures from intravenous medications. Conclusions: This large multicenter outbreak caused by intravenous medications contaminated with R. pickettii mainly affected critically ill COVID-19 patients. Mortality was high and largely related to R. pickettii bloodstream infection.
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Nutritional additives such as propolis seek to improve intestinal health as an alternative to the global ban on in-feed antibiotics used as growth promoters (AGP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis supplementation in diet of broilers. Four hundred and fifty straight-run Ross 308 AP broilers were fed with a basal diet (BD) throughout the whole experimental period. Birds were randomly distributed into 5 groups at d 14: negative control without antibiotics nor propolis (AGP-), positive control 500 ppm of Zinc Bacitracin as growth promoter (AGP+), and 3 groups supplemented with 150, 300, and 450 ppm of propolis. Every group included 6 replicates of 15 birds each. Propolis concentration was increased from d 22 to 42, in experimental groups to 300, 600, and 900 ppm of propolis, and 10% of raw soybean was included as a challenge in all groups during the same period. Analysis of productive parameters, intestinal morphometry, and relative quantification of genes associated with epithelial integrity by qPCR were performed at 21 and 42 d. The groups with the greatest weights were those that consumed diets including 150 (21 d) and 900 ppm (42 d) of propolis compared with all treatments. The lowest score of ISI was found at 300 (21 d) and 600 ppm (42 d). A lower degree of injury in digestive system was seen with the inclusion of 300 ppm (21 d) and 900 ppm (42 d). Up-regulation of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was observed in jejunum of broilers supplemented with 150 and 300 ppm at 21 d. Up-regulation of ZO-1 and TGF-ß was also evidenced in ileum at all propolis inclusion levels at 42-day-old compared to AGP+ and AGP-. The beneficial effects were evidenced at inclusion levels of 150 ppm in the starter and 900 ppm in the finisher. According to the results, the Colombian propolis inclusion can improve productive performance, physiological parameters, and gene expression associated with intestinal integrity.
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Galinhas , Própole , Animais , Ração Animal/análise , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Colômbia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Própole/farmacologia , Própole/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Propolis has been considered a highly valuable material due to its therapeutic properties. However, in Colombia, the commercialization of propolis is limited not only by low production but also by the little knowledge about its efficient extraction. Therefore, finding an optimal and economical extraction method to obtain propolis is a necessity for beekeepers that would open new possibilities for industrial use and, therefore, for the market. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate a conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction method, seeking to obtain the highest yield and a high amount of content of bioactive compounds in propolis extracts. METHODS: The extraction was carried out for three crude propolis from different types of bees: Tetragoniscaangustula or Angelita (ANG), Meliponaeburnea or Melipona(MEL), and Scaptotrigonaspp (SCT). The extracts were characterized by color, pH, visual appearance, solid content, antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, and bacterial inhibition capacity. RESULTS: The highest extraction performance was obtained when the ultrasound-assisted method was used, especially for the ANG extract, which in addition to presenting inhibition for gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. Aureus) bacteria, had the best antioxidant activity with a value of 545 mg GAE / 100 g of sample and total polyphenol content of 1,884 mg GAE / 100 g of sample. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-assisted extraction can be considered a low-cost alternative to increase the extraction performance of crude propolis, together with its total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity, without altering its physical properties
ANTECEDENTES: El propóleos ha sido considerado un material de alto valor por sus propiedades terapéuticas. Sin embargo, en Colombia la comercialización de propóleos está limitada no solo por la baja producción sino también por el incipiente conocimiento sobre la extracción eficiente de este. Por ello, encontrar un método de extracción óptimo y económico para la obtención de propóleos es una necesidad para los apicultores que abriría nuevas posibilidades para el uso industrial y por tanto para el mercado. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar un método de extracción convencional y asistido por ultrasonido (US) buscando el mayor rendimiento y alto contenido de compuestos bioactivos en extractos de propóleos. MÉTODOS: La extracción se realizó para tres propóleos crudos de diferentes tipos de abejas Tetragonisca angustula o Angelita(ANG), Melipona eburnea o Melipona (MEL) y Scaptotrigona spp (SCT). Todos los extractos se caracterizaron por su color, pH, apariencia visual, contenido de sólidos, capacidad antioxidante, contenido total de polifenoles y capacidad de inhibición bacteriana. RESULTADOS: El mayor rendimiento de extracción se obtuvo cuando se usó el método asistido por ultrasonido y específicamente para el extracto ANG, que además de presentar inhibición para bacterias gram negativas (E. coli) y gram positivas (S. Aureus), tuvo la mejor actividad antioxidante con un valor de 545 mg GAE / 100 g de muestra y contenido total de polifenoles de 1884 mg GAE / 100 g de muestra. CONCLUSIONES: La extracción asistida por ultrasonido puede considerarse una alternativa de bajo costo para aumentar el rendimiento de extracción del propóleos crudo, así como su contenido total de polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante sin alterar sus propiedades físicas
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Humanos , Própole/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ultrassom , Abelhas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This study describes a modified protocol using transmandibular zygomatic implants with immediate occlusal loading for the comprehensive dental rehabilitation of previously reconstructed mandibular defects and reports preliminary results of this modified protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients (6 female and 9 male), with a mean of age 40.26 years (range 12 to 68 years), had previously undergone immediate mandibular reconstruction using either autologous bone grafting, bone transport, or microvascular free-flap reconstruction for a variety of diagnoses. Transmandibular zygomatic implants were subsequently placed, depending on the type of defect. Implant stability was evaluated by insertion torque, percussion testing, and the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The patients were rehabilitated with an immediate provisional prosthesis. All patients' records included pre and postoperative clinical examination, radiographs, CT scan, and photographic analysis. All patients were followed for a minimum of 36 months. RESULTS: All patients were dentally rehabilitated immediately with functional and esthetic hybrid dentures based on either acrylic or porcelain on a metal framework. Among all cases of transmandibular zygomatic implants, the ISQ was greater than 75, which allowed immediate prosthetic loading. The zygomatic implants were considered to be successful if they were asymptomatic with no clinical mobility and no sign of infection. We have also added new indications for placement of transmandibular implants in cases of sequelae of gunshot trauma, dentoalveolar defects, and complications of orthognathic surgery, partially edentulous and/or failure of prior mandibular reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The zygomatic implant is an excellent immediate loading option for mandibular dental rehabilitation among patients with mandibular defects. According to our observation, immediate occlusal loading of transmandibular zygomatic implants has a very good potential for success.
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Carga Imediata em Implante Dentário , Reconstrução Mandibular/métodos , Zigoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transplante Ósseo , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reoperação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Animal bite injuries to the head and neck regions are an important public health problem. Most of these bites are from dogs. A 10-year retrospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of animal and human bites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was done from January 2011 to December 2016 and included 387 patients with a mean age of 21.51 years. Data collection included age, sex, days of hospitalization, lesion type, and clinical management. RESULTS: Majority of patients were in age group of 21-29 years, followed by 31-55 years. Out of the total 281 patients, 42 patients (51.60%) were males and 34 patients (48.40%) were females. Mean hospital stay was 7.2 days with a minimum of 5 days and a maximum of 12 days. Surgical management included cleansing and primary closure of the wound. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the use of empiric antibiotic prophylaxis is essential for management of facial animal bite, and the antibiotic of first choice is amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The aim of immediate surgical repair (< 6 h) is to avoid infections. The persistence of dog bite is public health problem in Venezuela.