RESUMO
Elafin is a natural antimicrobial molecule and a member of the antileukoproteinase (Trappin) family. It is normally expressed in the mucosae of fallopian tubes. Hydrosalpinx is a chronic inflammatory process of the fallopian tubes. The objective of this study is to compare the localization of elafin protein and levels of elafin messenger RNA (mRNA) in the mucosa of oviducts with and without hydrosalpinx. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue sections of hydrosalpinx (n = 10) and normal tubes (n = 22) from paraffin-embedded blocks, obtained from patients who underwent salpingectomy for benign conditions. The main outcome measure was the intensity of staining with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine calculated by ImageJ software and mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mean intensity of elafin (mean ± standard deviation) in mucosae of the fallopian tubes was 69.68 ± 24.55 in controls and 32.03±18.16 in patients with hydrosalpinx (P < .0001). Elafin mRNA levels were reduced in hydrosalpinx, although not significantly (P = .05, n = 9 from each group). Therefore, tubal epithelium of women with hydrosalpinx seems to have a lower expression of elafin, an elastase inhibitor and a natural antimicrobial molecule, compared to normal tubes.
Assuntos
Elafina/biossíntese , Tubas Uterinas/metabolismo , Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Salpingite/metabolismo , Salpingite/patologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa/metabolismo , Mucosa/patologiaRESUMO
McCune-Albright syndrome consists of fibrous dysplasia of bone, café-au-lait skin pigmentation, and endocrine dysfunction (usually precocious puberty). Other endocrine abnormalities occur in a minority of patients, and of these, Cushing's syndrome is the least often recognized. We present 5 children (4 girls) with features of McCune-Albright syndrome who had Cushing's syndrome in the infantile period (<6 months). In 2 children spontaneous resolution occurred, but the remaining 3 required bilateral adrenalectomy. In addition, all 4 girls have experienced precocious puberty, and 3 children demonstrated radiologic evidence of nephrocalcinosis. Understanding of the underlying defect causing McCune-Albright syndrome emphasizes the importance of searching for other endocrine dysfunction in these children.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/complicações , Síndrome de Cushing/etiologia , Síndrome , Adolescente , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congênita/cirurgia , Adrenalectomia , Manchas Café com Leite/sangue , Manchas Café com Leite/patologia , Criança , Feminino , Displasia Fibrosa Óssea/sangue , Displasia Fibrosa Óssea/patologia , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Puberdade Precoce/sangue , Puberdade Precoce/patologiaRESUMO
Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis frequently have abnormal immune responses to the hsp65 class of bacterial heat shock proteins. However, lymphocytes from children with other inflammatory diseases may also recognize hsp65, and the role of these antigens in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis remains controversial. We have studied humoral and cellular immune responses to a distinct, recently described bacterial heat shock protein, designated dnaJ. The Escherichia coli dnaJ gene was cloned and expressed, and the purified recombinant protein was used as an antigen. Neither normal children nor children with various chronic inflammatory diseases had lymphocyte proliferative responses to recombinant dnaJ. However, lymphocytes from patients with polyarticular, pauciarticular, and systemic manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis responded strongly to the antigen. Cellular immune responses to dnaJ were higher in synovial fluid than in blood and higher in children with active disease than in children in remission. These data show that increased immune reactivity to dnaJ is characteristic of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and that the magnitude of the immune response is linked to disease activity. The results suggest that an abnormal immune response to antigens on commensal gut bacteria may contribute to the generation of chronic inflammation in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Artrite Juvenil/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/imunologia , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Feminino , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40 , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Masculino , Líquido Sinovial/imunologiaRESUMO
In a prospective cardiovascular study of 1341 Trinidadian men aged 35-69 years undertaken between 1977 and 1986, the baseline prevalence rates of cardiac and arterial disease and diabetes mellitus were increased in the 118 (8.8%) who had been but were no longer regular drinkers. This finding suggested that awareness of these disorders was a discouragement to drinking alcohol. When this group and all with coronary heart disease (CHD) or diabetes at entry were excluded, a significant inverse trend was found between alcohol consumption in the week before recruitment and risk of CHD across the subsequent average follow-up of 7.5 years. Men who had taken 5-14 drinks had about half the CHD risk of those who had had no alcohol, even after allowance for age, ethnicity, smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol concentration. The overall morbidity and mortality experience in this community indicated a protective effect of alcohol against CHD, but adverse health consequences from multiple causes in drinkers who were alcohol dependent.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Nível de Saúde , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether the inverse association between high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and risk of coronary heart disease described in people of European stock was also present in other racial groups. DESIGN: The study was a prospective population survey. Cardiovascular risk factors were examined, including fasting serum lipid estimation (obtained at recruitment). SETTING: This was a community based study within a defined survey area in Trinidad. PARTICIPANTS: All men aged between 35 and 69 years within the survey area were identified and followed between 1977 and 1986. Analysis was confined to those of African, Asian Indian, and mixed descent who were free of coronary heart disease at entry (n = 960, 69% of age eligible men in the survey population). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 64 men developed coronary heart disease during the study period. A strong inverse curvilinear relation was found between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease incidence (p less than 0.005), independent of age or other relevant characteristics including low density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: A low serum concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol is a risk factor for coronary heart disease in non-whites as well as in whites.
Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/etnologia , Grupos Raciais , Adulto , Idoso , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologia , Trinidad e Tobago/etnologiaRESUMO
In a prospective cardiovascular study of 1341 Trinidadian men aged 35-69 years undertaken between 1977 and 1986, the baseline prevalence rates of cardiac and arterial disease and diabetes mellitus were increased in the 118(8.8 percent) who had been but were no longer regular drinkers. This finding suggested that awareness of these disorders was a discouragement to drinking alcohol. When this group and all with coronary heart disease (CHD) or diabetes at entry were excluded, a significant inverse trend was found between alcohol consumption in the week before recruitment and risk of CHD across the subsequent average follow-up of 7.5 years. Men who had taken between 5-14 drinks had about half the CHD risk of those who had had no alcohol, even after allowance for age, ethnicity, smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol concentration. The overall morbidity and mortality experience in this community indicated a protective effect of alcohol against CHD, but averse health consequences from multiple causes in drinkers who were alcohol dependent. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Trinidad e Tobago , Doença das Coronárias , Região do Caribe , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
A ten-year community survey was undertaken to investigate the high coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence among people of Indian (South Asian) descent in Trinidad, West Indies. Of 2491 individuals aged 35-69 years, 2215 (89%) were examined and 2069 (83%) found to be clinically free of CHD at baseline. After exclusion of 71 of minority ethnic groups, 786 African, 598 Indian, 147 European and 467 adults of Mixed descent were followed for CHD morbidity and mortality. In both sexes, adults of Indian origin had higher prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus, a low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and recent abstinence from alcohol than other ethnic groups. Indian men also had larger skinfold thicknesses than other men. In participants free of CHD at entry, the age-adjusted relative risk of a cardiac event believed due to CHD was at least twice as high in Indian men and women as in other ethnic groups. In men, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration were positively and independently related to risk of CHD, whereas alcohol consumption and HDL cholesterol concentration were inversely associated with risk after allowing for age and ethnic group. The ethnic contrasts in CHD persisted when these characteristics were taken into account. In the smaller sample of women, only ethnic group was predictive of CHD as defined. The failure of point estimates of risk to explain the high CHD incidence in Indians calls for focus on age of onset of risk and examination of other potential risk factors such as insulin concentration.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/etnologia , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , África/etnologia , Idoso , China/etnologia , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/etnologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oriente Médio/etnologia , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Language utterances were recorded in three groups of 1- to 3-yr.-old day care children in Valdivia, Chile. An analysis of the preclausal patterns of language development according to the model outlined by Hubbell (1988) indicated that 4 of 12 major utterances--experiencer-state, action-object, agent-action, and negation-X--accounted for 68% of the total number of utterances recorded. The results suggest that preclausal patterns in language development of Spanish-speaking children are similar to and yet different in some respects from those of children who acquire English as their first language.
Assuntos
Linguagem Infantil , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Semântica , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
A ten-year community survey was undertaken to investigate the high coronary heart disease(CHD) incidence among people of Indian(South Asian) descent in Trinidad, West Indies. Of 2491 individuals aged 35-69 years, 2215(89 percent) were examined and 2069(83 percent) found to be clinically free of CHD at baseline> After exclusion of 71 of minority ethnic groups, 786 African, 598 Indian, 147 European 467 adults of Mixed descent were followed for CHD morbidity and mortality. In both sexes, adults of Indian descent had higher prevalences rates of diabetes mellitus, a low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and recent abstinence from alcohol than other ethnic groups. Indian men also had larger skinfold thickness than other men. In participants free of CHD at entry, the age adjusted relative risk of a cardiac event believed due to CHD was at least twice as high in Indian men and women as in other ethnic groups. In men , blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration were positively and independently related to risk of CHD, whereas alcohol consumption and HDL cholesterol concentration were inversely associated with risk after allowing for age and ethnic group. The ethnic contrasts in CHD persisted when these characteristics were taken into account. In the smaller sample of women, only ethnic group was predictive of CHD as defined. The failure of point estimates of risk to explain the high CHD incidence in Indians calls for focus on age of onset and examination of other potential risk factors such as insulin concentration (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença das Coronárias/etnologia , Trinidad e Tobago , Doença das Coronárias/etiologia , Região do Caribe , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
In a prospective survey of 1342 Trinidadian men aged 35 to 69 years at recruitment, age-adjusted mean blood pressures were highest in those of African descent, intermediate in Indians and mean of Mixed origin, and lowest in Europeans. Age-adjusted fasting blood glucose concentrations were highest in Indians and lowest in men of European descent. Relative risks of all-cause, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality increased progressively with increasing systolic pressure, whereas for fasting blood glucose concentration the associations were U-shaped. No ethnic differences were apparent in relative risks. For systolic pressure, mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular diseases respectively were about two and three times higher at 180 mmHg or more than at pressures below 130 mmHg. For blood glucose, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were about four times higher at fasting concentrations greater than 7.7 mmol/l than in the lowest risk group (4.2-4.6 mmol/l). All-cause population attributable mortality rates for systolic pressures of 130 mmHg or more were 1.3 to 2.8 times higher in Indian men than in other groups. For blood glucose in excess of 4.6 mmol/l, population attributable mortality was between 2.9 and 6.9 times higher in Indians than in other groups. The findings emphasized the high mortality in men of Indian descent, partly due to an apparent underlying predisposition to cardiovascular disease, and partly to their high prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidade , Grupos Raciais , Adulto , Idoso , População Negra , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etnologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Causas de Morte , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/etnologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Trinidad e Tobago , População BrancaRESUMO
In a prospective survey of 1342 Trinidadian men aged 35 to 69 years at recruitment, aged-adjusted mean blood pressures were highest in those of African descent, intermediate in Indians and men of Mixed origin, and lowest in Europeans. Age-adjusted fasting blood glucose concentrations were highest in Indians and lowest in men of European descent. Relative risks all-cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality increased progressively with increasing systolic pressure, whereas for fasting blood glucose concentration the association were U-shaped. No ethnic difference were about two and three times higher at 180 mmHg or more than at pressures below 130 mmhg. For blood glucose, all cause and cardiovascular mortality were about four times higher at fasting concentrations.7.7 mmol/i than in the lowest risk group (4.2-4.6 mmol.l). All cause population attributable mortality rates for systolic pressures of 130 mmhg or more were 1.3 to 2.8 times higher in Indian men than in other groups. For blood glucose in excess of 4.6 mmol/l, population attributable mortality was between 2.9 and 6.9 times higher in Indians than in other groups. The findings emphasized the high mortality in men of Indian descent, partly due to an apparent underlying predisposition to cardiovascular disease, and partly to their high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidade , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Região do Caribe , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
The presence of antibody to human T-cell leukaemia virus (HLTV-I) has been assessed in 2,143 men and women who represent 83% of all adults aged 35 to 69 years resident in a defined urban community in Trinidad. Individuals of African descent had a higher sero-positivity rate (7.0%) than those originating from India (1.4%), Europe (0%) or of mixed descent (2.7%). Women were infected more frequently than men, and the prevalence of infection increased with age in both sexes. Sero-positivity rates were significantly increased in adults who lived in housing of poor quality (p less than 0.001) or close to water courses (p less than 0.025). These data and others raise the possibility that one route of HLTV-I transmission may be via insect vectors under particular domestic circumstances.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Habitação , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Anticorpos Antideltaretrovirus , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/etnologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
A prospective survey has been undertaken of a total community of 1343 men and 1149 women, aged 35-69 years at recruitment, living in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. By comparison with adults of African descent, age-adjusted relative risks of death from all causes and from cardiovascular diseases were significantly increased in those of Indian origin (1.5 and 2.6, respectively) and reduced in those of mixed descent (0.5 and 0.3, respectively). Adults of European descent had an all-cause and cardiovascular mortality relative risk of 0.8 and 2.1, respectively. These ethnic differences in risk were not explained by systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose concentration, serum high-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein concentration, or smoking habits. Differences in risk of cardiovascular death between Indian and European men seemed to be accounted for by the high prevalence of diabetes in Indians (19%) but other ethnic contrasts in mortality were unrelated to diabetes mellitus.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Adulto , África/etnologia , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Europa (Continente)/etnologia , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Risco , Fumar , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
A prospective survey has been undertaken of a total community of 1343 men and 1149 women, aged 35-69 years at recruitment, living in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. By comparison with adults of African descent, age-adjusted relative risks of death, from all causes and from cardiovascular diseases were significantly increased in those of Indian origin (1.5 and 2.6, respectively) and reduced in those of mixed descent (0.5 and 0.3, respectively). Adults of European descent had an all-cause and cardiovascular mortality relative risk of 0.8 and 2.1, respectively. These ethnic differences in risk were not explained by systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose concentration, serum high-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein concentration, or smoking habits. Differences in risk of cardiovascular death between Indian and European men seemed to be accounted for by the high prevalence of diabetes in Indians (19 percent) but other ethnic contrasts in mortality were unrelated to diabetes mellitus (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Trinidad e Tobago , /mortalidadeRESUMO
Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in 300 men, aged 35-64 years, of African and Indian descent who represented a 40% sample of participants in a community survey of coronary heart disease in Trinidad. Free testosterone was calculated from total testosterone and SHBG. In 113 men, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were measured by a precipitation technique. Indian men had a significantly lower HDL-cholesterol concentration than African men (P = 0.003), which is known to be due to a reduction in the HDL3 fraction (demonstrable only in younger men in the subsample drawn for this study). Testosterone did not differ with ethnic group, but SHBG was reduced in Indians (P = 0.03). After allowance for age, ethnic group, alcohol consumption and smoking habit, HDL cholesterol was associated positively with SHBG (P = 0.025) but was not related significantly to either total testosterone or its free and bound components. Serum HDL2 cholesterol was associated positively and independently with SHBG (P = 0.001) and total and bound testosterone (P = 0.002), whereas HDL3 cholesterol showed no significant associations with these factors. Neither SHBG or testosterone afforded an explanation for the relatively low HDL and HDL3 cholesterol concentrations in Indian men.
Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Globulina de Ligação a Hormônio Sexual/análise , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto , África/etnologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Etnicidade , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Fumar , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
Triceps skinfold, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose concentration and serum lipoprotein concentrations were measured in 590 (80 percent) of 738 women aged 35-69 years resident within a defined area of Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. A triceps skinfold of 32 mm or more (the 70th percentile of overall distribution) was found in 36 percent of women of African descent and 28 percent of women of other ethnic origin. Respective figures for a BMI of 30.0 kg/m2 or more were 32 percent and 27 percent at ages 40 to 64 years. Obesity was associated with an increase in blood pressure, increased fasting blood glucose, LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride concentrations, and a reduction in HDL cholesterol concentration. Obese women had an increased tendency to a history of early menarche, multiparity and children of high birthweight. These findings suggested that, irrespective of ethnic origins, the effects of obesity on health in this female population resembled those in white N. American women.
Assuntos
Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Peso ao Nascer , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , VLDL-Colesterol , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lipoproteínas VLDL/sangue , Masculino , Menarca , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paridade , Gravidez , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Trinidad e Tobago , População UrbanaRESUMO
Triceps skinfold, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood/glucose concentration and serum lipoprotein concentrations were measured in 590(80 percent) of 738 women aged 35-69 years resident within a defined area of Port of Spain, Trinidad. A triceps skinfold of 32 mm or more(the 70th percentile of overall distribution) was found in 36 percent of women of African descent and 28 percent of women of other ethnic origin. Respective figures for a BMI of 30.0 kg/my or more were 32 percent and 27 percent at ages 46 to 64 years. Obesity was associated with an increase in blood pressure, increased fasting blood glucose, LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride concentrations, and a reduction in HDL cholesterol concentration. Obese women had an increased tendency to a history of early menarche, multiparity and children of high birth weight. These findings suggested that, irrespective of ethnic origins, the effects of obesity on health in this female population resembled those in white N. American women (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Obesidade , Trinidad e Tobago , Saúde da Mulher , Dobras Cutâneas , Região do Caribe , Obesidade , Mortalidade , Países em Desenvolvimento , Índice de Massa Corporal , Cardiologia , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
Triceps skinfold, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose concentration and serum lipoprotein concentration were measured in 590 (80 percent) of 738 women aged 35-69 years resident within a defined area of Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. A triceps skin fold of 32 mm or more (the 70th percentile of overall distribution) was found in 36 percent of women of African descent and 28 percent of women of other ethnic origin. Respective figures for a BMI of 30.0 kg per metre squared or more were 32 percent and 27 percent at ages 40 to 64 years. Obesity was associated with an increase in blood pressure, increased fasting blood glucose, LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride concentrations, and a reduction in HDL cholesterol concentration. Obese women had an increased tendency to a history of early menarche, multiparity and children of high birthweight. These findings suggested that, irrespective of ethnic origins, the effects of obesity on health in this female population resembled those in white N. American women (AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Saúde da Mulher , Dobras Cutâneas , Obesidade/mortalidade , Índice de Massa Corporal , Cardiologia , Etnologia , Trinidad e Tobago , Região do Caribe , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
A total population survey of serum lipoprotein concentrations was undertaken in an urban community in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, and the results compared with rural survey on the same island and a study of healthy adults in Bristol, England. Lipoproteins were separated with identical techniques and lipid determinations made in a common laboratory. In Trinidad, response rates for men and women were 93 and 88% respectively in the urban survey, and 89% in the smaller rural study. Mean concentration of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower and LDL cholesterol significantly higher in urban men than rural men. No urban-rural differences were found in women. In urban men under 55 years, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations were similar in Port-of-Spain and Bristol while VLDL triglyceride was relatively high in Trinidad. Distinct ethnic differences in lipoprotein concentrations were found in Trinidad. Indian men and women tended to have a low HDL cholesterol relative to other ethnic groups, while African men and women were characterized by relatively low concentrations of LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride. The reduction in HDL cholesterol of Indian men appeared to be due mainly to a relatively low HDL3 concentration. The results are consistent with reported regional, sex and ethnic differences in CHD incidence in Trinidad, and accord with statistics which show cardiovascular disease to have emerged as the major cause of death in this community.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Urbanização , Adulto , África/etnologia , Idoso , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Inglaterra , Europa (Continente)/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas VLDL/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
A total population survey of serum lipoprotein concentrations was undertaken in an urban community in Port of Spain, Trinidad, and the results compared with a rural survey on the same island and a study of healthy adults in Bristol, England. Lipoproteins were separated with identical techniques and lipid determinations made in a common laboratory. In Trinidad, response rates for men and women were 93 and 88 percent respectively in the urban survey, and 89percent in the smaller rural study. Mean concentration of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower and LDL cholesterol significantly higher in urban men than rural men. No urban-rural difference were found in women. In urban men under 55 years, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations were similar in Port of Spain and Bristol while VLDL triglyceride was relatively high in Trinidad. Distinct ethnic differences in lipoprotein concentrations were found in Trinidad. Indian men and women tended to have a low HDL cholesterol relative to other ethnic groups, while African men and women were characterized by relatively low concentrations of LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride. The reduction in HDL cholesterol in Indian men appeared to be due mainly to a relatively low HDL3 concentration. The results are consistent with reported regional, sex and ethnic differences in CHD incidence in Trinidad, and accord with statistics which show cardiovascular disease to have emerged as the major cause of death in this community (AU)