RESUMO
Submarine groundwater discharges (SGD) have been associated with important sources of nutrients between the land and oceans that can generate eutrophication conditions. This study aims to analyze the behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus using the mixing curve method, to examine the variation of the trophic state using the Karydis Index, and to evaluate the δ15N in benthic organisms to trace the origin of nitrogen in neap tide (November) and spring tide (January) in the Manatí Cenote, and Nohoch-Teek reef lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean. Nitrogen and phosphate enrichment was in the Manatí Cenote during neap and spring tides. This enrichment was particularly noticeable in the reef lagoon during low tides in the areas influenced by SGD. In the Cenote, differences in the nitrate trophic state were observed, indicating an eu-mesotrophic condition during neap tide and a mesotrophic condition during spring tide. However, no significant differences were observed for ammonium (oligo-mesotrophic), nitrites, or phosphate compounds (oligotrophic). The trophic state reef lagoon exhibited a similar pattern but with different spatial variations. In both systems, phosphorus was a limiting nutrient, while δ15N suggested anthropogenic nitrogen uptake by several benthic organisms.
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Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that causes a venereal disease in cattle limiting reproduction by abortions and sterility. The immune response against this parasite is poorly understood. Since the iron and calcium ions are important regulators of the microenvironment of the urogenital tract in cattle, we decided to evaluate the role of these divalent cations on the antigenicity of membrane proteins of T. foetus on macrophage activation as one of the first inflammatory responses towards this pathogen. Colorimetric methods and ELISA were used to detect the nitric oxide and oxygen peroxide production and expression of cytokines in culture supernatant from macrophage incubated with membrane proteins from T. foetus cultured in iron- and calcium-rich conditions. qRT-PCR assays were used to evaluate the transcript expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response on the macrophages. The membrane proteins used for in vitro stimulation caused the up-regulation of the iNOS and NOX-2 genes as well as the generation of NO and H2 O2 in murine macrophages on a dependent way of the metal concentrations. Additionally, after stimulation, macrophages showed a considerable rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines and a downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as up-regulation in the transcription of the TLR4 and MyD88 genes. These data suggest that membrane proteins of T. foetus induced by iron and calcium can activate an inflammatory specific macrophage response via TLR4/MyD88 signalling pathway.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Tritrichomonas foetus , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Camundongos , Gravidez , Cálcio/metabolismo , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Macrófagos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Tritrichomonas foetus/genética , Tritrichomonas foetus/metabolismoRESUMO
Rhipicephalus microplus is the most serious tick parasite for the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical regions. A cost-effective control method to manage the infestation of this parasite involves the use of chemicals such as ivermectin. However, massive overuse of ivermectin over recent decades has selected for ivermectin-resistant populations of R. microplus. Here, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of the midgut of ivermectin-susceptible versus ivermectin-resistant ticks using tandem mass tags coupled to synchronous precursor selection. In susceptible ticks, there was an over-representation of proteins associated with blood digestion and anticoagulation. In contrast, resistant ticks exhibited an over-accumulation of proteins involved in phase I and phase II of the detoxification metabolism, including cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferase, and ABC transporters, as well as many ribosomal and other translation-related proteins. This information provides new clues about the mechanisms of ivermectin resistance in R. microplus as well as suggesting potential novel molecular targets to cope with ivermectin-resistant populations of R. microplus. SIGNIFICANCE: Cattle farming is an important primary economic activity for food production all over the globe. However, this activity also has detrimental environmental impacts, including the overuse of ivermectin and other chemicals used to control parasite infestations. The overuse of ivermectin selected for parasites with resistance to this chemical, including tick species like R. microplus. There has been extensive to understand the mechanisms that mediate ivermectin resistance in arthropods, but many gaps remain for the full comprehension of this phenomenon. Understanding the biochemistry behind ivermectin resistance could provide new alternatives to fight these parasites. We therefore consider that determining the metabolic mechanisms involved in ivermectin resistance is of great relevance. The comparative proteomic analysis here reported shows the relevance of the active detoxifying metabolism in the midgut of resistant ticks, which may be key for the development of novel control methods.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Ixodidae , Rhipicephalus , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteômica , Rhipicephalus/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) has a tropical and subtropical distribution. In much of its range this species represents one of the most important fishery resources because of its high quality meat and market value. Due to this, this species is vulnerable to overfishing, and population declines have been observed in parts of its range. In recent decades, it has been established that knowing the level of genetic connectivity is useful for establishing appropriate management and conservation strategies given that genetic isolation can drive towards genetic loss. Presently the level of genetic connectivity between subpopulations of L. griseus of the southern region of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea remains unknown. METHODS: In the present study we analyze genetic structure and diversity for seven subpopulations in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean Sea. Eight microsatellite primers of phylogenetically closely related species to L. griseus were selected. RESULTS: Total heterozygosity was 0.628 and 0.647 in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean Sea, however, results obtained from AMOVA and R ST indicated a lack of genetic difference between the major basins. We also found no association between genetic difference and geographic distance, and moderately high migration rates (N m = > 4.1) suggesting ongoing gene flow among the subpopulations. Gene flow within the southern Gulf of Mexico appears to be stronger going from east-to-west. CONCLUSIONS: Migration rates tended to be higher between subpopulations within the same basin compared to those across basins indicating some regionalization. High levels of genetic diversity and genetic flow suggest that the population is quite large; apparently, the fishing pressure has not caused a bottleneck effect.
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Water quality in the Mexican Caribbean is affected by increases in tourism infrastructure and poor wastewater treatment. Additionally, karst geomorphology facilitates the infiltration of organic matter to subterranean water and coastal fresh water that originates from submarine groundwater discharges (SGDs), altering the environment. The tourism infrastructure grows at different rates along the Caribbean coast, characterizing zones with diverse levels of tourism impact. The aim of this work was to measure nutrient concentrations in superficial coastal water and fresh water to evaluate the water quality through different zones along a gradient from intermediate- (Riviera Maya) to low-tourism (Costa Maya) development regions. Furthermore, this study aimed to compare the measured nutrient concentrations with the Mexican ecological criteria of water quality 001/89 (CE-CCA-001/89), detect possible contributions by SGDs, and determine whether the nitrogen (N) sources are anthropogenic using stable nitrogen isotopes in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. According to the results, nutrient concentrations (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate) differed significantly between the Riviera Maya and Costa Maya (P = 0.0001). Sites such as Shambala, Chávez, Tankah, Mahahual 2, Tulum, Akumal, and Xahuayxol exceeded the upper levels set by the CE-CCA-001/89. Tankah, Shambala, and Chávez were influenced by SGDs. The nitrogen isotope ratio in Akumal and Tulum coast water shows that they are under N loading derived to the sewage percentage of δ15N in Akumal, Tulum, and Mahahual, showing that these sites suffer N loading due to sewage. Our study recommends continuous monitoring and coastal characterization to detect SGD and to regulate, treat, and dispose of sewage.
Assuntos
Água Subterrânea , Hydrocharitaceae , Poaceae , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Região do Caribe , Monitoramento Ambiental , México , Nitrogênio/análise , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Nutrientes , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Qualidade da ÁguaRESUMO
The recent expansion of the invasive lionfish throughout the Western Hemisphere is one of the most extensively studied aquatic invasions. Molecular studies have improved our understanding of larval dispersal, connectivity, and biogeographical barriers among lionfish populations, but none have included Mexican localities, an important area for the larval dispersal of Pterois volitans through the Western Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we present a genetic analysis of lionfishes collected along Mexican coasts, examining their connectivity with other Caribbean localities (Belize, Cuba, Puerto Rico) and the role of ocean currents on population structure. We collected 213 lionfish samples from seven locations comprising four countries. To evaluate genetic structure, mitochondrial control region and nuclear inter-simple sequence repeat markers were used. We found that lionfish collected along Mexican coasts show a similar haplotype composition (H02 followed by H01 and H04) to other Caribbean locations, and the H03 rare haplotype was not found. Haplotype composition in the southwest Gulf of Mexico suggests a discontinuity between the southern and northern areas of the Gulf of Mexico. The southern area clustered more strongly to the Caribbean region, and this is supported by the complexity of water circulation in the semi-enclosed region of the Gulf of Mexico. Mitochondrial genetic diversity parameters show small values, whereas nuclear markers produce medium to high values. Only nuclear markers highlighted significant genetic differentiation between the southwest Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region, confirming a phylogeographic break between both regions. Separate analysis of Caribbean locations indicates restricted larval exchange between southern and northern regions of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, potentially in response to regional oceanographic circulation.
Assuntos
Espécies Introduzidas , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Perciformes/genética , Animais , Belize , Região do Caribe , Cuba , Golfo do México , México , Filogeografia , Porto RicoRESUMO
Transcriptional regulation, determined by the chromatin structure and regulatory elements interacting at promoter regions, is a key step in plant responses to environmental cues. Nitrate (NO3-) is a nutrient signal that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we integrate mRNA sequencing, genome-wide RNA polymerase II (RNPII), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and DNase sequencing datasets to establish the relationship between RNPII occupancy and chromatin accessibility in response to NO3- treatments in Arabidopsis roots. Genomic footprinting allowed us to identify in vivo regulatory elements controlling gene expression in response to NO3- treatments. NO3--modulated transcription factor (TF) footprints are important for a rapid increase in RNPII occupancy and transcript accumulation over time. We mapped key TF regulatory interactions and functionally validated the role of NAP, an NAC-domain containing TF, as a new regulatory factor in NO3- transport. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive view of transcriptional networks in response to a nutrient signal in Arabidopsis roots.
Assuntos
Arabidopsis/efeitos dos fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Cromatina/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitratos/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Cromatina/efeitos dos fármacos , Cinética , Nitratos/metabolismo , RNA Polimerase II/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Although drug treatment is available, unpleasant side effects and increased resistance to the nitroimidazole family have been documented. Hence, there is a need for the identification of new and safe therapeutic agents against T. vaginalis. Antimicrobial activity of anthraquinone compounds has been reported by a number of authors. The genus Morinda is well known for the diversity of anthraquinones with numerous biological activities. A new anthraquinone, lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether, was isolated from the roots of Morinda panamensis Seem. The structure of the compound was determined by 1 H and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, in addition to comparison with literature reports. Using in vitro susceptibility assay, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether for T. vaginalis (1.32 µg/mL) was found similar to that of metronidazole concentration tested (6 µM = 1.03 µg/mL). In addition, this anthraquinone was capable of inhibiting the parasite's ability to kill HeLa cells and decreased proteolytic activity of the proteinase TvMP50 from T. vaginalis. This was associated with the decreased expression of the mp50 gene. These results demonstrate the trichomonicidal potential by lucidin-ω-isopropyl ether. Further action-mode studies are necessary to elucidate the antiparasitic mechanism of this new anthraquinone to develop a more potent antitrichomonal agent.
Assuntos
Antraquinonas/farmacologia , Antitricômonas/farmacologia , Morinda , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas , Trichomonas vaginalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Antraquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Antitricômonas/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células HeLa , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Trichomonas vaginalis/metabolismoRESUMO
Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis produces a malodorous seropurulent vaginal discharge due to several chemicals, including polyamines. The presence of 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (DAB) reduces the amount of intracellular putrescine by 90%, preventing the cotransport of exogenous spermine. DAB-treated parasites present morphological changes, which are restored by adding exogenous putrescine into the culture medium. However, the effect of polyamines over the trichomonad proteomic profile is unknown. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to analyze the polyamine-depletion and restoration effect by exogenous putrescine on T. vaginalis proteome. In the presence of inhibitor DAB, we obtained 369 spots in polyamine-depleted condition and observed 499 spots in the normal culture media. With DAB treatment, the intensity of 43 spots was increased but was found to be reduced in 39 spots, as compared to normal conditions. Interestingly, in DAB-treated parasites restored with a medium with added exogenous putrescine, 472 spots were found, of which 33 were upregulated and 63 were downregulated in protein intensity. Some of these downregulated proteins in DAB-treated parasites are involved in several cellular pathways such as glycolysis, glycolytic fermentation, arginine dihydrolase pathway, redox homeostasis, host cell binding mediated by carbohydrate, chaperone function, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Interestingly, the intensity of some of the proteins was restored by adding exogenous putrescine. In conclusion, the presence of DAB altered the proteomic profile of T. vaginalis, resulting in a decrease in the intensity of 130 proteins and an increase in the intensity of 43 proteins that was restored by the addition of putrescine.
Assuntos
Proteoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Putrescina/análogos & derivados , Putrescina/metabolismo , Espermina/metabolismo , Trichomonas vaginalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Proteômica/métodos , Putrescina/farmacologia , Vagina/química , Vagina/parasitologiaRESUMO
Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that can adapt to the trichomonicidal Zn2+ concentrations of the male urogenital tract microenvironment. This adaptation is mediated by molecular mechanisms, including proteinase expression, that are regulated by cations such as Zn2+. Herein, we characterized the previously identified 50kDa metalloproteinase aminopeptidase P (M24 family) member TvMP50 as a new Zn2+-mediated parasite virulence factor. Quantitative RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assays corroborated the positive regulation of both mp50 gene expression and native TvMP50 protein overexpression in the cytoplasm and secretion products of parasites grown in the presence of Zn2+. Furthermore, this active metalloproteinase was characterized as a new virulence factor by assaying cytotoxicity toward prostatic DU145 cell monolayers as well as the inhibition of parasite and secreted soluble protein proteolytic activity in the 50kDa proteolytic region by the specific metalloproteinase inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline and the chelating agents EDTA and EGTA. Parasite and secreted soluble protein cytotoxicity toward DU145 cells were reduced by treatment with an α-rTvMP50 polyclonal antibody. Our results show that the metalloproteinase TvMP50 is a new virulence factor modulated by Zn2+, which is present during male trichomoniasis, possibly explaining T. vaginalis survival even within the adverse conditions of the male urogenital microenvironment.
Assuntos
Metaloproteases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Trichomonas vaginalis/enzimologia , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Zinco/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografia Líquida , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Metaloproteases/química , Metaloproteases/genética , Transporte Proteico , Proteínas de Protozoários/química , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Vaginite por Trichomonas/parasitologia , Trichomonas vaginalis/genética , Trichomonas vaginalis/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/química , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: El Programa de Estancias Infantiles (PEI) se enfoca en padres de niños de 1-3 años en situación de pobreza. Incluye educación y cuidado de los niños por 8 h, 5 días por semana. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre el tiempo de permanencia en el PEI y el nivel de desarrollo infantil. Métodos: Estudio transversal de base poblacional en dos estados de México. Se incluyeron todos los niños de 12-48 meses inscritos al PEI de noviembre de 2014 a enero de 2015. Se evaluó el nivel de desarrollo con la prueba EDI. Se calculó la razón de momios de prevalencia (RMP) para desarrollo normal por tiempo de estancia, ajustado por sexo, edad y discapacidad, teniendo como referencia a los niños que tenían < 30 días en el PEI. Resultados: Se incluyeron 3387 niños de 177 estancias infantiles: 53% de sexo masculino; 22.3% de 12-24 meses, 37.6% de 25-36 meses y 40.1% de 37-42 meses de edad. El RMP ajustado para desarrollo normal fue de 1.90 (IC95%:1.30-2.78) para 6-11 meses, 2.36 (IC95%:1.60-3.50) para 12-17 meses, 2.78 (IC95%:1.65-4.65) para 18-23 meses y 3.46 (2.13-5.60) para > 24 meses. Por área de desarrollo, se observó una mayor probabilidad de desarrollo normal a partir de 6 meses de estancia para lenguaje y social, y a partir de 12 meses para motor grueso, fino y conocimiento. Conclusiones: El tiempo de permanencia en el PEI a partir de 6 meses incrementa, de forma significativa y progresiva, la probabilidad de tener un desarrollo normal independiente del sexo y edad.
Abstract: Background: Early education program (EEP) was created to support parents with 1 to 3 year olds living in poverty situation in Mexico, and includes education and child daycare for 8 h five days per week. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between length of stay in EEP and the level of development in children. Methods: Cross sectional, population-based study conducted in two Mexican states. All children aged between 12 to 48 months enrolled in EEP from November 2014 to January 2015 were included. Child Development Evaluation (CDE) test was used to screen early development in every child. Normal early development prevalence odds ratio (OR) was calculated adjusted by gender, impairment and state, using as a reference those children with less than 30 days in the program. Results: The study included 3,387 children from 177 EEP nurseries, from which 53% were male; age by group was divided in 12-24 months (22.3%), 25-36 months (37.6%) and 37-42 months (40.1%). Normal development adjusted OR by age was 1.9 (CI95%: 1.30-2.78) for 6-11 months, 2.36 (CI95%: 1.60-3.50) for 12-17 months, 2.78 (CI95%: 1.65-4.65) for 18-23 months and 3.46 (CI95%: 2.13-5.60) for >24 months. By area of development, a greater probability of having a normal result for language and social areas was observed after 6 months in the program, and for motor (both gross and fine) and knowledge areas after 12 months. Conclusion: The length of the stay in the EEP after 6 months significantly and progressively increases the probability of normal development regardless of gender and age.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Escolas Maternais/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidado da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Pobreza , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , MéxicoRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias en la cicatrización ósea y tejidos blandos en el maxilar inferior de pacientes sometidos a exodoncia de terceros molares incluidos después de la utilización del instrumental rotatorio de alta y baja velocidad. Material y métodos: Estudio de intervención tipo ensayo clínico cruzado, se efectuaron 40 extracciones dentarias (derechas e izquierdas) en 20 pacientes sanos bajo anestesia local, para lo que se formaron dos grupos: en el grupo I se utilizó la pieza de alta velocidad y en el grupo 2 la pieza de baja velocidad; se registró en una ficha el tiempo empleado en cada paciente y los datos clínicos preoperatorios y postoperatorios con relación a la inflamación, dolor, limitación de la apertura, cicatrización ósea y cambios periodontales a nivel de órganos dentarios adyacentes. Resultados: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre dolor, tiempo quirúrgico y en la profundidad al sondaje entre la pieza de alta y baja velocidad siendo la pieza de baja la que genera menor agresión a los tejidos blandos. Conclusiones: El adecuado empleo de la pieza de baja velocidad permite una reducción del tiempo quirúrgico proporcionando una mejor evolución postoperatoria a los pacientes.
Objective: To determine differences between bone healing and soft tissues in the lower jaw of patients subjected to impacted third molar extraction after using a high and low speed rotary devices. Material and methods: Crossed clinical assay-type intervention study. Under local anesthsesia, forty tooth extractions were performed (right and left) from 20 healthy patients. Two groups were thus formed: in group 1 high speed hand-piece was used, in group 2, low speed hand-piece was employed. Index cards were used to record time devoted to each patient as well as preoperative and postoperative clinical data related to inflammation, pain, opening limitations, bone healing and periodontal changes in the adjacent teeth. Results: When comparing high and low speed hand-pieces, statistically significant differences were found between pain, surgical time and probing depth; it was observed that low speed hand-piece generated lesser aggression to soft tissues. Conclusions: Accurate use of low speed hand-pieces allows a decrease of surgical time thus providing the patients with more suitable postoperative evolution.
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We studied the effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) administration to rats, during the perinatal period, on the fertility of F1 generation and on the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins in the uterus during early pregnancy. Pregnant Wistar dams (F0) received: BPA-L (0.05mg/kg/day), BPA-H (20mg/kg/day) or vehicle, from gestational day (GD) 6 to lactation day 21. F1 female pups were mated at 3 months of age and sacrificed at GD 1, 3, 6, and 7. Serum hormonal levels, ovulation rate, number of implantation sites and expression of TJ proteins in the uterus of F1 females were evaluated. BPA treatment induced no change in ovulation rate, but induced alterations in progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) serum levels, and in implantation rate. With regards to TJ proteins, BPA-H increased claudin-1 during all GDs; eliminated the peaks of claudins -3 and -4 at GD 3 and 6, respectively; and decreased claudin-7 at GD 6, ZO-1 from GD 1-6, and claudin-3 at GD 7 in stromal cells. BPA-L instead, eliminated claudin-3 peak at GD 3, increased claudin-4 and decreased claudin-7 from GD 1-6, decreased claudin-1 at GD 3 and 7 and claudin-4 at GD 7 in stromal cells. BPA-L also decreased ZO-1 at GDs 1 and 3 and increased ZO-1 at GD 6. Thus, BPA treatment during perinatal period perturbed, when the animals reached adulthood and became pregnant, the particular expression of TJ proteins in the uterine epithelium and reduced in consequence the number of implantation sites.
Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos/toxicidade , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Fenóis/toxicidade , Proteínas de Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Implantação do Embrião/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Lactação , Masculino , Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , Ratos Wistar , Útero/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early education program (EEP) was created to support parents with 1 to 3 year olds living in poverty situation in Mexico, and includes education and child daycare for 8h five days per week. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between length of stay in EEP and the level of development in children. METHODS: Cross sectional, population-based study conducted in two Mexican states. All children aged between 12 to 48 months enrolled in EEP from November 2014 to January 2015 were included. Child Development Evaluation (CDE) test was used to screen early development in every child. Normal early development prevalence odds ratio (OR) was calculated adjusted by gender, impairment and state, using as a reference those children with less than 30 days in the program. RESULTS: The study included 3,387 children from 177 EEP nurseries, from which 53% were male; age by group was divided in 12-24 months (22.3%), 25-36 months (37.6%) and 37-42 months (40.1%). Normal development adjusted OR by age was 1.9 (CI95%: 1.30-2.78) for 6-11 months, 2.36 (CI95%: 1.60-3.50) for 12-17 months, 2.78 (CI95%: 1.65-4.65) for 18-23 months and 3.46 (CI95%: 2.13-5.60) for >24 months. By area of development, a greater probability of having a normal result for language and social areas was observed after 6 months in the program, and for motor (both gross and fine) and knowledge areas after 12 months. CONCLUSION: The length of the stay in the EEP after 6 months significantly and progressively increases the probability of normal development regardless of gender and age.
Assuntos
Cuidado da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Escolas Maternais/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México , Pobreza , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The importance of hand hygiene in the prevention of health care-associated infection is well known. Experience with hand hygiene compliance (HHC) evaluation in hemodialysis units is scarce. METHODS: This study was a 3-phase, prospective longitudinal intervention study during a 5-month period in a 13-bed hemodialysis unit at a university hospital in Northern Mexico. The unit performs an average of 1,150 hemodialysis procedures per month. Compliance was evaluated by a direct observer and a video assisted observer. Feedback was given to health care workers in the form of educational sessions and confidential reports and video analysis of compliance and noncompliance. RESULTS: A total of 5,402 hand hygiene opportunities were registered; 5,201 during 7,820 minutes of video footage and 201 by direct observation during 1,180 minutes. Lower compliance during the baseline evaluation was observed by video monitoring compared with direct observation (P <0.05). Discrepancy between both methods was 29.2% (0.4%-59.8%); the average improvement in compliance during the study was 30.6% (range, 7.3%-75.5%). Global and Individual results for each subject revealed a statistically significant Improvement in the majority. Noncompliance according to WHO's 5 Moments for HH was greater for moment 5 (30.1%). We estimated that a health care worker in a hemodialysis unit could take 22-44.3% of working hours for proper hand hygiene compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted monitoring of hand hygiene is an excellent method for the evaluation of HHC in a hemodialysis unit; enhanced HHC can be achieved through a feedback program to the hemodialysis staff that includes video examples and confidential reports.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Observação do Comportamento/métodos , Retroalimentação , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Higiene das Mãos/métodos , Pessoal de Saúde , Unidades Hospitalares de Hemodiálise , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , México , Estudos Prospectivos , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
Polyamines are involved in the regulation of some Trichomonas vaginalis virulence factors such as the transcript, proteolytic activity, and cytotoxicity of TvCP65, a cysteine proteinase (CP) involved in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. In this work, we reported the putrescine effect on TvCP39, other CP that also participate in the trichomonal cytotoxicity. Parasites treated with 1,4-diamino-2-butanone (DAB) (an inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis), diminished the amount and proteolytic activity of TvCP39 as compared with untreated parasites. Inhibition of putrescine biosynthesis also reduced â¼ 80% the tvcp39 mRNA levels according to RT-PCR and qRT-PCR assays. Additionally, actinomycin D-treatment showed that the tvcp39 mRNA half-life decreased in the absence of putrescine. However, this reduction was restored by exogenous putrescine addition, suggesting that putrescine is necessary for tvcp39 mRNA stability. TvCP39 was localized in the cytoplasm but, in DAB treated parasites transferred into exogenous putrescine culture media, TvCP39 was re-localized to the nucleus and nuclear periphery of trichomonads. Interestingly, the amount and proteolytic activity of TvCP39 was recovered as well as the tvcp39 mRNA levels were restored when putrescine exogenous was added to the DAB-treated parasites. In conclusion, our data show that putrescine regulate the TvCP39 expression, protein amount, proteolytic activity, and cellular localization.
Assuntos
Cisteína Proteases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Putrescina/metabolismo , Trichomonas vaginalis/metabolismo , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Cisteína Proteases/genética , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Confocal , Proteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Putrescina/análogos & derivados , Putrescina/antagonistas & inibidores , Putrescina/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Trichomonas vaginalis/citologia , Trichomonas vaginalis/genéticaRESUMO
Spices are aromatic plants that have been widely used in Mexico to preserve or seasoning different foods, but have also been used as herbal remedies to cure some diseases. These culinary and medicinal properties of spices have been attributed to several food components, including phytochemicals. Among them, polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied for their effect against several chronic and degenerative diseases, probably due to their antioxidant activity. The study of the antioxidant capacity of Mexican spices may lead to new research on the potential benefits of these spices on human health. This paper analyzes the main studies on the potential beneficial effects of traditional Mexican spices on human health.
Las especias son plantas aromáticas que han sido utilizadas ampliamente en México para preservar o sazonar diversos alimentos, aunque también se han usado como remedios herbolarios para curar algunas enfermedades. Las propiedades culinarias y medicinales de las especias han sido atribuidas a diversos componentes, entre ellos los fitoquímicos. De estos últimos, los compuestos polifenólicos han sido ampliamente estudiados por el efecto contra enfermedades crónico degenerativas que se les atribuye, posiblemente por su capacidad antioxidante. El estudio de la capacidad antioxidante de las especias mexicanas abre puertas a nuevas investigaciones sobre los posibles beneficios de estas especias en la salud humana. El presente trabajo presenta las principales investigaciones sobre los potenciales efectos beneficiosos de las especias tradicionales mexicanas en la salud humana.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Plantas Comestíveis/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Polifenóis/análise , Alimentos , Humanos , México , Plantas Comestíveis/classificação , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Polifenóis/classificação , Especiarias/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To know the criteria which determine the chemoprophylaxis on pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and the impact in our environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis, identifying pregnant women with isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae on screening cultures, cervical swabs and urine culture. Two groups were analyzed, group 1 received chemoprophylaxis, and group 2 without chemoprophylaxis. Chi square was used to asses the difference between proportions. Chi square approximation to Poisson distribution was used to compare the means of neonatal infection. RESULTS: A total of 274 cultures were reported with GBS isolation, on 261 patients; 165 (60.2%) cervical swabs, 109 (39.7%) urine culture and 13 patients from 274 (4.7%) had positive culture on both specimens. Of this 261 patients, 53 (5.6%) received chemoprophylaxis during labor (p<0.05). The CDC criteria were followed accuracy on 29.2%. CONCLUSIONS: There have not been established criteria for screening colonization by GBS in Mexican pregnant women.
Assuntos
Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Infecções Estreptocócicas/prevenção & controle , Streptococcus agalactiae , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Internacionalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Conocer el criterio para la quimioprofilaxis en mujeres embarazadas colonizadas con Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB) y las repercusiones de la infección en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se identificó a mujeres embarazadas con SGB mediante el cultivo cervicovaginal y/o urinario en una revisión de cinco años. Se formaron dos grupos: con uso de quimioprofilaxis, el primero, y sin uso de la misma, el segundo. Con base en la utilización de la prueba de ji cuadrada se determinó la diferencia de proporciones. La aproximación de ji cuadrada para la distribución de Poisson comparó los promedios de la infección neonatal. RESULTADOS: Se notificaron 274 cultivos positivos para SGB en 261 pacientes; 165 (60.2 por ciento) cervicovaginales, 109 (39.7 por ciento) urinarios, y en 13 pacientes (4.7 por ciento) se obtuvo resultado positivo en ambos. De las 261 pacientes, 53 (5.6 por ciento) recibieron profilaxis intraparto (p< 0.05) y 29.2 por ciento se trató de forma correcta según los criterios internacionales. CONCLUSIONES: No existen criterios establecidos para la búsqueda intencionada de SGB en la mujer embarazada mexicana.
OBJECTIVE: To know the criteria which determine the chemoprophylaxis on pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and the impact in our environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis, identifying pregnant women with isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae on screening cultures, cervical swabs and urine culture. Two groups were analyzed, group 1 received chemoprophylaxis, and group 2 without chemoprophylaxis. Chi square was used to asses the difference between proportions. Chi square approximation to Poisson distribution was used to compare the means of neonatal infection. RESULTS: A total of 274 cultures were reported with GBS isolation, on 261 patients; 165 (60.2 percent) cervical swabs, 109 (39.7 percent) urine culture and 13 patients from 274 (4.7 percent) had positive culture on both specimens. Of this 261 patients, 53 (5.6 percent) received chemoprophylaxis during labor (p<0.05). The CDC criteria were followed accuracy on 29.2 percent. CONCLUSIONS: There have not been established criteria for screening colonization by GBS in Mexican pregnant women.