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INTRODUCTION: Scoliosis is a spine deformity diagnosed using Cobbs method when the AP X-ray view shows an angulation greater than 10º. Scoliosis exceeding 50º results in restrictive pulmonary alterations. Surgical management improves the angulation and the pulmonary restrictive process. The pre- and post-operative pulmonary function values were compared using spirometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 27 patients of both genders, ages 11-15 years, underwent corrective surgery using posterior instrumentation with sublaminar hooks, rods and posterolateral arthrodesis. Spirometry was done preoperatively and six months after the surgery. Patients without a postoperative spirometry and/or a postoperative episode of pulmonary infection were excluded. The pre- and postoperative Cobb index was calculated. Spirometry: lung function at forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Descriptive statistics, Student t test. RESULTS: Females, 78%; males, 22%; 13.7 ± 1.22 years. Cobb method 40 - 110º, preoperative angle 64.48 ± 17.79º and postoperative angle 30.44 ± 10.90º. There were no 0º values. Lung function: preoperative FVC for the values of the scoliosis curve (p 0.0001) and significant marginal FEV1 (p = 0. Baseline: 40.6-122.0%, mean: 76.3 ± 18.8%, postoperative: 40.75-112.6%, mean: 76.5 ± 16.8%. Preoperative FEV1: 39.8-111.59%, mean: 73.9 ± 16.8%, postoperative: 42.86-120.79%, mean: 69.7 ± 16.5. The difference was statistically significant, 0.064). CONCLUSIONS: The sublaminar hook system with a posterior approach provides improvement of the idiopathic scoliosis curve of adolescents assessed with the Cobb method. It stops the progression of lung function impairment, with a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second.

La escoliosis es una deformidad de la columna vertebral; se diagnostica por el método de Cobb presentando una angulación mayor de 10º en proyección radiográfica anteroposterior. Produce alteraciones pulmonares de tipo restrictivo en angulaciones mayores a 50º. Su manejo puede ser quirúrgico, mejorando la angulación y el proceso restrictivo pulmonar. Se comparó la función pulmonar pre- y postquirúrgica con espirometría.

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Resumen: Introducción: La escoliosis es una deformidad de la columna vertebral; se diagnostica por el método de Cobb presentando una angulación mayor de 10o en proyección radiográfica anteroposterior. Produce alteraciones pulmonares de tipo restrictivo en angulaciones mayores a 50o. Su manejo puede ser quirúrgico, mejorando la angulación y el proceso restrictivo pulmonar. Se comparó la función pulmonar pre- y postquirúrgica con espirometría. Material y métodos: 27 pacientes, cirugía correctiva mediante instrumentación posterior con ganchos sublaminares, barras y artrodesis posterolateral. Ambos géneros. 11-15 años. Espirometría prequirúrgica y postquirúrgica a los seis meses. Fueron excluidos quienes carecían de espirometría postquirúrgica y/o aquéllos con evento infeccioso pulmonar postquirúrgico. Índice de Cobb, pre- y postquirúrgico. Espirometría: función pulmonar, la capacidad vital forzada (VCF) y el volumen espiratorio forzado en un segundo (FEV1). Estadística descriptiva, t Student. Resultados: Femenino 78% y masculino 22%, 13.7 ± 1.22 años. Método de Cobb 40 a 110o; prequirúrgico, 64.48 ± 17.79o y postquirúrgico, 30.44 ± 10.90o. No hubo valor de 0o. Capacidad pulmonar: prequirúrgico VCF para los valores de la curva de escoliosis (p < 0.0001) y significativa marginal para FEV1 (p = 0; inicial 40.6-122.0%, media 76.3 ± 18.8%; postquirúrgico 40.75-112.6%, media 76.5 ± 16.8%. FEV1 prequirúrgico 39.83-111.59%, media 73.9 ± 16.8%; post­quirúrgico 42.86-120.79%, media de 69.7 ± 16.5. Diferencia estadísticamente significativa 0.064). Conclusiones: El sistema de ganchos sublaminares en abordaje posterior ofrece mejoría de la curva de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente evaluada por método de Cobb, detiene el progreso del deterioro de la función pulmonar, con mejoría significativa para el volumen espiratorio forzado en un segundo.

Abstract: Introduction: Scoliosis is a spine deformity diagnosed using Cobb's method when the AP X-ray view shows an angulation greater than 10o. Scoliosis exceeding 50o results in restrictive pulmonary alterations. Surgical management improves the angulation and the pulmonary restrictive process. The pre- and post-operative pulmonary function values were compared using spirometry. Material and methods: 27 patients of both genders, ages 11-15 years, underwent corrective surgery using posterior instrumentation with sublaminar hooks, rods and posterolateral arthrodesis. Spirometry was done preoperatively and six months after the surgery. Patients without a postoperative spirometry and/or a postoperative episode of pulmonary infection were excluded. The pre- and postoperative Cobb index was calculated. Spirometry: lung function at forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Descriptive statistics, Student t test. Results: Females, 78%; males, 22%; 13.7 ± 1.22 years. Cobb method 40 - 110o, preoperative angle 64.48 ± 17.79o and postoperative angle 30.44 ± 10.90º. There were no 0o values. Lung function: preoperative FVC for the values of the scoliosis curve (p < 0.0001) and significant marginal FEV1 (p = 0. Baseline: 40.6-122.0%, mean: 76.3 ± 18.8%, postoperative: 40.75-112.6%, mean: 76.5 ± 16.8%. Preoperative FEV1: 39.8-111.59%, mean: 73.9 ± 16.8%, postoperative: 42.86-120.79%, mean: 69.7 ± 16.5. The difference was statistically significant, 0.064). Conclusions: The sublaminar hook system with a posterior approach provides improvement of the idiopathic scoliosis curve of adolescents assessed with the Cobb method. It stops the progression of lung function impairment, with a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second.

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In recent years there have been an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies that show positive results regarding antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in dentistry. These include applications in periodontics, endodontics, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria present as biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a therapy based on the combination of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and appropriate wavelength visible light, which in the presence of oxygen is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce a series of photochemical and biological events that cause irreversible damage leading to the death of microorganisms. Many light-absorbing dyes have been mentioned as potential PS for aPDT and different wavelengths have been tested. However, there is no consensus on a standard protocol yet. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize the results of research on aPDT in dentistry using the PubMed database focusing on recent studies of the effectiveness aPDT in decreasing microorganisms and microbial biofilms, and also to describe aPDT effects, mechanisms of action and applications.

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An adult male Australian parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) presented a firm nodular lesion in the lateral metacarpal region of the right wing. Microscopically, there were neoplastic cells, round and polyhedral in shape, with abundant, slightly eosinophilic granular cytoplasm; they were strongly periodic-acid Schiff-positive and resistant to diastase digestion. Some groups of neoplastic cells were immunopositive for smooth muscle actin and desmin. There was no immunopositivity for S-100 protein, CD68 and cytokeratin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells were round and polygonal in shape, and they were characterized by abundant cytoplasm with numerous homogeneous osmophilic bodies covered by an electron-dense membrane (lysosomes). The histopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of the neoplastic tissue are consistent with a granular cell tumour, which has been described in different animal species and anatomic locations; however, this seems to be an infrequent neoplasm in Australian parakeets. The immunopositivity of the neoplastic cells for smooth muscle actin and desmin, as well as slight positivity for muscle with Masson's trichrome, suggest that this is a tumour of myogenic origin.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the responsiveness of the Brazilian version of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) and compare it with the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), the University of California Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), and the Short-Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) in patients with rotator cuff disorders. METHODS: The four questionnaires were administered to 30 patients at baseline and 3 months after treatment (physiotherapy or surgery). The patients were divided into two groups: those who improved after treatment (n=20) and those who did not (n=10) based on an anchor-based strategy to distinguish between the two groups and assess responsiveness. The t-test, the t-value of the paired t-test, the effect size (ES), and the standardized response mean (SRM) were calculated. RESULTS: All four questionnaires registered statistically significant changes (p<0.05) in the "improved" group between baseline and 3 months after treatment, and no changes in patients who did not improve. All four instruments showed higher ES and SRM values for the patients who improved than those who did not. WORC registered moderate to high ES and SRM values for the "improved" group, as did the UCLA and DASH. The ES and SRM values measured by the SF-36 ranged from small to large, the physical subscales being more responsive than the other subscales. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the WORC (like UCLA, DASH and SF-36 physical subscales) proved responsive to change and suitable for use in the short-term follow-up of patients after rotator cuff interventions.

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OBJETIVO: Realizar a tradução e a adaptação cultural do questionário WORC (The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index) para a língua portuguesa para ulterior validação no Brasil. MÉTODOS: O protocolo aplicado consistiu em: 1) Preparação, 2) Tradução, 3) Tradução de volta à língua original (retro-tradução), 4) Interrogatório Cognitivo e 5) Relato de Informações. Ao serem concluídas as etapas de tradução e retro-tradução, as versões foram enviadas para os autores do WORC original, que as aprovaram para continuação do estudo. A versão em Português foi aplicada a 35 pacientes com disfunções do manguito rotador para verificar o nível de compreensão do instrumento. A idade média foi 57 anos (DP=13), 63 por cento eram do sexo feminino e 74 por cento tinham nível de escolaridade de primeiro grau incompleto. A versão brasileira final do WORC foi definida após se conseguir menos que 15 por cento de "não compreensão" em cada item. Para análise das variáveis, foi utilizada estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS: Realizaram-se mudanças e substituições de termos e expressões para obter equivalência cultural do WORC. Alteraram-se também os termos "não compreendidos" pelos pacientes de acordo com as sugestões feitas por eles. CONCLUSÃO: Após a tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário, foi concluída a versão em Português do WORC que está em processo de validação para ser utilizada no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To accomplish the translation of WORC (The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index) into Portuguese and its cultural adaptation, for future validation in Brazil. METHOD: The protocol applied consisted of: 1) Preparation; 2) Forward translation; 3) Back translation; 4) Cognitive Debriefing; and 5) Information report. After concluding the forward and back-translations, the versions were sent to the authors of the original questionnaire, who gave their approval for the study to be continued. The Portuguese version was applied to 35 patients with rotator cuff dysfunctions to verify the level of understanding of the instrument. The mean age of these patients was 57 years (SD = 13); 63 percent were female and 74 percent had not completed elementary school. The final Brazilian version of WORC was defined after achieving a "no comprehension" rate of less than 15 percent for each item. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the variables. RESULTS: Some terms and expressions were changed or replaced to obtain cultural equivalence for WORC. The terms that were incomprehensible to the patients were changed in accordance with their own suggestions. CONCLUSION: After the translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire, the final Portuguese version of WORC was concluded and it is now undergoing validation for use in Brazil.

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Cryptosporidium is one of the microorganisms of main concern from the point of view of Public Health, being a priority problem for water treatment plants and water regulatory institutions. Due to its small size and resistance to chlorination, Cryptosporidium removal during the process of drinking water treatment is a hard task. The effectiveness of different coagulants commonly used in the process of removal of oocysts was analyzed. The technique used was the Jar Test. It was found that: 1) coagulants with the addition of polimeric coadjuvants produce over 2 logs of oocyst removal; 2) a low value in turbidity does not necessarily mean optimal parasite removal, and 3) the addition of polyelectrolites to ferric chloride diminishes variability, both in final turbidity and Cryptosporidium removal.

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Cryptosporidium es uno de los microorganismos de mayor interés desde el punto de vista de la Salud Pública y constituye un problema prioritario para las plantas y organismos reguladores de agua. Debido a su pequeño tamaño y a su resistencia a la cloración, la eliminación por el proceso de potabilización es una tarea compleja. En este trabajo se analizó la efectividad de distintos coagulantes utilizados comúnmente en tal proceso para lograr la remoción de los ooquistes. Se trabajó con la prueba de jarras (Jar Test). Se halló que: 1) Los coagulantes con agregado de polímeros coadyuvantes producen remociones de ooquistes superiores a 2 log. 2) Un valor bajo de turbiedad no asegura una remoción óptima de los parásitos. 3) La adición de polielectrolitos al cloruro férrico disminuye la variabilidad tanto en la turbiedad final como en la eliminación de Cryptosporidium.

Cryptosporidium is one of the microorganisms of main concern from the point of view of Public Health, being a priority problem for water treatment plants and water regulatory institutions. Due to its small size and resistance to chlorination, Cryptosporidium removal during the process of drinking water treatmentis a hard task. The effectiveness of different coagulants commonly used in the process of removal of oocysts was analyzed. Thetechnique used was the Jar Test. It was found that: 1) coagulants with the addition of polimeric coadjuvants produce over 2 logs of oocyst removal; 2) a low value in turbidity does not necessarily mean optimal parasite removal, and 3) the addition of polyelectrolites to ferric chloride diminishes variability, both in final turbidity and Cryptosporidium removal.

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Cryptosporidium is one of the microorganisms of main concern from the point of view of Public Health, being a priority problem for water treatment plants and water regulatory institutions. Due to its small size and resistance to chlorination, Cryptosporidium removal during the process of drinking water treatment is a hard task. The effectiveness of different coagulants commonly used in the process of removal of oocysts was analyzed. The technique used was the Jar Test. It was found that: 1) coagulants with the addition of polimeric coadjuvants produce over 2 logs of oocyst removal; 2) a low value in turbidity does not necessarily mean optimal parasite removal, and 3) the addition of polyelectrolites to ferric chloride diminishes variability, both in final turbidity and Cryptosporidium removal.

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Trabajo cuyo objetivo fue determinar el efecto de las etapas de coagulación y floculación en la eliminación de enteroparásitos en plantas de potabilización, así como comparar la acción de distintos coagulantes y polielectrolitos, utilizando la prueba de jarras. Para la operación de remoción se utilzó sulfato de aluminio, polihidroxicloruro de aluminio, y poliacrilamida, con casi igual efectividad en los resultados. Sin embargo, se alerta sobre la necesidad de optimizar las etapas de coagulación y filtración

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Se intentó optimizar la degradación de un residuo frigorífico por el sistema de barros activados, incorporando un liofilizado de bacterias y enzimas, para hallar un modelo matemático que la interprete. Se trabajó con reactor biológico aeróbico a escala de laboratorio, se realizaron ensayos con sistema convencional y con agregado de liofilizado al reactor

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The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo Tomé cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100% of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92% of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72% (< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31% (< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.

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The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo TomÚ cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100 of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92 of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72 (< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31 (< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.

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The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo TomU cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100 of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92 of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72 (< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31 (< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.(AU)

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The aim of this work was to determine Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels in surface water used either as recreational or drinking water source, and to estimate the relationship with bacteriological and physicochemical parameters determining water quality. This study was carried out during 22 months, in Santa Fe and Santo Tomé cities (Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Cryptosporidium from 100

of the recreational samples (44-2404 oocysts/100 l) and from 92

of water sources (< 20-539 oocysts/100 l) was detected, while Giardia was found in lower concentrations and frequencies: 72

(< 20-670 cysts/100 l) and 31

(< 20-65 cysts/100 l), respectively. Statistically significant relationships were found between these parasites and organic matter, turbidity and bacteriological indicators of contamination (Escherichia coli, streptococci, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These relationships, however, vary according to the sampling place, the source and levels of contamination.

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