RESUMO
A nationwide survey was conducted to obtain an estimate of Chagas disease prevalence among pregnant women in Ecuador. As part of a national probability sample, 5,420 women seeking care for delivery or miscarriage at 15 healthcare facilities were recruited into the study. A small minority of participants reported knowing about Chagas disease or recognized the vector. A national seroprevalence of 0.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.0-0.2%) was found; cases were concentrated in the coastal region (seroprevalence = 0.2%; 95% CI = 0.0-0.4%). No cases of transmission to neonates were identified in the sample. Seropositive participants were referred to the National Chagas Program for evaluation and treatment. Additional studies are necessary to determine if areas of higher prevalence exist in well-known endemic provinces and guide the development of a national strategy for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of Chagas disease in Ecuador.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Adulto , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Intervalos de Confiança , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Geografia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) polymorphisms and their influence on the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) in the Ecuadorian population. METHODS: The authors performed an analytic transversal case-control study. The study group (n = 39) consisted of patients with AD and dementia. The control group (n = 39) comprised elderly adults who have not been diagnosed with dementia and have the same age and education as the study group. Their inclusion period was from 2007 to 2008. Later on, after obtaining informed consent and after finishing a structural interview; the next step forward was to collect blood and extract DNA by standardized protocols. Besides, the authors performed polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique to determine the genotype of each individual. RESULTS: The authors found a positive association between ε4 and ε2 alleles of Apo E. The GPX1 gene shows an association of leu allele, whereas pro allele shows a negative association. The odds ratio test shows no significant relative risk. CONCLUSIONS: Apo E is not a risk factor, nor a protective one for AD, whereas the leu allele of GPX1 is a possible risk factor for the disease.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Equador , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Glutationa Peroxidase GPX1RESUMO
Resumen: El principal objetivo de este estudio consistió en determinar la prevalencia de polimorfismos de los genes Apolipoproteina E (Apo E) y Glutatión Peroxidasa 1 (GPX-l), y su influencia en el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en población ecuatoriana. Se realizó un estudio transversal caso-control. El grupo de estudio (n=39) estuvo conformado por pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer. El grupo de control (n=39) estuvo conformado por adultos mayores no diagnosticados con demencia y presentaron la misma edad y nivel de educación. El período de inclusión fue del 2007 al 2008. Para el análisis gen ético se extrajo ADN de sangre periférica en el cual se determinó el genotipo de cada individuo mediante la técnica PCR-RFLP. Se encontró asociación positiva de los alelos E4 y E2 del gen Apo E en individuos con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) con odds ratio (OR) de 2.40 y 2.58, respectivamente. El gen GPX-I demostró una fuerte asociación del alelo Leu con OR 5.05; mientras que el alelo Pro demostró asociación negativa con OR 0.27. Para concluir, el alelo Leu del gen GPX-I es un factor de riesgo para este trastorno neurodegenerativo.