RESUMO
Introduction: Older people are the group with the greatest digital gap, so their digital literacy is important to improve the conditions in which they age. Methods: A study was conducted with pre- and post-evaluation of a digital literacy (DL) intervention in people aged 60 years and over. A total of 56 participants (experimental group N = 32 and control group N = 24) were recruited for convenience in community centers. The intervention was adapted to the needs of the participants, there were five face-to-face sessions and remote reinforcement for three months, carried out by trained university students for five months. Sociodemographic variables such as self-perception of socioeconomic level and education, among others, were evaluated. The impact was assessed using the digital literacy scale (MDPQ16), indicators of frequency and types of internet and mobile phone use, health literacy (SAHLSA and NSV), quality of life (SF-12), hedonic well-being (Diener's SWLS and Cummins' PWI) and perceived social support using the Zimet scale. Results: The intervention had a significant impact with an effect size of r = 0.27 on digital literacy, separate t-test comparisons revealed a markedly significant change for digital literacy in the experimental group, before and after the pre-post t-test(31) = 3.56, p = 0.001, but not in the control group, t(23) = 0.082, p = 0.93. No direct impact on health literacy, health-related quality of life, and hedonic well-being was identified. We examined the indirect impact of change in digital literacy and found that it correlated with improvements in well-being and social support, as well as quality of life. Individuals with significant changes were detected and compared with those who did not change. Discussion: Evaluation that contributes by identifying elements for improvement in future interventions and discusses the importance of culturally adapting continuing education in older people.
RESUMO
El contexto global de la pandemia por coronavirus demandó un número creciente de enfermeras para cubrir las necesidades en el ámbito asistencial. También exigió abarcar sus otros roles, como el de educación y promoción de la salud en una población que requería ser empoderada en su autocuidado. Académicos de Enfermería con experticia, usando títeres en educación sanitaria, diseñaron un programa de obras online con el propósito de promover la salud de las familias reunidas, prevenir el COVID-19 y difundir el rol de Enfermería, apoyados por la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile), Colegio de Enfermeras de Chile y Servicio de Salud Talcahuano (Chile). Los procedimientos básicos, consistieron en escribir y transmitir 14 obras originales, las que fueron visualizadas por público familiar de cinco continentes; en vivo y en su versión grabada, con cobertura de medios nacionales e internacionales. Durante el proceso el equipo debió sortear diversas limitaciones relacionadas con el confinamiento y el manejo de la tecnología para generar el streaming. Los principales hallazgos destacaron más de 27.000 reproducciones y 4000 comentarios. El público consultado consideró positivo el mensaje de las obras y que la universidad transmita conocimiento usando títeres. La experiencia se presentó en eventos académicos y artísticos. Se concluye que los títeres permiten educar en salud de forma entretenida y permiten captar la atención del público de todas las edades. Las redes sociales facilitaron la cobertura de las obras, para una promover la salud y el rol de Enfermería sin fronteras.
The global context of the coronavirus pandemic demanded a growing number of nurses to cover the needs in the healthcare field. It also required covering their other roles, such as education and health promotion in a population that needed to be empowered in their self-care. Nursing academics with experience using puppets in health education, designed a program of online works with the purpose of promoting the health of reunited families, preventing COVID-19 and disseminating the role of nursing, supported by the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile), College of Nurses of Chile and Talcahuano Health Service (Chile). The basic procedures consisted of writing and transmitting 14 original works, which were viewed by family audiences from five continents; live and in its recorded version, with national and international media coverage. During the process, the team had to overcome various limitations related to confinement and the management of technology to generate streaming. Key findings highlighted more than 27,000 views and 4,000 comments. The consulted public considered the message of the works positive, and that the university transmits knowledge using puppets. The experience was presented at academic and artistic events. It is concluded that the puppets allow health education in an entertaining way and allow to capture the attention of the public of all ages. Social networks facilitated the coverage of the works, to promote health and the role of nursing without frontiers.