RESUMO
The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exerts strong effects on the immune-neuroendocrine network. On behaviour, LPS induces the symptoms of sickness behaviour. Otherwise, LPS challenge shares with psychological stress some common physiological adaptations. The proposal of this study was to analyse the effects of the LPS injection on the behavioural response in the shock-probe defensive burying test of two wild house mouse lines genetically selected for short (SAL) and long (LAL) latency to attack a conspecific. It is known that with previous exposure to stress, each of these lines exhibits behaviour in the burying test that is closely related to their different neuroendocrine patterns of response, with higher expression of burying in the SAL and immobility in the LAL mice. LPS (0.5 ml, 375 microg/Kg) or sterile saline (0.9%) was i.p. injected 3.5h before the beginning of the test. Non-injected mice were used as a general control of stress of handling and drug effect. The following behaviours were analyzed: defensive burying, immobility, rearing, grooming, exploration and jumping. The procedure of injection was found to be a stimulus that induced behavioural alterations in the SAL and LAL mice. Some behavioural changes induced by saline injection resembled that induced by LPS injection; in both lines an increase in immobility as well as a decrease in burying behaviour was observed. It is noteworthy that the LAL mice increased more their immobility than the SAL mice after saline or LPS injection, and the decrease in burying in the saline and LPS-injected mice was lower in the SAL than in the LAL mice. These results and others discussed in the text suggest that the active coping strategy of SAL mice and the passive coping strategy of the LAL mice, the hallmark of each line in the shock-probe burying test is present after psychological as well as LPS challenge exposure.
Assuntos
Agressão/fisiologia , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Estresse Psicológico/imunologia , Adaptação Fisiológica/genética , Agressão/psicologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Eletrochoque , Resposta de Imobilidade Tônica/fisiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Neuroimunomodulação/imunologia , Tempo de Reação/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Estresse Psicológico/genética , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
This work describes the cytopathic effect on cells, cytotoxic action on mice, and antiviral activity of cinnabarin. This substance had no effect on mouse neuroblastoma cells (NA cell, ATCC clone C-1300) at a concentration of 0.31 mg/ml, it was not able to cause toxic effects in mice at concentrations of 1000 mg/kg, and reduced by four times the titers of the rabies virus at concentrations of 0.31 mg/ml.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Oxazinas/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polyporaceae , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Masculino , Camundongos , Neuroblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Oxazinas/administração & dosagem , Oxazinas/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Vírus da Raiva/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Cell cultures of Mandevilla velutina have proved to be an interesting production system for biomass and secondary metabolites able to inhibit the hypotensive activity of bradykinin, a nonapeptide generated in plasma during tissue trauma. The crude ethyl acetate extract of cultured cells contains about 31- to 79-fold more potent anti-bradykinin compounds (e.g., velutinol A) than that obtained with equivalent extracts of tubers. Somaclonal variation may be an explanation for the wide range of inhibitor activity found in the cell cultures. The heterogeneity concerning morphology, differentiation, carbon dissimilation, and velutinol A production in M. velutina cell cultures is reported. Cell cultures showed an asynchronous growth and cells in distinct developmental stages. Meristematic cells were found as the major type, with several morphological variations. Cell aggregates consisting only of meristematic cells, differentiated cells containing specialized cell structures such as functional chloroplasts (cytodifferentiation) and cells with embryogenetic characteristics were observed. The time course for sucrose metabolism indicated cell populations with significant differences in growth and metabolic rates, with the highest biomass-producing cell line showing a cell cycle 60% shorter and a metabolic rate 33.6% higher than the control (F2 cell population). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis of velutinol A in selected cell lines demonstrated the existence of velutinol A producing and nonproducing somaclones. These results point to a high genetic heterogeneity in general and also in terms of secondary metabolite content.
Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais/genética , Bradicinina/antagonistas & inibidores , Brasil , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Linhagem Celular , Cromatografia , Meristema/citologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Fenótipo , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinais/citologia , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Sacarose/metabolismoRESUMO
Cell cultures of Mandevilla velutina have proved to be an interesting production system for biomass and secondary metabolites able to inhibit the hypotensive activity of bradykinin, a nonapeptide generated in plasma during tissue trauma. The crude ethyl acetate extract of cultured cells contains about 31- to 79-fold more potent anti-bradykinin compounds (e.g., velutinol A) than that obtained with equivalent extracts of tubers. Somaclonal variation may be an explanation for the wide range of inhibitor activity found in the cell cultures. The heterogeneity concerning morphology, differentiation, carbon dissimilation, and velutinol A production in M. velutina cell cultures is reported. Cell cultures showed an asynchronous growth and cells in distinct developmental stages. Meristematic cells were found as the major type, with several morphological variations. Cell aggregates consisting only of meristematic cells, differentiated cells containing specialized cell structures such as functional chloroplasts (cytodifferentiation) and cells with embryogenetic characteristics were observed. The time course for sucrose metabolism indicated cell populations with significant differences in growth and metabolic rates, with the highest biomass-producing cell line showing a cell cycle 60 percent shorter and a metabolic rate 33.6 percent higher than the control (F2 cell population). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis of velutinol A in selected cell lines demonstrated the existence of velutinol A producing and nonproducing somaclones. These results point to a high genetic heterogeneity in general and also in terms of secondary metabolite content
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Extratos Vegetais , Plantas Medicinais , Brasil , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular , Cromatografia , Meristema , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Fenótipo , Extratos Vegetais , Plantas Medicinais , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , SacaroseRESUMO
Although biocompatible polymeric compounds are generally nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and chemically inert, implants made from these materials may trigger acute and chronic inflammatory responses. These inflammatory reactions may induce degeneration of implanted biopolymer. Interactions between implanted biomaterial and inflammatory cells are mediated by many cellular events involving cellular adhesion and activation. We studied the inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro to samples of biopolymers composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-diethylene glycol terephthalate) plus 0, 5, 25% of polyethylene oxide. We observed that these biopolymers did not induce inflammatory responses when implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice for 28 days. However we observed deposition of hyaluronic acid at the surface of implanted biomaterial, suggesting that tolerance to biomaterial occurred after surgical implantation. No significant adhesion of inflammatory cells such as mononuclear phagocytes and peripheral leukocytes were observed in vitro, when poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-diethylene glycol terephthalate) blends were used as substratum to cellular adhesion. These results suggest that blends composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-diethylene glycol terephthalate) induce low inflammatory cell adhesion, since no rejection of biopolymer was observed when implanted in experimental animal models.