RESUMO
Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater through biochar is an alternative to build a sustainable circular economy and save non-renewable P reservoirs. The efficiency of cations in removing P from wastewater under different pyrolysis conditions is still lacking. We aimed at studying P adsorption and release from biochar enriched with Al3+ and Mg2+, prepared under air-limited and N2-flow pyrolysis conditions. Biochar samples were produced from pig manure (PMB) and impregnated, separately, with 20% of AlCl3 and MgCl2 solutions on both pyrolysis conditions. The materials were characterized for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nutrient content, ash, specific surface area (SSA), pore-volume, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX. Phosphorus adsorption was studied by kinetics and adsorption isotherms, as well as desorption. The biochar impregnated with Mg2+ and produced in the muffle furnace achieved the maximum P adsorption (231 mg g-1), and 100% of the adsorbed P was released in solutions of Mehlich-1 and citric acid 2%. The pyrolysis conditions had a small or no influence on the biochar properties governing P adsorption, such as chemical functional groups, surface area, quantity and size of pores, and formation of synthetic minerals. Therefore, it is possible to produce biochar without using N2 as a carrier gas when it comes to P adsorption studies. Mechanisms of P removal comprise precipitation with cations, surface complexation, ligand exchange reactions, and electrostatic attraction on the biochar surface. Overall, Mg-impregnated biochar is a suitable matrix to remove P from aqueous media and to add value to organic residues while producing an environmentally friendly material for reuse in soils.
Assuntos
Pirólise , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Animais , Carvão Vegetal , Fósforo , Suínos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Developing alternative green solutions for local and correct recycling of eggshells waste (ES) are needed by the egg-processing industries. In this study, we proposed transforming ES into a novel low-cost chemical compound named hydroxyl-eggshell (ES-OH) and investigated its capacity for arsenic (As) removal from aqueous solutions. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ES-OH doses, pH, kinetics, and isotherms on As removal efficiency. The kinetics study showed that ES-OH removed nearly all As from solution in less than 15 min. The pseudo-second-order model described the process, and the maximum As removal capacity predicted by the Langmuir isotherm model was 529 mg g-1. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), we found that the As removal mechanism by ES-OH was due to vladimirite precipitation, followed by weak electrostatic interactions between the precipitate and arsenate ions. Finally, after an economic analysis, we conclude that besides being a novel and economical income source, egg-producing companies might implement the ES-OH production process as a local environmentally-friendly way of recycling eggshells and reducing water As contamination.
RESUMO
Incorporation of phosphorus (P) into an organic matrix may be an effective strategy to increase plant P use efficiency in high P-fixing soils. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar-based fertilizers (BBFs), produced from poultry litter (PLB) and coffee husk (CHB) enriched with phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide, in combination with triple superphosphate (TSP) on plant growth and soil P transformations. Treatments were prepared as: TSP, CHB, PLB, CHB + TSP [1:1], CHB + TSP [3:1], PLB + TSP [1:1] and PLB + TSP [3:1]; with numbers in brackets representing the proportion of BBF and TSP on a weight basis. Cultivations were: Mombasa grass, maize, and common bean interspersed with fallow periods. After cultivations, a sequential extraction procedure was employed to determine P distribution among different P pools. A kinetic study was performed and revealed that TSP released approximately 90% of total P, and BBFs less than 10% in the first hour. BBF alone or in combination with TSP presented higher or similar biomass yields, relative agronomic effectiveness, and P uptake when compared with TSP. As for the soil, BBFs increased non-labile P fractions, which can be due to pyrophosphate formed during pyrolysis. According to these results, BBFs could totally or partially replace conventional soluble P fertilizers without compromising crop yield either in the short and long-term.
Assuntos
Fertilizantes , Fósforo , Animais , Carvão Vegetal , Fertilizantes/análise , Quênia , SoloRESUMO
Water-soluble phosphate fertilizers release phosphorus (P) to soils promptly, causing P fixation and low plant availability in highly weathered tropical soils. Therefore, the development of strategies to improve P use efficiency is needed. We hypothesized that biochar-based fertilizers (BBFs) can provide available P to plants and improve P use efficiency when compared with soluble fertilizers. Thus, triple superphosphate (TSP) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were pyrolyzed with and without magnesium oxide (MgO) and poultry litter to produce slow-release P BBFs. A pot experiment under greenhouse conditions was performed to evaluate agronomic efficiency of BBFs compared with TSP in an Oxisol. The treatments were incubated over 100 days after the application of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 of P. Three controls were used, including 200 mg kg-1 of P as TSP incubated for 100 days (named TSPincubation) and applied immediately before sowing (named TSPplanting) and a negative control (without P). Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) was cultivated in pots for three cycles of 40 days each. After cultivation, a sequential extraction procedure was used to determine the P distribution among different P pools. The shoot dry matter yield in the first cropping cycle was higher at the highest P rate for TSPplanting. PLB-H3PO4-MgO showed 9% increase in the shoot dry matter when compared with TSPincubation in the first cropping cycle. In subsequent cropping cycles, all BBFs promoted higher biomass yield when compared with TSPplanting. There was an increase in the labile and moderately labile P fractions in soil after cultivation with PLB-TSP. The results suggest that BBFs can enhance P use efficiency in tropical soils in the middle- to long-term run due to slow-release profile that prevent P fixation and promote higher residual effect of fertilization.
Assuntos
Solo , Carvão Vegetal , Fertilizantes , Fósforo , PoaceaeRESUMO
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Melanoma maligno é uma forma de neoplasia cutânea agressiva, que tem no diagnóstico precoce, probabilidade de cura. A metástase gástrica é uma situação pouco frequente na prática médica, sendo geralmente um acontecimento tardio na progressão da doença metastática, ocasionando retardo no diagnóstico. As lesões gástricas metastáticas respondem por apenas 7% dos casos, sendo raras no curso do melanoma maligno com prognóstico reservado agravado por graves complicações como hemorragia digestiva alta. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de melanoma gástrico metastático e uma breve atualização da literatura. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 85 anos, casado, branco, portador de melanoma cutâneo na face, ressecado havia um ano. Apresentou-se para consulta com hemorragia digestiva alta em forma de melena e anemia crônica. CONCLUSÃO: Na presença de sintomas aparentemente não relacionados ao melanoma cutâneo deve-se suspeitar de metástase. A fim de se obter um diagnóstico correto e precoce é essencial somar os dados obtidos no exame clínico aos aspectos endoscópicos e histológicos garantindo, assim, melhor prognóstico.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malignant Melanoma is a form of aggressive cutaneous neoplasm, however with probability of cure when diagnosis precociously. Rare the metastatic as gastric injuries are and, generally, delayed in the course of the malignant melanoma, answering for only 7% of the cases, what it causes retardations in the diagnosis. The private prognostic is aggravated by graves complications as, for example, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The objective of this study was to tell to a metastatic case of gastric melanoma and one brief update of literature. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 85 year-old, married, white, cutaneous carrier of melanoma in the face, dry had one year. One presented for consultation with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in form of melon and chronic anemia. CONCLUSION: In the presence of apparently unrelated symptoms to the cutaneous melanoma it must be suspected of metastases. In order to get a correct and precocious diagnosis it is essential to add the data gotten in the clinical examination to the endoscopic and histologists aspects being guaranteed, thus, better prognostic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Melanoma , Metástase Neoplásica , EstômagoRESUMO
Os autores relatam um caso de aneurisma sifilítico da aorta (ASA) que, após o advento da antibioticoterapia quando ministrada nos estádios iniciais da doença, é de pouca incidência. A presunção diagnóstica foi corroborada por aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos sugestivos, radiografia e tomografia computadorizada do tórax, sendo confirmado pelo anatomopatológico da peça cirúrgica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Penicilina G Benzatina , Sífilis Cardiovascular/diagnóstico , Sífilis Cardiovascular/fisiopatologia , Sífilis Cardiovascular/terapia , Diagnóstico por Imagem , IncidênciaRESUMO
Os autores relatam dois casos de pseudomassa pulmonar (PMP) - aparentemente os primeiros do Nordeste - com dupla finalidade para contribuir para o estudo do seu diagnóstico diferencial e fundamentar a utilização da punção aspirativa com agulha fina (PAAF) intratorácica na demonstração do agente bacteriano responsável. O reconhecimento da PMP foi obtido pelos exames de imagenologia, associados à aspiração de secreção purulenta na lesão em foco. Acredita-se que a PMP seja uma doença freqüente, cujo diagnóstico diferencial habitualmente fazemos com derrame pleural organizado, neurinoma da goteira costovertebral e seqüestração pulmonar intrabolar. Como procedimento de escolha para revelação dos agentes etiológicos presentes realizamos punção aspirativa com agulha fina (PAAF) intratorácica seletiva guiada por ultra-sonografia do tórax.
Assuntos
Humanos , Biópsia por Agulha/métodos , Abscesso Pulmonar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Notifica a ocorrência de um surto de esquistossomose aguda na praia de Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brasil, quando 662 pessoas tiveram diagnóstico positivo para Schistosoma mansoni. A infecçäo humana em massa ocorreu no feriado de 7 de setembro, quando chuvas pesadas provocaram a enchente do rio Ipojuca que invadiu as residências. A maioria dos casos agudos foi representada por famílias de residentes locais que tiveram exposiçäo diária às cercárias durante três semanas, até que as águas baixassem. O inquérito malacológico aponta para a possibilidade dos caramujos vetores terem sido introduzidos na localidade com os aterros realizados em quintais, onde vieram a se reproduzir em criadouros peridomiciliares. A infecçäo dos moluscos se deu a partir de vazamentos de fossas. Os resultados da clínica e do laboratóro apontam para cerca de 62 por cento de casos agudos. Estudos complementares estäo sendo realizados, para a melhor compreensäo deste evento epidemiológico de significativa magnitude para os órgäos de saúde pública e impacto para a populaçäo afetada.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças TransmissíveisRESUMO
Os autores fazem um relato de quatro casos de pneumonia eosinofílica aguda (PEA) com manifestações clínicas inespecíficas, como tosse, dispnéia, febre, além dos sinais físicos de consolidação pulmonar. O quadro clínico-radiológico se notabilizou por causa de não-resposta à mutabilidade. O diagnóstico foi baseado, principalmente, na não-resposta aos quimio/antibióticos, no padrão radiológico mutável, na eosinofilia sangüínea e na resposta terapêutica obtida na utilização de corticosteróides e cambendazol
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Corticosteroides/farmacologia , Cambendazol/farmacologia , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/diagnósticoRESUMO
As manifestações radiográficas torácicas da Embolia Pulmonar são: alargamento da artéria pulmonar hiliar, constituindo o sinal mais importante; a imagem de um vaso arterial terminando abruptamente, caracterizando o "sinal do nó"; dilatação da veia cava superior e da veia ázigo, representada pela diltação do mediastino; o "sinal de Westmark"caracterizando a presença de oligoemia do parênquima pulmonar, face a oclusão da artéria pulmonar segmentar ou lobar; imagem de consolidação na área do parênquima pulmonar comprometido, frequentemente resultado de hemorragia (hemosiderose local). A imagem de hipotransparência semelhante a um cone truncado, com base voltada para a pleura visceral e o ápice voltado para o hilo, imagem essa chamada de "Corcova de Hampton", quando existe, é sugestiva de Infarto Pulmonar. O volume do derrame pleural varia, podendo ser abundante; quando é de localização predominantemente infra-pulmonar, pode simular a elevação da hemicúpula diafragmática. Um quadro clínico-radiológico de cor Pulmonale evoluindo para a descompensação cardíaca, pode estar presente