RESUMO

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a rare and severe vasculitis that affects the glomerular and pulmonary capillaries and has an incidence of less than 2 cases per million individuals per year. Anti-GBM disease is mediated by autoantibodies against the α3 chain of type IV collagen. In the majority of cases, the autoantibodies are of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class, with rare cases being mediated by immunoglobulin M (IgM) or immunoglobulin A (IgA); there are less than 15 IgA-mediated cases reported in the literature worldwide. The classic form of this disease manifests with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), with or without pulmonary hemorrhage, and the diagnosis consists of identifying high titers of autoantibodies in the serum and/or deposited in the tissues. IgA antibodies are not identified in routine immunoassay tests, and renal biopsy with immunofluorescence is essential for diagnosis. We present a case of RPGN due to anti-GBM disease with linear IgA deposition, whose diagnosis was made exclusively by renal biopsy and with an unfavorable prognosis.

Assuntos

Doença Antimembrana Basal Glomerular , Autoanticorpos , Glomerulonefrite , Imunoglobulina A , Humanos , Doença Antimembrana Basal Glomerular/imunologia , Doença Antimembrana Basal Glomerular/complicações , Doença Antimembrana Basal Glomerular/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Glomerulonefrite/imunologia , Glomerulonefrite/patologia , Glomerulonefrite/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Masculino , Feminino

RESUMO

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a rare and severe vasculitis that affects the glomerular and pulmonary capillaries and has an incidence of less than 2 cases per million individuals per year. Anti-GBM disease is mediated by autoantibodies against the α3 chain of type IV collagen. In the majority of cases, the autoantibodies are of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class, with rare cases being mediated by immunoglobulin M (IgM) or immunoglobulin A (IgA); there are less than 15 IgA-mediated cases reported in the literature worldwide. The classic form of this disease manifests with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), with or without pulmonary hemorrhage, and the diagnosis consists of identifying high titers of autoantibodies in the serum and/or deposited in the tissues. IgA antibodies are not identified in routine immunoassay tests, and renal biopsy with immunofluorescence is essential for diagnosis. We present a case of RPGN due to anti-GBM disease with linear IgA deposition, whose diagnosis was made exclusively by renal biopsy and with an unfavorable prognosis.

RESUMO

This study aimed to describe the epidemiological indexes of mastitis, milk quality and udder hygiene in the Compost Barn system, as well as to search for associations between isolated pathogens from milk with compost characteristics. Three dairy herds participated in the study, and the samples were collected during different periods on each farm. Individual milk samples were collected in duplicate for SCC analysis and microbiological culture. Environmental pathogens caused most cases of clinical mastitis on farm 2, and contagious pathogens caused the most cases on farm 1. Bed moisture was not associated with the incidence of environmental pathogens. Most of the animals remained in good udder hygiene during the study. Poor udder hygiene contributed to the increased incidence of environmental pathogens in one of the farms. A higher number of animals with a hygiene score of ≥ 2 were observed during the warmer and rainfall periods. There was no association between hygiene scores and somatic cell counts. The results suggest that pathogens isolated from milk in animals confined in Compost Barn under tropical climate are like other confinement systems adopted elsewhere. The year period influenced the udder hygiene score, reinforcing the importance of bed management throughout the year.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os índices epidemiológicos da mastite, da qualidade do leite e da higiene do úbere em animais confinados no sistema Compost Barn, bem como buscar associações entre patógenos isolados do leite e características do composto. Três rebanhos leiteiros participaram do estudo e as amostras foram coletadas em diferentes períodos em cada fazenda. Amostras individuais de leite foram coletadas em duplicata para análise de CCS e cultura microbiológica. Patógenos ambientais causaram a maioria dos casos de mastite clínica na fazenda 2, e na fazenda 1 a maioria dos casos foi em decorrência de patógenos contagiosos. Amostras de material da cama foram coletadas em duas fazendas para análise da densidade bacteriana e da umidade. A umidade da cama permaneceu dentro da faixa de controle durante o estudo e não foi associada à incidência de patógenos ambientais. A maioria dos animais permaneceu com boa higiene de úbere durante o estudo. A falta de higiene do úbere contribuiu para o aumento da incidência de patógenos ambientais em uma das fazendas. Durante o período mais quente e mais chuvoso, um número maior de animais com escore de sujidade ≥2 foi observado em todos os rebanhos. Não houve associação entre escore de sujidade e contagem de células somáticas em qualquer uma das três fazendas. Os resultados indicam que o perfil de patógenos isolados do leite em animais confinados em Compost Barn sob clima tropical é semelhante a outros sistemas de confinamento adotados em outros lugares. O período do ano influenciou o escore de higiene do úbere, o que reforça a importância do manejo da cama ao longo do ano.

Assuntos

Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Leite/microbiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Mastite Bovina/epidemiologia , Compostagem

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate different air dosing strategies such as microaeration flow rates and air dosing points to enhance H2S removal in microaerobic systems treating low-strength wastewaters. Efficiency and stability of the reactors, as well as biogas quality, were assessed, and microbial community changes were evaluated using the PCR-DGGE technique. The results showed that the air dosing point affected the H2S concentration and that air dosing at the headspace promoted the highest H2S removal efficiency. The airflow rate also affected the process, since H2S concentration in the biogas was higher at 0.1 mL air.min-1 than at 0.3 mL air.min-1. The methane concentration in the biogas was also affected by both air dosing point and flow rate, since the lowest value was observed at the highest airflow rate of the headspace dosing point, due to dilution by the N2 influx applied to the system. The highest productivity and operational efficiency were observed at this air dosing point, with this airflow (HD0.3), which corroborates with the operational results and the ecological parameters, since the microaeration at this stage promoted high bacterial and archaeal species richness and diversity, optimum functional organization, high COD and H2S removal efficiencies.

Assuntos

Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Águas Residuárias , Biocombustíveis , Reatores Biológicos , Metano

RESUMO

The aims of this study were (1) to assess if there is phenotypical divergence for feed efficiency (FE) during the preweaning phase; (2) if FE is correlated with heat production (HP) measured by the face mask method or (3) by surface skin temperature via thermography, and (4) whether these methods are applicable to preweaned calves. Holstein × Gyr heifer calves (n = 36, birth body weight = 32.4 ± 6.6 kg) were enrolled and on trial between 4 and 12 wk of age and were classified into 2 residual feed intake (RFI) and residual body weight gain (RG) groups: high efficiency (HE; RFI, n = 10; and RG, n = 9) and low efficiency (LE; RFI, n = 10; and RG, n = 8). Calves were fed milk (6 L/d) and solid feed (95% starter and 5% chopped Tifton 85 hay, as fed). Growth was monitored weekly and feed intake (milk and solid feed) daily, during the whole period. Gas exchanges (O2 consumption and production of CO2 and CH4) were obtained using a face mask at 45 ± 5 d of age and HP was estimated. Maximum temperatures were measured at 7 sites with an infrared camera at 62 ± 7 d of age. There was divergence in RFI and RG. Respectively, HE and LE calves had RFI of -0.14 and 0.13 kg/d, and RG of 0.05 and -0.07 kg/d. Dry matter intake was 15% lower in HE-RFI compared with LE-RFI, but no differences were observed in average daily weight gain. Within the RG test, no differences were observed in dry matter intake or average daily gain. The HE-RFI calves consumed less O2 (L/d) and produced less CO2 (L/d). Heart rate and HP were lower for HE-RFI calves compared with LE-RFI. Residual feed intake was correlated with HP (r = 0.48), O2 consumption (r = 0.48), CO2 production (r = 0.48), and heart rate (r = 0.40). No differences were observed in HP and gas exchanges between RG groups. Methane production was null in both groups. Eye temperature measured by thermography was 0.5°C greater in HE-RG than LE-RG calves. Differences in skin temperature between HE and LE calves were not observed at the other sites. These results support the hypothesis that calves are divergent for RFI, RG, and FE during preweaning and divergence tests are applicable during this phase. The face mask method described here is a useful tool for estimating differences in HP among phenotypically divergent RFI calves. Eye temperature measured by infrared thermography may have potential to screen phenotypically divergent RG calves.

Assuntos

Bovinos/fisiologia , Termogênese , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Temperatura Corporal , Dieta/veterinária , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Masculino , Leite/metabolismo , Termografia , Desmame , Aumento de Peso

RESUMO

Classification using a scale of visual notes is a strategy used to select erect bean plants in order to improve bean plant architectures. Use of morphological traits associated with the phenotypic expression of bean architecture in classification procedures may enhance selection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as auxiliary tools in the improvement of bean plant architecture. Data from 19 lines were evaluated for 22 traits, in 2007 and 2009 winter crops. Hypocotyl diameter and plant height were selected for analysis through ANNs. For classification purposes, these lines were separated into two groups, determined by the plant architecture notes. The predictive ability of ANNs was evaluated according to two scenarios to predict the plant architecture - training with 2007 data and validating in 2009 data (scenario 1), and vice versa (scenario 2). For this, ANNs were trained and validated using data from replicates of the evaluated lines for hypocotyl diameter individually, or together with the mean height of plants in the plot. In each scenario, the use of data from replicates or line means was evaluated for prediction through previously trained and validated ANNs. In both scenarios, ANNs based on hypocotyl diameter and mean height of plants were superior, since the error rates obtained were lower than those obtained using hypocotyl diameter only. Lower apparent error rates were verified in both scenarios for prediction when data on the means of the evaluated traits were submitted to better trained and validated ANNs.

Assuntos

Glycine max/genética , Redes Neurais de Computação , Fenótipo , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Hipocótilo/genética , Hipocótilo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Modelos Genéticos , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Glycine max/anatomia & histologia

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Although the regular replacement of clotting factor concentrates (prophylaxis) has been well established as the standard of care for severe haemophilia, the high cost of factor concentrates has limited access to prophylaxis in countries with under-developed or developing economies. AIMS: We studied the health gap that could be addressed by providing unlimited access to clotting factor concentrates with implementation of long-term prophylaxis initiated from an early age in life. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of a random, representative sample of boys with moderate and severe haemophilia at three haemophilia treatment centres in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and one centre in Toronto, Canada. RESULTS: Canadian subjects were more often treated with prophylaxis, and began treatment at an earlier age. Fewer Canadian subjects had bleeds within the preceding 6 months (19 vs. 34, P = 0.003). Canadian subjects had lower (better) Pettersson radiographic scores (1.5 vs. 6.0, P = 0.0016), lower (better) Hemophilia Joint Health Scores (5.5 vs. 10.5, P = 0.0038), higher (better) Activity Scale for Kids scores (96.6 vs. 92.0, P = 0.033), more time spent in vigorous activity, and higher (better) social participation scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increasing access to clotting factor concentrates for young boys with severe haemophilia is a global imperative.

Assuntos

Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Países em Desenvolvimento , Recursos em Saúde , Hemofilia A/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Hemofilia A/diagnóstico , Hemofilia A/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Índice de Gravidade de Doença

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anthropometric parameters are closely associated with the pathophysiology of frailty and with clinic and functional parameters assessed for its diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible association of the nutritional status of older people as assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and functional disability, self-reported chronic diseases and frailty, comparing the use of two different classifications of BMI. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The sample was selected among community-dwelling older people from the city of Ribeirão Preto/ Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 326 independent older people (mean age 73.8±6.4 years) who participated in the FIBRA (Frailty in Brazilian Older People) study. MEASUREMENTS: Weight and height were collected for BMI analysis and frailty criteria were applied according to Fried et al. Participants were also evaluated for self-reported activities of daily living (Katz Index and Lawton and Brody Scale), and the presence of chronic diseases. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty was 12.3%. Regardless of the classification of BMI applied, most of the sample was classified as overweight (50.9% and 39.3% in the Lipschitz and WHO classifications, respectively). For both classifications, low weight was the only BMI classification associated with frailty status (OR Lipschitz: 4.12(1.53-11.14); OR WHO: 6.21 (1.26-30.58). Comorbidities and dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) were associated with BMI ≥ 30kg.m2. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the classification adopted, low weight is associated with frailty. However, when the WHO stratification is employed, high BMI is also associated to increased functional disability and the presence of comorbidities, coexisting factors of frailty.

Assuntos

Índice de Massa Corporal , Avaliação Geriátrica , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria/métodos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica/classificação , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Vida Independente/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Prevalência , Estatística como Assunto

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Viscosupplementation can improve function in haemophilia patients. Viscosupplementation results can be improved by prior joint lavage and triamcinolone administration. AIM: To objectively assess whether viscosupplementation and associated triamcinolone use in patients with severe haemophilic arthropathy following joint lavage improves force and balance and reduces bleeding events. METHODS: Fourteen patients with haemophilic knee arthritis with and without the involvement of other joints underwent joint lavage and subsequent injections of Hylan G-F20 and triamcinolone into all affected joints. Patients were evaluated with NeuroCom® force and balance platforms using the step-up-and-over task (STP), sit-to-stand test (STS), one-leg stance (UNI) and weight-bearing squat (WBS) at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure. Bleeding events in the year prior to and the year after the procedure were analysed. RESULTS: Sixteen knees, 15 ankles, eight elbows and one shoulder were treated. The STP results indicated improvements in the lift-up indices (right leg) at all time points evaluated (P = 0.03). The STS results revealed coupled improvement in weight transfer and the rising index for up to a year (P = 0.02). Balance (UNI) with eyes open or closed improved in all evaluations. The WBS results revealed improvements at all degrees of flexion (0, P = 0.003; 30°, P = 0.001; 60°, P < 0.001 and 90°, P < 0.001). The numbers of total and traumatic bleeding events were reduced (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Joint lavage followed by injections of triamcinolone and Hylan G-F20 improved balance, function and bleeding events in severe haemophilic arthropathy patients.

Assuntos

Hemartrose/complicações , Hemofilia A/tratamento farmacológico , Triancinolona/uso terapêutico , Viscossuplementação/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Triancinolona/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

In this study, conducted in two different seasons, we aimed to choose parents to obtain promising segregating populations for the extraction of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines that are superior in terms of disease resistance, plant architecture, and grain yield. Twelve parents were arranged in two groups to compose a partial diallel in a 5 x 7 scheme. Group 1 was composed of parents with black grains and erect plant architecture, while group 2 was composed of parents that had carioca grains and were resistant to the main fungal diseases that occur in the common bean. The following traits were evaluated: severity of angular leaf spot (ALS), plant architecture (PAG), and grain yield (YIELD). The data were analyzed according to a partial diallel model using parents and F1 hybrids. In the genetic control of ALS and PAG, additive effects were predominant, while for YIELD, additive effects were predominant in one season and dominance effects were in another season, because it is a more complex trait than ALS and PAG. For YIELD, we observed an interaction between general combining ability and specific combining ability between seasons. The genes that control ALS, PAG, and YIELD were in eight of the 12 parents evaluated in the diallel. The cultivar 'BRS Estilo' is suitable to use as a parent in common bean breeding in terms of ALS, PAG and YIELD. Recurrent selection is the most recommended option for simultaneously breeding for PAG, YIELD, and resistance to angular leaf spot in bean culture.

Assuntos

Alelos , Genes de Plantas , Phaseolus/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Sementes/genética , Brasil , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Resistência à Doença/genética , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fungos/patogenicidade , Ligação Genética , Padrões de Herança , Phaseolus/anatomia & histologia , Phaseolus/imunologia , Phaseolus/microbiologia , Fenótipo , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Estações do Ano , Sementes/anatomia & histologia , Sementes/imunologia

RESUMO

Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) are a valuable resource for building genetic linkage maps. The presence of genetic variability in the RILs is essential for detecting associations between molecular markers and loci controlling agronomic traits of interest. The main goal of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity of a common bean RIL population derived from a cross between Rudá (Mesoamerican gene pool) and AND 277 (Andean gene pool). This population was developed by the single seed descent method from 500 F2 plants until the F10 generation. Seven quantitative traits were evaluated in the field in 393 RILs, the parental lines, and five control cultivars. The plants were grown using a randomized block design with additional controls and three replicates. Significant differences were observed among the RILs for all evaluated traits (P < 0.01). A comparison of the RILs and parental lines showed significant differences (P < 0.01) for the number of days to flowering (DFL) and to harvest (DH), productivity (PROD) and mass of 100 beans (M100); however, there were no significant differences for plant architecture, degree of seed flatness, or seed shape. These results indicate the occurrence of additive x additive epistatic interactions for DFL, DH, PROD, and M100. The 393 RILs were shown to fall into 10 clusters using Tocher's method. This RIL population clearly contained genetic variability for the evaluated traits, and this variability will be crucial for future studies involving genetic mapping and quantitative trait locus identification and analysis.

Assuntos

Phaseolus/genética , Epistasia Genética , Genes de Plantas , Loci Gênicos , Variação Genética , Phaseolus/anatomia & histologia , Phaseolus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenótipo , Melhoramento Vegetal , Locos de Características Quantitativas

RESUMO

We aimed to evaluate 40 common bean cultivars recommended by various Brazilian research institutions between 1970 and 2013 and estimate the genetic progress obtained for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Additionally, we proposed a bi-segmented nonlinear regression model to infer the year in which breeding began to show significant gains in Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Viçosa/MG and Coimbra/MG, in the dry and winter seasons of 2013. For this, a randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. The following traits were evaluated: number of pods per plant (NPP); number of seeds per pod (NSP); 1000-seed weight (W1000); grain yield (Yield); plant architecture (Arch); and grain aspect (GA). Genotypic means were estimated over years using linear mixed models, and genetic gains were estimated using bi-segmented nonlinear regression models. In summary, the methodology proposed in the present study indicated that bean breeding programs in Brazil began to influence Yield beginning in 1990, resulting in a gain of 6.74% per year (68.15 kg/ha per year). The years from which estimated genetic progress for NPP (5.62% per year), NSP (4.59% per year), W1000 (2.08% per year), and GA (1.36% per year) began to increase were 1994, 1990, 1989, and 1986, respectively.

Assuntos

Evolução Molecular , Phaseolus/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Brasil , Produtos Agrícolas , Estações do Ano , Sementes

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: It is essential to assess the health-related quality of life outcomes of boys with haemophilia in Brazil. The Canadian Haemophilia Outcomes-Kids Life Assessment Tool (CHO-KLAT) was recently adapted for this population. AIM: To test the construct validity of the Portuguese version of the CHO-KLAT. METHODS: We recruited 50 boys, with moderate [factor VIII (FVIII) level 1-5%] or severe (FVIII level <1%) haemophilia, to participate in a descriptive study to establish a baseline understanding of the current status of boys with haemophilia in Brazil. All boys were required to complete the Brazilian CHO-KLAT and Brazilian Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) by self-report. We examined the correlation between the CHO-KLAT and PedsQL scores to establish the construct validity of the Brazilian version of the CHO-KLAT. RESULTS: We obtained CHO-KLAT and PedsQL data from 35 boys with severe haemophilia and 15 with moderate haemophilia. They ranged in age from 7.3 to 18.0 years, with a mean of 13.0 years. They reported a mean CHO-KLAT score of 72.3 (range = 44.1-93.9). The mean PedsQL score was 79.9 (range = 45.7-96.7), with physical health (mean of 83.9) being better than psychosocial health (77.8). The Pearson's correlation between CHO-KLAT and PedsQL was 0.47 respectively (P < 0.001). The CHO-KLAT had a moderate and inverse relationship with the degree to which they were bothered by their haemophilia (ρ = -0.53), while the PedsQL had a weaker relationship (ρ = -0.27). CONCLUSION: The results confirm the validity of the Portuguese version of the CHO-KLAT. This measure is now available for clinical trials in boys with haemophilia in Brazil.

Assuntos

Hemofilia A/tratamento farmacológico , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida

RESUMO

This study evaluated the performance and estimated the genetic potential of segregating populations of red bean. Twenty populations of the second cycle of recurrent selection for red bean breeding at Universidade Federal de Viçosa were advanced to the F5 generation in bulk with selection for grain appearance. Populations plus five controls were evaluated for grain yield in three dry seasons (2004, 2005, and 2007) in a 5 x 5 lattice design with three replications, in four 4-m long rows. In the mean of the three crops, populations formed three distinct groups in which some populations had a clearly superior grain yield. Populations 288RVCI, 291RVCI, 295RVCI, 297RVCI, 300RVCI, and 303RVCI were the most promising. Over generations, segregating populations by the bulk method with selection for grain appearance may have reduced variability in grain yield. The 300RVCI population deserves further attention as it combines variability, high mean, and a high probability of generating above-standard lines.

Assuntos

Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Fabaceae/genética , Genética Populacional , Cruzamento , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Fibras na Dieta , Fabaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between sarcopenia and "chair stand test" performance, and evaluate this test as a screening tool for sarcopenia in community-dwelling elderly women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional Survey. PARTICIPANTS: 173 female individuals, aged ≥ 60 years and living in the urban area of the municipality of Lafaiete Coutinho, Bahia's inland, Brazil. MEASUREMENTS: The association between sarcopenia (defined by muscle mass, strength and/or performance loss) and performance in the "chair stand test" was tested by binary logistic regression technique. The ROC curve parameters were used to evaluate the diagnostic power of the test in sarcopenia screening. The significance level was set at 5 %. RESULTS: The model showed that the time spent for the "chair stand test" was positively associated (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.01 - 1.16, p = 0.024) to sarcopenia, indicating that, for each 1 second increment in the test performance, the sarcopenia's probability increased by 8% in elderly women. The cut-off point that showed the best balance between sensitivity and specificity was 13 seconds. CONCLUSION: The performance of "chair stand test" showed predictive ability for sarcopenia, being an effective and simple screening tool for sarcopenia in elderly women. This test could be used for screening sarcopenic elderly women, allowing early interventions.

Assuntos

Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Movimento , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Razão de Chances , Resistência Física , Curva ROC , Valores de Referência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade

RESUMO

Understanding how Sclerotinia sclerotiorum aggressiveness varies among isolates may be useful for breeding programs aimed at developing common bean cultivars resistant to white mold. The aggressiveness of 20 S. sclerotiorum isolates collected in common bean fields from four Brazilian states was tested against two common bean genotypes (Pérola and A195) using two inoculation methods. The isolates were characterized using 10 microsatellite (SSR) loci, mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs), partial sequences of the oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH) gene, and morphological traits. Twenty SSR and seven OAH haplotypes, 10 MCGs, and high variability in colony morphology were found. One isolate was more aggressive when inoculated on plants of the genotype A195, but all other isolates had similar aggressiveness. Aggressiveness was not related with MCGs, SSR, OAH haplotypes, mycelial pigmentation, growth rate, or sclerotia production.

RESUMO

Cultivars of common bean with more erect plant architecture and greater tolerance to degree of lodging are required by producers. Thus, to evaluate the potential of hypocotyl diameter (HD) in family selection for plant architecture improvement of common bean, the HDs of 32 F2 plants were measured in 3 distinct populations, and the characteristics related to plant architecture were analyzed in their progenies. Ninety-six F2:3 families and 4 controls were evaluated in a randomized block design, with 3 replications, analyzing plant architecture grade, HD, and grain yield during the winter 2010 and drought 2011 seasons. We found that the correlation between the HD of F2 plants and traits related to plant architecture of F2:3 progenies were of low magnitude compared to the estimates for correlations considering the parents, indicating a high environmental influence on HD in bean plants. There was a predominance of additive genetic effects on the determination of hypocotyl diameter, which showed higher precision and accuracy compared to plant architecture grade. Thus, this characteristic can be used to select progenies in plant architecture improvement of common beans; however, selection must be based on the means of at least 39 plants in the plot, according to the results of repeatability analysis.

Assuntos

Hipocótilo/anatomia & histologia , Phaseolus/anatomia & histologia , Análise de Variância , Secas , Fenótipo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estações do Ano

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to select genitors based on F1 and F2 generations, evaluated in different environments, to obtain segregating populations for the identification of strains showing improved earliness, yield, and carioca-type grains. Nine bean strains were crossed in a partial diallel scheme (4 x 5), in which group 1 included 4 strains with early cycles and group 2 included 5 elite strains. The F1 and F2 generations and the genitors were assessed in Coimbra and Viçosa in randomized blocks with 3 replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: days between sowing and emergence, and grain yield. We observed an interaction between the effects of general combining ability and specific combining ability with the environments (crop, location, and generation) for both grain earliness and yield. Genetic analysis of earliness revealed a predominance of additive effects and grain yield dominance effects. The strain Goiano Precoce may be used as a genitor in breeding programs to improve earliness, while strains RP1 and VC33 can be used to increase grain yield. We observed genetic complementation between strains Goiano Precoce and RP1, BRSMG Madrepérola and BRS Estilo for earliness and between RP1 and Rosinha Precoce for grain yield.

Assuntos

Alelos , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Meio Ambiente , Fabaceae/genética , Hibridização Genética

RESUMO

Common bean breeding programs for white mold (WM) resistance are in their initial stages in Brazil. Sources of partial resistance to WM are available abroad but their performance in Brazil is unknown. In two greenhouse (straw test) and three field experiments conducted in three districts in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, we evaluated a total of 23 lines with putative WM resistance with the objective to select lines with resistance to WM and other diseases associated with high yield potential. Two field-resistant local lines, two susceptible local cultivars, and two susceptible international lines were also included in the study. In the greenhouse, Cornell 605, A 195, and G122 were among the lines with the highest partial resistance to WM. In the field, these three lines were highly resistant to WM and had intermediate resistance or were resistant to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, rust, and Fusarium wilt. Cornell 605 and A 195 had high-yield potential but G122 yielded 47% less than the local lines under WM pressure. Our results suggest that Cornell 605 and A 195 are the most useful sources of resistance to WM for use in common bean breeding programs in Brazil.

RESUMO

Thiophanate-methyl (TM), fluazinam, and procymidone are fungicides extensively used for white mold control of common bean in Brazil. We assessed the sensitivity of Brazilian isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to these three fungicides using discriminatory doses and concentration that results in 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) values. In total, 282 isolates from the most important production areas were screened and none was resistant to fluazinam or procymidone. The EC50 values varied from 0.003 to 0.007 and from 0.11 to 0.72 µg/ml for fluazinam and procymidone, respectively. One isolate was resistant to TM. The EC50 of the TM-resistant isolate was greater than 100 µg/ml, whereas the EC50 of the sensitive isolates varied from 0.38 to 2.23 µg/ml. The TM-resistant isolate had a L240F mutation in the ß-tubulin gene. This is the first report of mutation at codon 240 causing resistance to a benzimidazole fungicide in S. sclerotiorum. The high-resolution melting analysis allowed the distinction of TM-sensitive and -resistant isolates by specific melting peaks and curves. The TM-resistant isolate had mycelial growth, sclerotia production, and aggressiveness comparable with that of the sensitive isolates, indicating that this genotype will likely compete well against sensitive isolates in the field. This study demonstrates that resistance to TM, fluazinam, and procymidone is nonexistent or rare. Resistance management practices should be implemented, however, to delay the spread of TM-resistant genotypes.