RESUMO
Chilean papaya is grown in Central Chile and is considered to be an important source of fiber, sugars, and antioxidants. The effect of different vacuum drying temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C) on the composition of papaya pulp was evaluated. The inhibitory effect of papaya extracts on α-glucosidase activity, as a regulator of blood sugar, was also evaluated. Drying reduced water activity of the pulp to less than 0.6, thereby, assuring the product stability, while maintaining simple sugars, vitamin C, and total flavonoids. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity by DPPH assay increased with respect to the fresh pulp by 1.5 and 2.6 times, respectively. The inhibitory effect of papaya extracts on α-glucosidase was evaluated by determining the IC50 for each sample and the acarbose equivalents. The results indicate the suitability of the dried extract of Chilean papaya as a regulator of glucose metabolism in Type II diabetes patients.
RESUMO
El incremento del amonio en sangre, hiperamoniemia, es pasible de provocar compromiso neurológico al atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica. La causa más frecuente y conocida de hiperamoniemia es la alteración en la función hepática. Sin embargo, se deben considerar otras patologías, de menor frecuencia y poco conocidas. La infección del tracto urinario por gérmenes productores de ureasa debe ser contemplada a pesar de ser infrecuente en pediatría. Se reporta el caso de un niño con encefalopatía aguda grave, con niveles elevados de amonio en sangre, en quien, luego de descartar otros diagnósticos diferenciales, se asumió el cuadro como hiperamoniemia secundaria a infección del tracto urinario por Corynebacterium riegelii, un germen productor de ureasa. Se implementaron medidas generales de tratamiento para la encefalopatía hiperamoniémica y tratamiento antibiótico específico, con buena evolución el paciente.
Elevated level of ammonia in the blood, defined as hyperammonemia, is feasible to cause neurological symptoms when crossing the blood-brain barrier. The most frequent and studied cause of hyperammonemia is liver failure. Nevertheless, other less frequent and known etiologies must be considered. Urinary tract infection caused by urea-splitting bacteria, despite being unusual in pediatric patients, must be taken into account. We report a pediatric patient with severe acute encephalopathy and high levels of ammonia in blood. After ruling out other causes of hyperammonemia, it was assumed secondary to urinary tract infection by Corynebacterium riegelii, a ureasplitting bacteria. General treatment for hyperammonemic encephalopathy was established, as well as specific treatment with antibiotics. The patient evolved favorably.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Ureia/metabolismo , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/etiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/complicações , Hiperamonemia/etiologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/metabolismoRESUMO
Elevated level of ammonia in the blood, defined as hyperammonemia, is feasible to cause neurological symptoms when crossing the blood-brain barrier. The most frequent and studied cause of hyperammonemia is liver failure. Nevertheless, other less frequent and known etiologies must be considered. Urinary tract infection caused by urea-splitting bacteria, despite being unusual in pediatric patients, must be taken into account. We report a pediatric patient with severe acute encephalopathy and high levels of ammonia in blood. After ruling out other causes of hyperammonemia, it was assumed secondary to urinary tract infection by Corynebacterium riegelii, a ureasplitting bacteria. General treatment for hyperammonemic encephalopathy was established, as well as specific treatment with antibiotics. The patient evolved favorably.
El incremento del amonio en sangre, hiperamoniemia, es pasible de provocar compromiso neurológico al atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica. La causa más frecuente y conocida de hiperamoniemia es la alteración en la función hepática. Sin embargo, se deben considerar otras patologías, de menor frecuencia y poco conocidas. La infección del tracto urinario por gérmenes productores de ureasa debe ser contemplada a pesar de ser infrecuente en pediatría. Se reporta el caso de un niño con encefalopatía aguda grave, con niveles elevados de amonio en sangre, en quien, luego de descartar otros diagnósticos diferenciales, se asumió el cuadro como hiperamoniemia secundaria a infección del tracto urinario por Corynebacterium riegelii, un germen productor de ureasa. Se implementaron medidas generales de tratamiento para la encefalopatía hiperamoniémica y tratamiento antibiótico específico, con buena evolución el paciente.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias Metabólicas/etiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/complicações , Hiperamonemia/etiologia , Ureia/metabolismo , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Corynebacterium/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en estudiantes universitarios de primer año. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico en estudiantes de 17 a 18 años de primer año de 14 Facultades, 2 Institutos y 1 Programa de Bachillerato. Se aplicó el test Kidscreen-52, enviado por correo electrónico a 3.738 estudiantes. Contestaron 1.277 (34,16%). Análisis con programa WINSTEPS y expresión con puntajes Rasch. RESULTADOS: Las dimensiones Bienestar Físico, Estado de Ánimo y Emociones y Autonomía con menos de 42 puntos Rasch, y otras dos, Bienestar Psicológico, Amigos y Apoyo Social tuvieron puntajes significativamente menores a lo encontrado en adolescentes chilenos de edad comparable, en mujeres, escolares de establecimientos municipales de bajo nivel socioeconómico, con Índice de Vulnerabilidad Escolar (IVE) o con discapacidad o problema de salud o enfermedad crónica. Las diferencias son mayores en Facultades con más demanda académica. Este primer estudio revela información no conocida, trascendente para estudiantes, académicos y sus autoridades. Se sospecha que posiblemente ocurre en otras universidades. CONCLUSIONES: Los estudios de Calidad de Vida estudiantil son factibles de aplicar en instituciones de educación superior en beneficio de educandos y educadores. Este estudio es un insumo para diagnóstico y evaluación de las políticas salud y apoyo estudiantil y aporta a la orientación de la docencia. En el futuro podrían aplicarse instrumentos de medición de la Calidad de Vida en estudiantes de otras edades y en otros estamentos universitarios con test validados en Chile, combinado con estudios de Factores de Riesgo.
OBJETIVE: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of first-year university students at the University of Chile in 2015 MATERIAL AND METHOD: Observational, transversal, and analytical study of first year students, 17 to 18 years of age, attending 14 Faculties, 2 Institutes, and 1 Bachelor Program of the University of Chile. Delivery of Kidscreen-52 test by email to 3,738 students, of which 1,277 replied (34.16%). The Winsteps program model and Rasch punctuation were used. RESULTS: The dimensions Physical Well-being, State of Mood and Emotions, and Autonomy scored less than 42 Rasch points, and the other two dimensions Psychological Well-being and Friends and Social Support - had significantly lower scores than those found in Chilean adolescents of a comparable age, in women, in students of lower socio-economical levels in municipal public schools with a Scholar Vulnerability Index, or those with a disability, health problem, or chronic illness. The differences are greater in Faculties with heavier academic demands. Discussion: This first study gives new information in an area seldom studied, which is important for students, academics, and authorities. It is suspected that similar results would be found in other university settings. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL studies are feasible to apply in institutions of higher education, to benefit both students and educators. This study contributes to the diagnosis and evaluation of public policies on student support, and for teaching strategies. In the near future, HRQoL instruments could be applied with other students and other members of the university community, in combination with studies on risk factors
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Qualidade de Vida , Estudantes/psicologia , Satisfação Pessoal , Autoimagem , Classe Social , Apoio Social , Universidades , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Afeto , Autonomia Pessoal , Emoções , Relações Familiares , Vulnerabilidade SocialRESUMO
El osteoma lingual (coristoma óseo lingual) es una alteración del desarrollo poco común, con menos de 100 casos reportados mundialmente. La localización más frecuente de esta lesión es la cara dorsal de la lengua. Su etiología no es completamente clara. Debido a su escasa incidencia, reportamos un nuevo caso, en una paciente de sexo femenino de 12 años de edad. En este artículo también se revisará la epidemiología, histología y patogénesis de esta condición.
Lingual osteoma (lingual osseous choristoma) is a rare condition, with fewer than 100 cases reported. The most common location of this lesion is the dorsal surface of the tongue. Because of its low incidence, we present a new case that occurred in a 12 years old woman. This article also review the epidemiology, histology and pathogenesis of this condition.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Osso e Ossos , Coristoma/patologia , Doenças da Língua/patologia , OsteomaRESUMO
Gene transfer from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, a process of outstanding importance to the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, is an on-going phenomenon in higher plants. After transfer, the mitochondrial gene has to be adapted to the nuclear context by acquiring a new promoter and targeting information to direct the protein back to the organelle. To better understand the strategies developed by higher plants to transfer organellar genes during evolution, we investigated the fate of the mitochondrial RPL5-RPS14 locus in grasses. While maize mitochondrial genome does not contain RPS14 and RPL5 genes, wheat mitochondrial DNA contains an intact RPL5 gene and a nonfunctional RPS14 pseudogene. RPL5 and PsiRPS14 are co-transcribed and their transcripts are edited. In wheat, the functional RPS14 gene is located in the nucleus, within the intron of the respiratory complex II iron-sulfur subunit gene (SDH2). Its organization and expression mechanisms are similar to those previously described in maize and rice, allowing us to conclude that RPS14 transfer and nuclear activation occurred before divergence of these grasses. Unexpectedly, we found evidence for a more recent RPL5 transfer to the nucleus in wheat. This nuclear wheat RPL5 acquired its targeting information by duplication of an existing targeting presequence for another mitochondrial protein, ribosomal protein L4. Thus, mitochondrial and nuclear functional RPL5 genes appear to be maintained in wheat, supporting the hypothesis that in an intermediate stage of the transfer process, both nuclear and mitochondrial functional genes coexist. Finally, we show that RPL5 has been independently transferred to the nucleus in the maize lineage and has acquired regulatory elements for its expression and a mitochondrial targeting peptide from an unknown source.