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UNLABELLED: Botulinum toxin is a widely used treatment with satisfactory results, and it is relatively safe in the doses used for cosmetic procedures. The authors report a case of allergic reaction to Chinese botulinum toxin serotype A (CBTX-A). Although this is a rare adverse event, it is nonetheless clinically relevant to healthcare professionals. A 44-year-old woman presented to the authors' hospital complaining of dynamic wrinkles. CBTX-A was used to treat her. Minutes after application, she developed urticarial plaques proximal to the injection site. The patient had an allergic reaction, as documented by a positive skin test, which was controlled by the administration of antihistamines and systemic corticosteroids. This report is intended to guide healthcare professionals faced with this type of adverse event regarding how to proceed without hindering the delivery and effectiveness of the treatment. When performed by a qualified health professional, this treatment brings excellent results in the vast majority of cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 Risk.

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Scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disease that is manifested by cutaneous sclerosis and variable systemic involvement. Two categories of scleroderma are known: systemic sclerosis, characterized by cutaneous sclerosis and visceral involvement, and localized scleroderma or morphea which classically presents benign and self-limited evolution and is confined to the skin and/or underlying tissues. Localized scleroderma is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Recent studies show that the localized form may affect internal organs and have variable morbidity. Treatment should be started very early, before complications occur due to the high morbidity of localized scleroderma. In this review, we report the most important aspects and particularities in the treatment of patients diagnosed with localized scleroderma.

Assuntos

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Scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disease that is manifested by cutaneous sclerosis and variable systemic involvement. Two categories of scleroderma are known: systemic sclerosis, characterized by cutaneous sclerosis and visceral involvement, and localized scleroderma or morphea which classically presents benign and self-limited evolution and is confined to the skin and/or underlying tissues. Localized scleroderma is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Recent studies show that the localized form may affect internal organs and have variable morbidity. Treatment should be started very early, before complications occur due to the high morbidity of localized scleroderma. In this review, we report the most important aspects and particularities in the treatment of patients diagnosed with localized scleroderma.

Assuntos

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INTRODUCTION: Scleroderma featuring rare connective tissue disease that manifests as skin sclerosis and variable systemic involvement. Two categories of scleroderma are known: systemic sclerosis, characterized by cutaneous sclerosis and visceral involvement and localized scleroderma or morphea which classically presents benign evolution and self-limited, confined to the skin and/or underlying tissue. Recent studies show that the localized form may possibly course with involvement of internal organs and variable morbidity. This study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics, the prevalence of systemic manifestations and laboratory findings, as well as the association with autoimmune diseases, and the evolution of neurological findings, both clinical as brain MRI in patients with scleroderma of the face and its relation with the activity skin. METHODS: Patients with localized scleroderma with facial involvement were evaluated and underwent neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging and ophthalmology evaluation. After 3years, the patients were subjected again to MRI. RESULTS: We studied 12 patients with localized scleroderma of the face. Of this total, headache being the most frequent complaint found in 66.7% of patients, 33.3% had neurological changes possibly associated with scleroderma. As for ophthalmologic evaluation, 25% of patients showed abnormalities. The most frequent parenchymal finding was the presence of lesions with hyperintense or hypointense signal in 75% of patients, followed by ventricular asymmetry at 16.7%. Of the patients who had neurological deficits, 75% also had a change to MRI. In all patients, imaging findings after 3years were unchanged. During this interval of 3years, 25% of patients showed signs of activity of scleroderma. CONCLUSION: Patients with localized scleroderma of the face have a high prevalence of neurological and ophthalmological changes. Based on these findings, we suggest that all cases of localized scleroderma of the face should be thoroughly examined for the presence of systemic changes.

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BACKGROUND: Earlobe keloids are benign, fibrous proliferations that occur in predisposed persons at sites of cutaneous injury. No single best therapeutic modality is indicated. OBJECTIVE: To describe a 1-year follow-up of 12 patients with earlobe keloids treated by shaving followed by cryosurgery and intralesional injection of triamcinolone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients were treated with combined surgery and cryosurgery. RESULTS: After 1 year, major response was observed in nine cases (75%) and moderate response in two cases (16%); one case had a relapse 5 months after the surgery. CONCLUSION: These results are highly encouraging because all patients showed improvement. Shaving associated with cryosurgery seems to be a useful treatment for large keloids scars.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate voriconazole in the treatment of extensive cases of chromomycosis. Chromomycosis is a chronic infection, which is extremely difficult to eradicate, and is caused by dematiaceous (dark-colored) fungi which affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues, with Fonsecaea pedrosoi being the major etiologic agent. Drugs such as itraconazole, terbinafine, posaconazole and amphotericin B have been employed with variable results. METHODS: We treated three Caucasian male patients (ages 44, 57 and 77 years), two were farmers and one a trash collector, with long-standing (20, 10 and 21 years of disease, respectively) and extensive chromomycosis (one lower limb affected, at least) due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi. All patients had received previous therapy with the formerly indicated drugs itraconazole and terbinafine for several months either without or with incomplete response. After that, we started treatment with voriconazole per os 200 mg twice a day. RESULTS: The patients were treated with voriconazole for 12 months until there was clinical and mycological improvement. Clinical response was evident after 30-50 days. One patient developed visual abnormalities and tremors, and the voriconazole was reduced to 200 mg/day without impairment of the clinical and mycological response. The same patient presented photosensitive dermatitis after 12 months of therapy and the voriconazole was stopped. All patients showed elevations of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) during the treatment without clinical relevance. Moreover, our three patients obtained partial response with this therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report with a case series of chromomycosis treated with voriconazole. Despite its high cost, voriconazole is a safe and possibly promising drug for use on extensive chromomycosis refractory to conventional treatment.

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