RESUMO
Arylsulfatase (ASA) enzyme deficiency is associated with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), which is a hereditary myelin metabolic disease. It has been proposed that in alcoholic subjects with abnormal ASA, the accumulation of sulfatides may lead to demyelinization and generalized cerebral atrophy. ASA may be diminished in subjects with alcoholic cirrhosis having encephalopathic manifestations. This idea has not been previously proposed. Leukocyte arylsulfatase A (ASA) activity was measured in 30 healthy male volunteers and 28 patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy history and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis without history of hepatic encephalopathy. Alcoholic cirrhotic patients with history of encephalopathy showed 58.21% (40.95 nmol/mg protein/h) less enzymatic activity than a control group (98.00 nmol/mg protein/h), whereas the group without history of encephalopathy showed an ASA value which was 38.2% (60.55 nmol/mg protein/h) less than the control group. The results suggest that the low ASA activity is a factor associated to the appearance of encephalopathy in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.
Assuntos
Cerebrosídeo Sulfatase/análise , Cerebrosídeo Sulfatase/deficiência , Encefalopatia Hepática/etiologia , Leucócitos/química , Leucócitos/enzimologia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/complicações , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/enzimologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Encefalopatia Hepática/classificação , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/sangue , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to find the association between low arylsulfatase A (ASA) activity and psychiatric disorders in chronic alcoholic patients. METHODS: The study was carried out in 30 chronic alcoholic patients (27 male, 3 female); age range was 25-65 years. There were 20 normal controls (18 males, 2 females), and age range was 24-67 years. ASA and routine aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity laboratory tests were measured in blood serum from all patients and control subjects. RESULTS: Alcoholic patients with psychiatric disorders have ASA average values of 68.25 nmol/mL/4 h. This is less than averages found in the alcoholics without psychiatric disorders group (82.48 nmol/mL/4 h) and the control group (90.8 nmol/mL/4 h). There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups studied. Alcoholic subjects with elevated activity of AST and ALT (n = 10) have ASA activity average values of 134.82 nmol/mL/4 h), which is 48.8% higher than the control group (90.6 nmol/mL/4 h). These means show statistically significant differences (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate an association between low serum ASA activity and alcoholism. The appearance of psychiatric manifestations could be related to the low activity of this enzyme in chronic alcoholic patients. Alcoholic patients with elevated enzyme activity of AST and ALT in sera also have elevated sera arylsulfatase A (ASA) activity. We consider that these findings may be useful for evaluating the psychiatric state as a prognosis in chronic alcoholic patients, and should be a routine laboratory test in alcoholic patients.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/enzimologia , Cerebrosídeo Sulfatase/sangue , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Transtornos Mentais/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Idoso , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool/enzimologia , Alcoolismo/complicações , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Transtornos de Ansiedade/enzimologia , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Transtorno Bipolar/enzimologia , Feminino , Alucinações/induzido quimicamente , Alucinações/enzimologia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/enzimologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Paranoides/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Paranoides/complicações , Transtornos Paranoides/enzimologia , PrognósticoRESUMO
New Zealand rabbits were used to determine the acute kinetics of the Tl+ ion (0 to 90 minutes) following intravenous administration of two doses of Tl+ (10 mg.kg-1 and 30 mg.kg-1). The rapid disappearance of Tl+ from the blood may be explained by means of an open parallel tricompartmental mamillary model. The most important pharmacokinetic parameters which changed with the dose were Vdl (0.61 +/- 0.08 1.kg-1 for the low dose and 0.59 +/- 0.10 1.kg-1 for the high dose); ABC0-90 (310 +/- 18 mg.ml-1 min-1 for the low dose and 942 +/- 107 Mg.ml-1 min for the high dose; Kd (0.026 +/- 0.005 min-1 for the low dose and 0.037 +/- 0.010 min-1 for the high dose). The importance of the values of the slopes alpha, rho & gamma found by residual methods are discussed and compared with the results reported by other authors working with other species and different times.
Assuntos
Tálio/farmacocinética , Animais , Compartimentos de Líquidos Corporais , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Coelhos , Tálio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This paper describes the acute effects produced by administering potassium (2.7 and 5.5 mg.per kg of weight) to rabbits intoxicated with 10 and 30 mg.kg-1 of thallium. Acute capture (90 minutes) of thallium by skeletal muscle, left ventricle, liver and renal medulla and cortex is studied. Different doses of thallium were found to modify the organic capture in the studied organs with quantitative differences. The administering of potassium also modified the magnitude of capture, in different magnitudes, in the various organs. The modification produced depends more upon the studied organ than on the dose of potassium given. The skeletal muscle seems to manage the thallium-potassium interaction depending on the activation of sodium-potassium ATPase. The liver does not seem to be directly affected by the thallium-potassium interaction. The left ventricle captures thallium very rapidly, and also seems to depend on the activation of sodium potassium ATPase, and potassium increases thallium capture. The renal medulla captures 4 to 5 times more thallium than its cortex and the high dose of thallium seems to saturate the medulla's capture. The renal cortex's capture was not renal elimination of thallium is activated by potassium. The renal cortex uptake was not modified by potassium but the renal thallium elimination seems to be activated by potassium. The uptake by the renal medulla is diminished by potassium, suggesting a thallium-potassium interaction similar to the competitive inhibition described by McCall et al. (1985).
Assuntos
Cloreto de Potássio/farmacologia , Tálio/farmacocinética , Animais , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Medicamentosas , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Ventrículos do Coração/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculos/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos/metabolismo , Especificidade de Órgãos , Coelhos , Tálio/intoxicação , Distribuição Tecidual/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We have investigated the distribution of thallous ions between plasma and blood cells in whole blood both in vitro and in vivo (rabbit whole blood) and in vitro (human whole blood). The means of the percentual distribution are within the range of 61.4 to 64.2 percent for cell packet and 35.8 to 38.6 percent for plasma (n = 50), which is in agreement with previous reports. No significant differences between the two species were found when the direct percentages were compared; however, significant differences appeared (p less than 0.01; dose range 1 to 40 micrograms ml-1) when the comparison was made in terms of the ratio:(formula:see text). As for the effect of dose, there is an an apparent disminution in the thallium retained by the cells as the dose increases. However, when the comparison is made in terms of the normalized values, the dose effect is null within the range 1 to 40 micrograms ml(-1). Finally, the observed ratio cell packet/plasma (between 2 and 3) suggests that in whole blood, at equilibrium, thallous ion is mainly distributed passively between cells and plasma. The biological significance of it is discussed.