RESUMO
Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) is a native species of South America used to prepare traditional beverages. Recently a possible effect of its infusion on oxidative stress found in dyslipidemias has been reported. The main compounds related to these activities are phenolic compounds derived from chlorogenic acid. This study aimed to determine the anticholesteremic effect of the hydroethanolic extract (HEIP) and its n-butanolic fraction (n-BFIP), with standardized content of phenolic compounds derived from chlorogenic acid, in rats treated with high-fat diet (HFD). The contents of these compounds in the ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction were respectively two and three times higher than in traditional infusion with predominance of dicaffeoylquinic derivatives. The extracts were able to reduce serum triglycerides and cholesterol and decrease the atherogenic index in treated animals. These results support a potential effect of the mate extract in cardiovascular disease.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/farmacologia , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Lipídeos/sangue , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Ácido Clorogênico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/uso terapêutico , Colesterol/sangue , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/etiologia , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipercolesterolemia/etiologia , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
In this investigation, liquid carbon dioxide at 20 degrees C and 150 bar was used for the selective extraction of caffeine and theobromine from dry leaves of mate. A comparison between the chromatograms from CO2 extraction and traditional solvent extraction supports the selectivity of carbon dioxide for these purine alkaloids. The advantages of selective liquid CO2 extraction in terms of speed and resolution of UV/HPLC is also evidenced. A randomized block design of experiments was proposed to investigate the influence of 16 progenies of Ilex paraguariensis grown in 3 diverse sites on the contents of caffeine and theobromine in liquors of mate leaves obtained by extraction with compressed CO2. A significant effect of both these factors on the parameters investigated was observed by involving the F distribution in the statistical analysis. A cluster analysis based on the experimental uncertainties in the contents of these two methylxanthines has identified from four to six different groups of mate progenies.