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To investigate the effects of 8-weeks of full versus split body resistance training (RT) on appetite and energy intake in non-obese untrained men. The participants were pair-matched based on their initial fat mass and then randomly allocated into one of two treatment groups: Full body (FB, n = 20), in which all muscle groups were trained in every session, or Split body (SB, n = 15), in which upper and lower muscle groups were trained alternated per session; both groups trained in non-consecutive days, three times per week with total number of sets performed equated between groups. Energy intake, body composition, and strength performance were evaluated at pre-training, and after 8-weeks of RT, as well as self-reported hunger, fullness, and desire to eat, that were assessed at fasted and feed states pre- and post-intervention. FB and SB resistance training increased fat-free mass (FFM) (p < 0.001); and FB induced greater maximal strength improvement (p = 0.027). At fasted state self-reported hunger increased, and fullness decreased, while in feed state desire to eat something fatty increased in both groups. Carbohydrate intake (p = 0.011) decreased in both groups. In conclusion, FB and SB training increased orexigenic drive (increasing hunger and decreasing fullness), however, total energy intake and fat mass did not change after 8-weeks of RT in non-obese untrained men.Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials no. RBR-3wkcvyw.

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The taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages is a policy that has been adopted in many countries worldwide, including Latin American, to reduce sugar consumption. However, little is known about how taxation on these products may affect their demand. The present study aims to estimate the price elasticity of demand for sugar-sweetened beverages in Brazil. This study advances the literature by proposing a breakdown between ready-to-drink sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-sweetened beverages that require some preparation before being consumed. With this disaggregation, it is possible to obtain more accurate elasticities for the group of products that will be effectively taxed. We estimated a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model using the Household Budget Survey 2017-2018 microdata. The results show that ready-to-drink beverages is more consumed but less sensitive to changes in price than prepared beverages. The price elasticity of demand for ready-to-drink and prepared sugar-sweetened beverages was -1.19 and -3.38. Additionally, we observe heterogeneity in these price elasticities across household incomes, with a more elastic demand among lower-income households for ready to drink beverages. The findings suggest that taxing ready-to-drink sweetened beverages could potentially reduce sugar consumption directly through a decrease in the consumption of sugary drinks and this effect could be reinforced by reducing the consumption of other sugar-rich products. Therefore, the taxation police should effective contribute to minimize health risks associated to the sugar consumption.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the conceptions about COVID-19 among Brazilians who carry out commuting to work in clandestine mines located on the borders between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. METHOD: This is qualitative research, from an analytical perspective, based on Social Representation Theory. Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were carried out with 10 Brazilians who experience work routine in clandestine mining on the border between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. RESULTS: Two analytical categories emerged: "The disease of otherness"; and "Health access dimension". CONCLUSION: Disease severity was attributed to another or a human body organ, and not to individuals as a whole. Access to health services was established on issues of inequity, violence and illegal practices. The nature of a transient population, which carries out commuting and informal and clandestine work, demonstrates vulnerability to COVID-19 and a lower propensity to receive care.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the conceptions about COVID-19 among Brazilians who carry out commuting to work in clandestine mines located on the borders between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Method: This is qualitative research, from an analytical perspective, based on Social Representation Theory. Semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews were carried out with 10 Brazilians who experience work routine in clandestine mining on the border between Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Results: Two analytical categories emerged: "The disease of otherness"; and "Health access dimension". Conclusion: Disease severity was attributed to another or a human body organ, and not to individuals as a whole. Access to health services was established on issues of inequity, violence and illegal practices. The nature of a transient population, which carries out commuting and informal and clandestine work, demonstrates vulnerability to COVID-19 and a lower propensity to receive care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las concepciones sobre el COVID-19 entre los brasileños que realizan desplazamientos para trabajar en minas clandestinas ubicadas en las fronteras entre Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Método: Investigación cualitativa, desde una perspectiva analítica, basada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grabadas en audio a 10 brasileños que viven la rutina de trabajo en minas clandestinas en la frontera entre Brasil, Guayana Francesa y Surinam. Resultados: Se designaron dos categorías analíticas: "La enfermedad de la alteridad"; y "Dimensiones del acceso a la salud". Conclusión: La gravedad de la enfermedad se atribuyó a otro o a un órgano del cuerpo humano, y no al individuo en su conjunto. El acceso a los servicios de salud se estableció sobre temas de inequidad, violencia y prácticas ilegales. La naturaleza de la población transitoria, que realiza desplazamientos y trabajos informales y clandestinos, demuestra vulnerabilidad al COVID-19 y una menor propensión a recibir atención.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as concepções acerca da covid-19 entre brasileiros que realizam migração pendular para trabalhar em garimpos clandestinos situados nas fronteiras entre Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, em uma perspectiva analítica, alicerçada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, áudiogravadas com 10 brasileiros que vivenciam a rotina de trabalho em garimpos clandestinos na fronteira entre Brasil, Guiana Francesa e Suriname. Resultados: Foram designadas duas categorias analíticas: "A doença da alteridade"; e "Dimensão do acesso à saúde". Conclusão: A gravidade da doença foi atribuída ao outro ou a um órgão do corpo humano, e não ao indivíduo como um todo. O acesso aos serviços de saúde instituiu-se em questões de iniquidade, violência e práticas ilegais. O caráter de população transitória, que realiza migração pendular e de trabalho informal e clandestino, demonstra vulnerabilidade à covid-19 e menor propensão a receber cuidados.

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Over the years, vaccinations have provided significant advances in public health, because they substantially reduce the morbimortality of vaccine-preventable diseases. Nevertheless, many people are still hesitant to be vaccinated. Brazil is a region of many anti-vaccine movements, and several outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, such as yellow fever and measles, have occurred in the country during the last few years. To avoid new outbreaks, immunization coverage must be high; however, this is a great challenge to achieve due to the countless anti-vaccine movements. The World Health Organization has suggested new actions for the next decade via the Immunization Agenda 2030 to control, reduce, or eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases. Nonetheless, the vaccination coverage has decreased recently. To resolve the anti-vaccine issue, it is necessary to propose a long-term approach that involves innovative education programs on immunization and critical thinking, using different communication channels, including social media. Cooperation among biology and health scientists, ethicists, human scientists, policymakers, journalists, and civil society is essential for an in-depth understanding of the social action of vaccine refusal and planning effective education measures to increase the vaccine coverage.

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ABSTRACT Over the years, vaccinations have provided significant advances in public health, because they substantially reduce the morbimortality of vaccine-preventable diseases. Nevertheless, many people are still hesitant to be vaccinated. Brazil is a region of many anti-vaccine movements, and several outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, such as yellow fever and measles, have occurred in the country during the last few years. To avoid new outbreaks, immunization coverage must be high; however, this is a great challenge to achieve due to the countless anti-vaccine movements. The World Health Organization has suggested new actions for the next decade via the Immunization Agenda 2030 to control, reduce, or eradicate vaccine-preventable diseases. Nonetheless, the vaccination coverage has decreased recently. To resolve the anti-vaccine issue, it is necessary to propose a long-term approach that involves innovative education programs on immunization and critical thinking, using different communication channels, including social media. Cooperation among biology and health scientists, ethicists, human scientists, policymakers, journalists, and civil society is essential for an in-depth understanding of the social action of vaccine refusal and planning effective education measures to increase the vaccine coverage.

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Ingestion of mycotoxins can result in many problems, including decreased growth rates and immune suppression. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the supplementation of a mycotoxin deactivator composed by adsorbent clay minerals; inactivated fermentation extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and blend of antioxidants, organic acids, and botanicals in diets containing added mycotoxins for nursery pigs on their performance and antioxidant status. Ninety pigs weaned with 24 d of age (7.12 ± 0.68 kg of BW) were used. Pigs were housed in pens of three animals each according to body weight, litter origin, and sex. The dietary treatments consisted of feeding the pigs with a standard control diet as negative control (NC; mycotoxin levels at accepted regulatory Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture standards; deoxynivalenol (DON): <100 µg/kg; zearalenone (ZEA): <20 µg/kg; fumonisins (FB): <1 mg/kg); the standard diet added with mycotoxins to reach a low contamination level is considered as positive low (PCL-; DON: 900 µg/kg; ZEA: 100 µg/kg; FB: 5,000 µg/kg) without deactivator; a positive low added the deactivator at an inclusion rate of 1 kg/ton (PCL+); the standard diet added with mycotoxins to reach a high contamination level is considered as positive high (PCH-; DON: 4,500 µg/kg; ZEA: 500 µg/kg; FB: 18,000 µg/kg) without the deactivator; and a positive high added the deactivator at an inclusion rate of 5 kg/ton (PCH+). Pigs were individually weighed at the beginning and at the end of each phase and feed intake recorded based on daily pen intake during the experiment. On days 7, 19, 34, and 43 post-weaning, blood samples were drawn for antioxidant analyses. Antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and total superoxide dismutase [TSOD]), vitamins [Vit A, E, and C], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were evaluated in erythrocyte and plasma samples. Pigs challenged with mycotoxins presented lower performance traits, decrease in the efficiency of central antioxidant systems (↓GPx, ↓TSOD, ↓Vit A, ↓Vit E, and ↓Vit C), and a higher oxidative damage to lipids (↑MDA) when compared with the control and deactivator-associated treatments. Our findings showed that the use of a mycotoxin deactivator can mitigate the negative impacts on performance and oxidative stress when animals are subjected to diets contaminated by different levels of mycotoxins.

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The efficiency of public policies includes the measurement of the health resources used and their associated costs. There is a lack of studies evaluating the economic impact of oral cancer (OC). This study aims to estimate the healthcare costs of OC in Brazil from 2008 to 2016. This is a partial economic evaluation using the gross costing top-down method, considering the direct healthcare costs related to outpatients, inpatients, intensive care units, and the number of procedures, from the perspective of the public health sector. The data were extracted from the Outpatient and Inpatient Information System of the National Health System, by diagnosis according to the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, according to sites of interest: C00 to C06, C09 and C10. The values were adjusted for annual accumulated inflation and expressed in 2018 I$ (1 I$ = R$2,044). Expenditure on OC healthcare in Brazil was I$495.6 million, which was composed of 50.8% (I$251.6 million) outpatient and 49.2% (I$244.0 million) inpatient healthcare. About 177,317 admissions and 6,224,236 outpatient procedures were registered. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy comprised the largest number of procedures (88.8%) and costs (94.9%). Most of the costs were spent on people over 50 years old (72.9%) and on males (75.6%). Direct healthcare costs in Brazil for OC are substantial. Outpatient procedures were responsible for the highest total cost; however, inpatient procedures had a higher cost per procedure. Men over 50 years old consumed most of the cost and procedures for OC. The oropharynx and tongue were the sites with the highest expenditure. Further studies are needed to investigate the cost per individual, as well as direct non-medical and indirect costs of OC.

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RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e os fatores associados entre universitários da área da saúde. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal e abordagem quantitativa, com 364 acadêmicos matriculados em cinco cursos da área da saúde. Para a obtenção dos dados, foram utilizados seis instrumentos autoaplicáveis: questionário socioeconômico, demográfico e de hábitos de vida adaptado do Vigitel, o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI). Foram coletadas, ainda, as medidas antropométricas. A associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi verificada por análise bivariada seguida de regressão logística, com variância robusta. Resultados Houve prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal de 9,1% entre os universitários. As variáveis que, após análise múltipla, se mostraram associadas a maior prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foram: cor da pele não branca, realização de tratamento para perder peso, presença de atitudes para transtorno alimentar, estado de saúde regular/ruim, ansiedade moderada/grave e circunferência abdominal. Conclusão A prevalência com a insatisfação com a imagem corporal nos universitários foi baixa, entretanto fatores sociodemográficos, estilo de vida, estado de saúde e condições clínicas e antropométricas mostraram-se associados com a prevalência da insatisfação com a imagem corporal.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and associated factors among university students in the health field. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with 364 students enrolled in five health courses. To obtain the data, six self-administered instruments were used: socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle habits adapted from Vigitel, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Anthropometric measurements were also collected. The association between the studied variables and dissatisfaction with body image was verified by bivariate analysis followed by logistic regression, with robust variance. Results There was a prevalence of body image dissatisfaction of 9.1% among university students. The variables that, after multiple analysis, were associated with a higher prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image were: non-white skin color, undergoing treatment to lose weight, presence of attitudes towards eating disorder, regular/poor health status, moderate/severe anxiety and waist circumference. Conclusion It is concluded that the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image in university students was low, however, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, health status and clinical and anthropometric conditions were shown to be associated with the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image.

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Introdução: O Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) tem sido utilizado especialmente para mensurar a capacidade funcional e avaliar a eficiência de diversos tratamentos cardiovasculares. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi aplicar e comparar as equações preditas do TC6, em indivíduos hipertensos participantes de reabilitação cardiovascular (RCV). Material e métodos: A amostra foi composta por 39 pacientes de ambos os sexos (masculino: 11 e feminino: 28) com média de idade 57,5 ± 11 anos portadores de hipertensão arterial. Resultados: Após o programa de RCV foi verificado um aumento significativo (p < 0,001) da distância caminhada no TC6 quando comparada aos valores antes da RCV (514,7 ± 100,6 x 382,4 ± 116,3 m). Entretanto, não houve diferença estatística quando comparado os valores preditos das duas equações. Conclusão: A distância percorrida no TC6 foi maior após a RCV quando comparada aos valores iniciais, demostrando que a RCV produz benefícios na capacidade funcional dessa população. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que as duas equações avaliadas, tem aplicabilidade semelhante para a população de indivíduos hipertensos brasileiros.

Introduction: The 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT) has been used especially to measure functional capacity, to evaluate the efficiency of various cardiovascular treatments. Objective: The objective of the present study was to apply and compare the predicted EQ6 equations in hypertensive individuals participating in cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR). Methods: The sample consisted of 39 patients of both sexes (male: 11 and female: 28) with mean age 57.5 ± 11 years old with arterial hypertension. Results: After the CR program, was verified a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the 6MWT when compared to values before of CR (514.7 ± 100.6 x 382.4 ± 116.3 m). However, there was no statistical difference when compared to the predicted values of the two equations. Conclusion: The distance walked on the 6MWT was higher after the RCV when compared to the initial values, showing that the RCV produces benefits in the functional capacity of this population. In addition, the results suggest that the two equations evaluated have similar applicability for the population of Brazilian hypertensive individuals.

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Cultivable microbiota presents in a coffee semi-dry processing wastewater treatment plant (WTP) was identified. Thirty-two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, these being 16 bacteria, 11 yeasts and 4 filamentous fungi. Bacteria dominated the microbial population (11.61 log CFU mL- 1), and presented the highest total diversity index when observed in the WTP aerobic stage (Shannon = 1.94 and Simpson = 0.81). The most frequent bacterial species were Enterobacter asburiae, Sphingobacterium griseoflavum, Chryseobacterium bovis, Serratia marcescens, Corynebacterium flavescens, Acetobacter orientalis and Acetobacter indonesiensis; these showed the largest total bacteria populations in the WTP, with approximately 10 log CFU mL- 1. Yeasts were present at 7 log CFU mL- 1 of viable cells, with Hanseniaspora uvarum, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Saturnispora gosingensis, and Kazachstania gamospora being the prevalent species. Filamentous fungi were found at 6 log CFU mL- 1, with Fusarium oxysporum the most populous species. The identified species have the potential to act as a biological treatment in the WTP, and the application of them for this purpose must be better studied.

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Liraglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that was recently approved to treat obesity in some countries. Considering that liraglutide effects on brain energy metabolism are little known, we evaluated the effects of liraglutide on the energy metabolism. Animals received a single or daily injection of saline or liraglutide during 7 days (25, 50, 100, or 300 µg/kg i.p.). Twenty-four hours after the single or last injection, the rats were euthanized and the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, and posterior cortex were isolated. Our results demonstrated that a single dose of liraglutide in young rats increased the activity of complexes and inhibited creatine kinase activity. Repeated administrations of liraglutide in young rats reduced the activity of complexes and activated creatine kinase activity. In adult rats, a single dose of liraglutide reduced the activity of complex I and creatine kinase and increased the activity of complexes II and IV. Repeated administrations of liraglutide in adult rats increased the activity of complexes I and IV and reduced the activity of complex II and creatine kinase. We concluded that liraglutide may interfere in energy metabolism, because analysis of different times of administrations, concentrations, and level of brain development leads to divergent results.

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Currently, obesity and its associated complications are considered major public health problems worldwide. Because the causes are multifactorial and complex, different treatment methods are used, which include diet and exercise, as well as the use of drugs, although they can have adverse side effects. A new target for the treatment of obesity may be the incretin system, which consists of hormones that seem to contribute to weight loss. In this sense, some studies have shown a relationship between weight loss and drugs related to incretin system, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. The objective of this review is to summarize the association between the incretin system and obesity treatment.

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Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo cujo objetivo foi verificar práticas de autocuidado desenvolvidas por gestantes atendidas pelo serviço de pré-natal de um ambulatório. Participaram 99 gestantes. A pesquisa foi realizada em um ambulatório público de um município do interior de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se questionário. As respostas foram analisadas por estatística descritiva. Os resultados evidenciaram maior autocuidado em relação ao consumo de substâncias tóxicas, como álcool e drogas, higiene, repouso e alimentação. Cuidados, como exercícios físicos, protetor solar e cuidados com as mamas, não foram considerados como prioridades pelas gestantes. A maioria afirmou ter recebido orientações sobre autocuidado de profissionais de saúde, destacando-se o médico e enfermeiro. A problematização do tema pode contribuir para a reorganização dos serviços de saúde, a fim de garantir melhores estratégias na qualidade da atenção prestada às gestantes, em especial no desenvolvimento das práticas educativas.

The objective of this descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was to examine self-care practices developed by pregnant women in a prenatal outpatient clinic. Ninety-nine pregnant women participated. The survey was conducted in a public outpatient clinic in Minas Gerais. A questionnaire was administered. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated greater self-care in relation to consumption of toxic substances (alcohol and drugs), hygiene, rest and nutrition. Others, such as physical exercise, wearing sunscreen and breast care were not deemed as priorities by the participants. Most reported receiving self-care guidance from health professionals, especially physicians and nurses. Defining the nature of the theme could contribute to the reorganization of health services, in order to provide better strategies for delivering quality care to pregnant women, especially the development of educational practices.

Estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo que objetivó verificar las prácticas de autocuidado desarrolladas por gestantes atendidas por el servicio prenatal de un ambulatorio. Participaron 99 gestantes. La investigación fue realizada en un Ambulatorio público de un municipio del interior de Minas Gerais. Se utilizó un cuestionario. Las respuestas fueron analizadas mediante estadística descriptiva. Los resultados evidenciaron mayor autocuidado en relación al consumo de substancias tóxicas como alcohol y drogas, higiene, reposo y alimentación. Otros cuidados, como ejercicios físicos, uso de protector solar y cuidados con las mamas no fueron considerados como prioritarios por las gestantes. La mayoría afirmó haber recibido información sobre autocuidado de los profesionales de salud, destacando a médicos y enfermeros. La problematización del tema puede ayudar en la reorganización de los servicios de salud, a efectos de garantizar mejores estrategias en la calidad de la atención brindada a las gestantes, particularmente, en el desarrollo de prácticas educativas.

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INTRODUCTION: At orthodontic treatment completion, knowledge about the effects of adhesive remnant removal on enamel is paramount. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the effect of different adhesive remnant removal methods on enamel topography (ESI) and surface roughness (Ra) after bracket debonding and polishing. METHODS: A total of 50 human premolars were selected and divided into five groups according to the method used for adhesive remnant removal: high speed tungsten carbide bur (TCB), Sof-Lex discs (SL), adhesive removing plier (PL), ultrasound (US) and Fiberglass burs (FB). Metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT, stored at 37oC for 24 hours before debonding with adhesive removing plier. Subsequently, removal methods were carried out followed by polishing with pumice paste. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted with pre-bonding, post-debonding and post-polishing analyses. Results were submitted to statistical analysis with F test (ANOVA) and Tukey's (Ra) as well as with Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests (ESI) (P < 0.05). RESULTS: US Ra and ESI were significantly greater than TCB, SL, PL and FB. Polishing minimized Ra and ESI in the SL and FB groups. CONCLUSION: Adhesive remnant removal with SL and FB associated with polishing are recommended due to causing little damage to the enamel. .

INTRODUÇÃO: na finalização do tratamento ortodôntico, torna-se relevante o conhecimento da ação dos métodos de remoção do remanescente resinoso sobre o esmalte. OBJETIVO: o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de métodos de remoção do remanescente de resina após a descolagem do braquete e do polimento na rugosidade (Ra) e topografia (ESI) do esmalte. MÉTODOS: foram selecionados 50 pré-molares humanos, divididos em cinco grupos, de acordo com o método empregado para a remoção da resina residual: broca carbide tungstênio em alta rotação (BCT), discos Sof-Lex (SL), alicate removedor de resina (AL), ultrassom (US) e pontas Fiberglass (PF). Braquetes metálicos foram colados com Transbond XT, armazenados a 37° por 24 horas antes da descolagem com alicate removedor de braquete, sendo aplicados posteriormente os meios de remoção e executado o polimento com pasta de pedra-pomes. Realizou-se análises qualiquantitativas, com avaliações antes da colagem dos braquetes, após a descolagem e após o polimento, sendo os valores obtidos submetidos à análise estatística com teste F (ANOVA), de Tukey (Ra) e testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Bonferroni (ESI) (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a Ra e o ESI do US foram significativamente maiores do que BCT, SL, AL e PF. O polimento reduziu a Ra e ESI dos grupos SL e PF. CONCLUSÃO: a remoção do adesivo resinoso com SL e PF associados ao polimento são os métodos mais indicados por ocasionarem as menores alterações do esmalte. .

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Studies have consistently reported the participation of oxidative stress, energetic metabolism impairment, and creatine kinase (CK) activity alterations in rat brain in early times in an animal model of sepsis and persist for up to 10 days. We have assessed the antioxidant effects of administration of Ebselen (Eb) e diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 two organoselenium compounds on brain oxidative stress, energetic metabolism, and CK activity 12, 24 h, and 10 days after sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in rats. Male Wistar rats underwent either sham operation or CLP and were treated with oral injection of Eb (50 mg/kg) or (PhSe)2 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle. 12, 24 h, and 10 days after CLP, the rats were sacrificed, and samples from brain (hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and cortex) were obtained and assayed for thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonyls formation, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and CK activity. We observed in the results a reduction of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in the different cerebral structures studied and times with the administration of (PhSe)2; however, Eb seems to exert the same effect. Such changes are reflected in the assessment of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes by reversing the decreased activity of the complex caused by the model of CLP and CK activity. Our data provide the first experimental demonstration that (PhSe)2 was able to reduce the brain dysfunction associated with CLP-induced sepsis in rats, by decreasing oxidative stress parameters mitochondrial dysfunction and CK activity in early times and in late time.

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