RESUMO
Edible and medicinal weeds being commercialised for the first time in an urban horticulturalists fair were studied with an ethnobotanical approach in Bariloche (Patagonia, Argentina). The effects of three community workshops carried out previously were analysed, paying particular attention to the cosmovision, attitudes and behaviour of the horticulturalists regarding these plants. The methodology also included 25 open interviews, participative observation and a field surveys carried out together with the informants. A total richness of 29 species of edible and medicinal use was registered, the majority being of European origin. Before the workshops, the ideas and appreciation of the use of wild plants as food were generally negative, being associated with poverty. In contrast, their medicinal uses were more readily accepted. Following the workshops, however, attitudes and behaviour reflected a more positive general assessment, leading to their commercialisation and a marked tendency towards innovation in knowledge that could be combined with the participants traditional knowledge. The importance of this kind of applied ethnobotany project should be noted, and its contribution to the development of local communities.
Desde una aproximación etnobotánica, se estudiaron las malezas comestibles y medicinales comercializadas por primera vez en una feria urbana de horticultores de Bariloche (Patagonia, Argentina), analizando los alcances de tres talleres comunitarios llevados a cabo previamente, y teniendo particular interés en las concepciones, actitudes y comportamientos acerca de dichas plantas entre los horticultores. La metodología incluyó también 25 entrevistas libres, observación participante y relevamientos a campo junto a informantes. Se registró una riqueza de total de 29 especies de uso medicinal y comestible, la mayoría de origen europeo. Antes de los talleres, las concepciones y valoraciones acerca de la utilización de las malezas como alimento eran en general negativas, asociándolas con la pobreza. En cambio, sus usos medicinales fueron mejor aceptados. Sin embargo, luego de los talleres, las actitudes y los comportamientos reflejaron valoraciones generales más positivas resultando en la comercialización de las mismas y una marcada tendencia hacia la innovación de saberes que podían hibridizarse con los saberes tradicionales de las personas. Se rescata la importancia de este tipo de proyectos de etnobotánica aplicada y su aporte al desarrollo de las comunidades locales.
Assuntos
Etnobotânica , Plantas Daninhas , Plantas Comestíveis , Plantas Medicinais , Argentina , Comércio , Área UrbanaRESUMO
Alcohol use is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The detrimental effects of each condition are compounded by the presence of the other. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of alcohol abuse and of alcohol dependence in BD in a Brazilian sample, as indicated by clinical severity, functional impairment, and quality of life (QOL). A cross-sectional survey of 186 bipolar outpatients were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition. The primary outcome measures were functioning, as indicated by the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale scores and QOL, as indicated by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument. Secondary outcomes were clinical severity features. Alcohol abuse and dependence were associated with male gender, lower education, earlier age of onset, psychosis within first episode, depressive symptoms, and worse functioning. In addition, the presence of alcohol abuse or dependence was associated with remarkably high rates of suicide attempt. Our findings suggest that the co-occurrence of alcohol abuse/dependence with BD increases the risk for suicide attempt, which may reflect in part the greater severity of symptoms and impaired functioning. This subgroup of bipolar patients requires a treatment tailored to address both conditions.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
O suicídio é uma emergência médica presente na prática clínica, sendo importante e necessário que todos os médicos tenham conhecimentos básicos sobre o tema. Os autores revisam a literatura médica com o objetivo de ampliar a compreensão acerca das causas e fatores de risco do suicídio, abrangendo fatores genéticos, ambientais, sociais, epidemiológicos e neurológicos. Trata também do manejo e das atitudes contratransferenciais do médico em relação a tal paciente