RESUMO
Two hundred and forty Japanese quail aged 125 days were randomly allocated to five treatment groups based on laying (%) and quail's weight (90.71 ± 1.8% egg/day × 100 and 178.05 ± 9.38 g, respectively), each of which included six replicates of eight quails. The diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, and industrial amino acids. An optimal diet achieves 100% of amino acids required by the quail requirements, except for threonine. Five treatments were made: 20% less amino acid; 10% less amino acid; optimal diet; 10% more amino acid; and 20% more amino acids than those in the optimal diet. The increase in amino acid levels in a fixed Lys: amino acid ratio led to histological alterations in the liver and uterine epithelium, reduction in blood lipid peroxidation, lower hepatic HSP70 gene expression, and the performance of laying Japanese quail. The optimal diet based on the NRC with an adjusted Thr: Lys 78 ratio (Lys 1.0%) improved the performance and efficiency of Japanese quail from 125 to 230 days of age.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , RNA de Transferência de Treonina/análise , Coturnix/fisiologia , Lisina/administração & dosagem , Saúde Reprodutiva , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição AnimalRESUMO
The inclusion of corn-dried distillers' grains (DDG) could be an alternative supplement to increase animal performance, nitrogen efficiency usage (NEU), and decrease enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Our goal was to determine whether DDG could replace a traditional supplement (cottonseed meal) without affecting animal performance, N balance, and CH4 emissions. The experiment was conducted during the forage growing season (December to April), with 15 d adaptation, and a 112 d experimental period. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: a mineral supplement (MS), cottonseed meal supplement (CS), 50% replacement of CS by DDG (50DDG), and 100% replacement of CS by DDG (100DDG). Cottonseed meal and DDG were used as protein supplement. A total of 12 paddocks, 3 per treatment, were used to measure forage mass: morphological and chemical composition of forage, forage allowance, and animal performance. Six animals per treatment were used to evaluate DM intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, microbial protein production (MCP), and NEU of each treatment. Eighty-one Young Nellore bulls (48 testers, 12 per treatments and 33 adjusters) with initial BW of 255⯱â¯5â¯kg (10-12â¯months old) were supplemented with each supplement type at a level of 0.3% of BW. Pasture management was continuous stocking with a variable stocking rate (put-and-take). Enteric CH4 was measured using the gas tracer technique. The MCP was quantified using purine derivatives and the NEU mass balance. No differences were found in nutrient intake (Pâ¯>â¯0.228). Individual animal performance and gain per area were higher in the treatments with concentrates compared with that of MS; however, there was no difference among treatments CS, 50DDG, and 100DDG. The ADG was 0.83 for MS and 1.08â¯kg/animal/d when supplemented (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Gain per hectare was 709â¯kg/ha for MS and 915â¯kg/ha when supplemented with concentrates (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). There was no difference in CH4 production among treatments that average 180â¯g/animal/d; however, CH4 per kg of gain was reduced with CS. The CH4 conversion factor averaged 5.91%. There was no difference in the synthesis of MCP and NEU. Corn DDG can replace 100% of cottonseed meal as a protein source for supplementation of young Nellore bulls grazing in tropical pastures without affecting animal performance, NEU, MCP, and CH4 emissions.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Zea mays , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Digestão , Masculino , NitrogênioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Weight gain and obesity are important issues in liver transplant (LTx) recipients. Although dietary habits are probably related to excessive weight gain after LTx, some studies have failed to demonstrate these associations. The present study aimed to assess eating behaviour and verify its association with weight gain and excessive weight among LTx recipients. METHODS: The investigation comprised a cross-sectional study. Post-LTx patients, aged >18 years were evaluated about their eating behaviour [Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (TFEQ-R21)]. The scores of the TFEQ-R21 [uncontrolled eating (UE), cognitive restraint (CR) and emotional eating (EE)] were determined. Excessive weight was classified as body mass index ≥25 kg/m² and obesity ≥30 kg/m². RESULTS: In total, 270 patients (age 58.0 years; range 20.0-77.0 years; 64.1% men) were assessed. Average weight gain was 8.0 kg (range -16.0 to 41.0 kg). Of the patients, 64.1% (n = 173) had excessive weight and 23.3% (n = 63) were obese. Post-LTx weight gain was significantly correlated with UE (r = 0.311, P < 0.001) and EE (r = 0.287, P < 0.001). Patients with excessive weight had significantly higher scores than others: CR (61.0; range 0-122.0 versus 44.0; range 0-116.0) (P = 0.003) and EE (11.0; range 0-100.0 versus 0.0; range 0-100.0) (P = 0.030). Patients with obesity had higher scores than non-obese UE (22.0; range 0-77.0 versus 14.0; range 0-85.0; P = 0.028), CR (55.0; range 11.0-116.0 versus 50.0; range 0-122.0) (P = 0.017) and EE (16.0; range 0-100.0 versus 5.0; range 0-100.0) individuals (P < 0.001). The greatest quartiles of weight gain had higher scores on the eating behaviours of UE and EE, especially those with weight gain ≥14 kg. UE was associated with weight gain. CR was associated with being overweight. EE was associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled eating is associated with weight gain, CR was associated with excessive weight and EE was associated with obesity after LTx.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Transplante de Fígado/psicologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Autocontrole/psicologia , Aumento de Peso , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/psicologiaRESUMO
Previous work from our laboratories demonstrated that the sugar-induced activation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on calcium metabolism with the contribution of calcium influx from external medium. Our results demonstrate that a glucose-induced calcium (GIC) transporter, a new and still unidentified calcium carrier, sensitive to nifedipine and gadolinium and activated by glucose addition, seems to be partially involved in the glucose-induced activation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. On the other hand, the importance of calcium carriers that can release calcium from internal stores was analyzed in glucose-induced calcium signaling and activation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, in experimental conditions presenting very low external calcium concentrations. Therefore the aim was also to investigate how the vacuole, through the participation of both Ca(2+)-ATPase Pmc1 and the TRP homologue calcium channel Yvc1 (respectively, encoded by the genes PMC1 and YVC1) contributes to control the intracellular calcium availability and the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activation in response to glucose. In strains presenting a single deletion in YVC1 gene or a double deletion in YVC1 and PMC1 genes, both glucose-induced calcium signaling and activation of the H(+)-ATPase are nearly abolished. These results suggest that Yvc1 calcium channel is an important component of this signal transduction pathway activated in response to glucose addition. We also found that by a still undefined mechanism Yvc1 activation seems to correlate with the changes in the intracellular level of IP(3). Taken together, these data demonstrate that glucose addition to yeast cells exposed to low external calcium concentrations affects calcium uptake and the activity of the vacuolar calcium channel Yvc1, contributing to the occurrence of calcium signaling connected to plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activation.
Assuntos
Sinalização do Cálcio/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/enzimologia , Glucose/farmacologia , ATPases Translocadoras de Prótons/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimologia , Vacúolos/metabolismo , Compostos de Boro/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Egtázico/farmacologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Espaço Extracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Espaço Extracelular/metabolismo , Inositol 1,4,5-Trifosfato/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Mutação/genética , Nifedipino/farmacologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Cátion TRPC/metabolismo , Vacúolos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Power-line interference is always present in indoor biopotential measurements, even when its extremely low magnitude makes it imperceptible. In special situations, this kind of interference can be neglected, but this is not a general rule. In laboratory experiments and clinical analysis, it is hard (and expensive) to isolate the subject of measurement from electrical fields produced by a power line. In human biopotential recordings, it is common practice to apply a 50/60 Hz notch filter to reduce this kind of interference. In such cases, there is no considerable distortion observed on the recorded signal. However, experiments showed that it is not true for rat ECG recordings. Several kinds of notch filters (analog and digital) were implemented for evaluation of the distortion caused on ECG signals. These filters were applied to ECGs of humans and rats and then distortion estimates were computed from their resulting signals. The comparison of these estimates showed that, as experimentally observed, rat ECG signals are significantly distorted and deformed when a 50/60 Hz notch filter is applied to them, while human ECGs are not. The major goal of this paper is to show that the use of a notch filter for power-line interference rejection, when applied to rat ECG recordings, can severely deform the QRS complex of such signals, warning researchers against its non-deliberate usage.
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia/instrumentação , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Animais , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Instalação Elétrica , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Pyknodysostosis is a rare, genetic, autosomal recessive condition characterized by short stature, generalized bone sclerosis, and oral manifestations such as maxillary atresia and an increase of the mandibular angle. The main purpose of this article was to report a case of pyknodysostosis, describing the characteristic orofacial findings of the disease and discussing the differential diagnosis.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Anormalidades Maxilomandibulares/etiologia , Má Oclusão/etiologia , Picnodisostose/complicações , Cefalometria , Criança , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Gengivite/complicações , Humanos , Respiração Bucal/etiologia , Mordida Aberta/etiologia , Picnodisostose/patologiaRESUMO
Reference methods for determining lead in food are usually time-consuming. This paper reports a straightforward procedure using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), to determine lead (Pb) in fat-free sweets. Several chemical modifiers were examined and results showed that it is not necessary to digest the samples, when a rhodium (Rh) modifier was used. The samples were dissolved in nitric acid and the determination of Pb was performed by ETAAS, using Rh chemical modifier at a pyrolysis temperature of 900 degrees C and an atomization temperature of 1,500 degrees C. No ashing step was employed and aqueous standards were used, in the range 2-10 microg l(-1). The limit of quantification was 0.095 mg kg(-1), and the accuracy of the method was verified by analysing certified reference materials.
Assuntos
Doces/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Chumbo/análise , Saccharum/química , Calibragem , Temperatura Alta , Padrões de Referência , Ródio , Espectrofotometria Atômica/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oral avascular bone necrosis is an important adverse effect of chemotherapy and biphosphate therapy. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience in oral avascular bone necrosis in cancer patients assigned to undergo chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients presenting oral avascular bone necrosis were selected from the clinical files of five Stomatological Clinics in Brazil. Clinical data as well as treatment and prognosis information were obtained from all 14 patients. RESULTS: Twelve patients (86%) were submitted to biphosphonate therapy. The most important symptom was pain, present in all cases, and the mandible was the most common involved site. Most patients (79%) had their conditions managed by antibiotic therapy and surgical debridation; however complete response was achieved in only three cases (21%). CONCLUSION: Avascular bone necrosis is a serious oral side-effect of cancer chemotherapy, particularly in patients using biphosphonates, and antibiotic therapy and surgical debridation were not able to promote complete response in most cases.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Difosfonatos/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Boca/induzido quimicamente , Osteonecrose/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of oral manifestations in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It also attempted to correlate the presence of lesions with the patient's degree of immunosuppression, as measured by the T4/T8 ratio. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Oral examinations were performed in 51 children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for a 2-year period. A questionnaire used in this investigation was based on the children's classification proposed by the Centers for Disease Control in 1987. The children's T4/T8 ratios were obtained from their medical files. RESULTS: Pseudomembranous candidiasis was the most common lesion, found in 21.57% of the children. Salivary gland disease was present in 19.61% of patients. Erythematous candidiasis was observed in 5.88%, and linear gingival erythema and oral hairy leukoplakia were both observed in 1.96% of children. Children with a T4/T8 ratio < 0.5 were more prone to development of pseudomembranous candidiasis. CONCLUSION: Pseudomembranous candidiasis was the most common type of oral lesion in human immunodeficiency virus-positive children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There was a relationship between the frequency of oral manifestations and the patient's T4/T8 ratio.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Doenças da Boca/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/classificação , Relação CD4-CD8 , Candidíase Bucal/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eritema/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doenças da Gengiva/complicações , Infecções por HIV/classificação , Humanos , Lactente , Leucoplasia Pilosa/complicações , Masculino , Doenças das Glândulas Salivares/complicaçõesRESUMO
Os autores relatam um caso de hiperplasia epitelial focal em indivíduo de ascendência indígena e fazem revisäo da literatura pertinente