RESUMO
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of applying genomic information in pedigree uncertainty situations on genetic evaluations for growth- and cow productivity-related traits in Nelore commercial herds. Records for accumulated cow productivity (ACP) and adjusted weight at 450 days of age (W450) were used, as well as genotypes of registered and commercial herd animals, genotyped with the Clarifide Nelore 3.1 panel (~29,000 SNPs). The genetic values for commercial and registered populations were estimated using different approaches that included (ssGBLUP) or did not include genomic information (BLUP), with different pedigree structures. Different scenarios were tested, varying the proportion of young animals with unknown sires (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), and unknown maternal grandsires (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The prediction accuracies and abilities were calculated. The estimated breeding value accuracies decreased as the proportion of unknown sires and maternal grandsires increased. The genomic estimated breeding value accuracy using the ssGBLUP was higher in scenarios with a lower proportion of known pedigree when compared to the BLUP methodology. The results obtained with the ssGBLUP showed that it is possible to obtain reliable direct and indirect predictions for young animals from commercial herds without pedigree structure.
Assuntos
Genoma , Modelos Genéticos , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Linhagem , Genômica/métodos , Genótipo , FenótipoRESUMO
In Nellore beef cattle, studies addressing genetic correlations between ultrasound marbling content and other economically important traits are still incipient. Therefore, this work aimed to estimate heritability and genetic correlations between ultrasound marbling content in the longissimus dorsi muscle (MARB) and growth, reproductive, feed efficiency, and carcass-related traits in a Nellore beef cattle population from Brazil. Phenotypic records of 614,395 Nellore animals were used and included adjusted weight at 210 (W210) and 450 (W450) days of age, adult cow weight (AW), early heifer pregnancy (EH), stayability (STAY), adjusted scrotal circumference at 365 days of age (SC365), ribeye area (REA), subcutaneous backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness (RF), and marbling (MARB). The genetic parameters for all traits but EH and STAY were estimated considering a linear animal model, whereas for those two nonlinear traits, a threshold animal model was used. The direct and correlated response to selection for MARB versus the other traits, and the relative efficiency of selection, were also calculated. The heritability estimate for MARB was 0.31 and for the other conventional evaluated traits was low to moderate, with values ranging from 0.14 to 0.41. The genetic correlations between MARB and growth, reproductive, feed efficiency, and carcass-related trait were very low, with values close to zero, with similar correlated responses. The MARB displayed adequate genetic variability to respond to selection and crossbreeding programs looking forward to higher meat quality and differential market standards for the Nellore beef. The selection for growth, reproductive, feed efficiency, and carcass-related traits would not affect MARB in Nellore beef cattle and vice versa. Therefore, this trait should be included as a selection criterion in the Nellore breeding program.
Assuntos
Carne , Reprodução , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Ingestão de Alimentos/genética , Feminino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Fenótipo , Reprodução/genéticaRESUMO
Persistency is the rate of decrease after milk production peak, mathematical models such as Wood's can be used to estimate it for describing the lactation curve and its rate of descent; random regression models are also useful, as they describe the genetic lactation curve for each animal. The objective of this study was to compare Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), marker-assisted BLUP (MBLUP) model and random regression model (RRM) to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values for the lactation persistency curve. 4,658 test day measurements were available for 733 individuals, from which lactation curves were described to calculate persistency, estimating genetic parameters and values for this trait through BLUP and MBLUP. A similar process was done for RRM, where persistency was estimated from the genetic lactation curve. The heritability obtained using RRM was 0.51, greater than that obtained by BLUP (0.29) and MBLUP (0.21). The reliability of the genetic value for persistency in bulls was greater when RRM was used, but there was no correlation between the genetic values of different models. The highest heritability for persistency and the more reliable genetic values for bulls were achieved under the RRM, it allows positioning this methodology as an important tool for genetic evaluation of persistency.
Assuntos
Lactação , Leite , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Modelos Genéticos , Fenótipo , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
The use of molecular markers to identify desirable genes in animal production is known as marker-assisted selection. The traditional genetic evaluation model uses the BLUP methodology; when genetic markers are included in the evaluation model, the methodology is known as M-BLUP. In contrast, random regression models (RRM), unlike the models based on production at 305 days, consider factors that change for each animal from one test to another. The objective of this study was to compare variance components, genetic parameters and breeding values for milk production, protein percentage and somatic cell score in Colombian Holstein cattle using BLUP, M-BLUP and RRM. For the estimation of genetic parameters and values, 2003 lactations corresponding to 1417 cows in 55 herds were used, and effects of the order of delivery, herd, and contemporary group were included. The three traits presented greater heritability under the MBLUP model: 0.44 for protein percentage, 0.27 for milk production and 0.28 for somatic cell score. This was because the genetic variance was greater when M-BLUP was used, which allowed a greater accuracy of the breeding value estimation in the three traits. Therefore, the model that includes information on molecular markers is more suitable for genetic evaluation in Colombian Holstein cattle.(AU)
O uso de marcadores moleculares para identificar genes desejáveis na produção animal é conhecido como seleção assistida por marcadores. O modelo tradicional de avaliação genética utiliza a metodologia BLUP, e quando os marcadores genéticos são incluídos no modelo de avaliação, a metodologia é conhecida como M-BLUP. Por outro lado, os modelos de regressão aleatória (RRM), ao contrário dos modelos baseados em produções a 305 dias, consideram fatores que mudam para cada indivíduo de um controle para outro. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar componentes de variância, parâmetros e valores genéticos para produção de leite, percentagem de proteína e escore de células somáticas em gado holandês de Colômbia utilizando BLUP, M-BLUP e RRM. Para a estimativa de parâmetros e valores genéticos, foram utilizadas 2.003 lactações correspondentes a 1.417 vacas de 55 rebanhos e efeitos da ordem de parto, rebanho e grupo contemporâneo. Os três traços apresentaram maior hereditariedade no modelo MBLUP, 0,44 para percentagem de proteína, 0,27 para produção de leite e 0,28 para escore de células somáticas. Isso por causa da variância genética foi maior quando o M-BLUP foi utilizado, o que permitiu estimar maior precisão do valor genético nos três traços, portanto, o modelo que inclui informações sobre marcadores moleculares é mais adequado para avaliação genética em gado holandês colombiano.(AU)